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K(2)L(7) : 

 
K(2)L(8)M(7) 

 
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M electrons = Z .me
M electrons = 13 9,11.1031 kg = 118, 4.1031 kg

: /0 23 # 
 ,8
1u = 1, 660.10 27 kg
M electrons =

118, 4.10 31
1, 660.10

27

u = 71, 33.10 4 u

9:

m Al = 26,981u 



 
 /
M electrons
= 2, 64.104
M atome
M atome m Al M noyau M electron
=
=
= 2, 64.10 4  
 ,&  
: />? @A& %## 2, !< 2
M atome
M atome
M atome

. /0 %/ 500g 23 # 

 3
500g 23 # ?>  F,G

n=

0,5
44, 788.10

27

= 0,111.1026 atomes >? 500g=0,5kg 23 m Al = 44, 788.1027 kg ,& >8

: 2 K 23 

M electrons = Z .me

M electrons = 13 9,11.1031 kg = 118, 4.1031 kg

M ne = 0,111.1026 118, 4.1031 kg = 13,142.105 kg 2  n



3

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,A Z=8 %P,0 9: O 2

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K 2 L8 2 

Al 3 +

K (2) L(8)
/0' 0
,A
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Mg 2 +

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Ca 2 +
Cl
Na +

,'
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'U'

 
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TC

?> 
 #
,#
% > 3

?> 
[3
8e

% > 3

2 8

KLM

8e

>8  F,

2 8

8e

8e

>8 >  3




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K2L8

KLM
2 8

KL


5
Q
1 >:   U'  Q = Z .e Z = = 11 :
e

2 Na

23
11

3 
U'

m Na = 23m p 11me
m Na = 38, 466.1027 kg

0 ,0232
4 ?>  # 0,0232kg 23= 6.10 23 2
38 ,466.10 27
4
5 9P8 U' : V = r 3 U' ? ? %'
V = 2 ,87.10 29 m 3
3
=n

6  d
A0
A,

 
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TC