Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SchoolBased
Interventions
4444
Overview
What do teachers see in the classroom?
Can we base interventions on subtype alone?
The role of Functional Behaviour Assessments
in intervention
The role of the teacher
Evidence-based approaches to behaviour and
academic interventions/ classroom principles
School Problems:
What do teachers see in the classroom?
Academic Underachievement
Disorganization
Frequent distraction
Less attention to rules governing a task
Decreased ability of shift attention
Poor test performance and study skills
Inconsistent completion of independent
work/decreased productivity/more errors
Frequent shifting of activities
Forgetting/Losing assignments
(DuPaul, Stoner & OReilly, 2002; Silverman, Iseman & Jeweler, 2009;
School Problems:
What do teachers see in the classroom?
Disruptive &/or off-task classroom behaviour
Failure to listen to instructions
High rates of Noncompliance/Aggression
Disrupts learning of others
Difficulties with peer relations
Easily angered when encountering challenging tasks
Calling out/frequent talking
(DuPaul, Stoner & OReilly,2002; Silverman, Iseman & Jeweler, 2009)
As a result....
Higher risk for grade
retention
30-50% of student with ADHD
are retained at least once
(Silverman, Iseman & Jeweler, 2009)
Intervention:
emphasize non-competitive
external incentives for
meeting goals
Plan assignments that
address slow work style
and incorporate preference
for cooperative groups
Design intervention
Implement
Review progress
(DuPaul & Weyandt, 2006; Pfiffner, DuPaul & Barkley, 1998; Iseman, Silverman & Jeweler, 2010)
Example:
Behaviour Function
Antecedent Based
Intervention
Consequence Based
Intervention
Task avoidance
Provide attention
breaks upon completion
of selected portions of
work
(Pfiffner, L., DuPaul, G., & Barkley, R.,1998, Silverman, Iseman & Jeweler, 2009).
Evidence-Based Approaches
Stimulant medication
Behavioural Interventions: Target on-task &
disruptive behaviour
Academic Interventions: manipulation of
antecedents (type of instruction, materials,
outcomes...)
(Raggi & Chronis, 2006)
Parallel Teaching
Reprimand
Token Reinforcement
Response Cost
Academic Interventions
Strengths-Based Approach
Boosts self-confidence
Adaptations/Accomodations
Examples: Modify pace of instruction, allow extended time for task completion, allow frequent breaks, allow fidget toys...
Computer-Assisted Instruction
Self-Monitoring
Improve social and academic behaviour in classroom
Strategy Training
Places responsibility on the student to improve performance
Peer Tutoring
(DuPaul, Stoner & OReilly, 2002; Iseman, Silverman & Jeweler, 2010; Raggi & Chronis, 2006; Silverman, Iseman & Jewelwe, 2009)
Conclusion
School-based interventions can be
quite powerful while they are being
administered, particularly when
they:
are administered consistently by
teachers who are actively engaged
in working with students
are based on FBA, tailored to the
specific student
Include active engagement on the
part of the student
Include effective communication
between home and school
4444
References
DuPaul, G., & Stoner, G. (2003). ADHD in the Schools: Assessment and Intervention Strategies. New York, New
York:The Guilford Press.
DuPaul, G., Stoner, G., & OReilly, M.J. (2002). Best Practices in Classroom Interventions for Attention Problems. In
A. Thomas & J. Grimes (Eds.), Best Practices in School Psychology: Volume 2 (4th ed., pp. 1115-1127).
Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists.
DuPaul, G., & Weyandt,L. ( 2006). School-Based Interventions for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder: Effects on Academic, Social, and Behavioural Functioning. International Journal of Disabilities,
Development and Education, 53, 2, 161-176. doi: 10.1080/10349120600716141
Iseman, J., Silverman, S., & Jeweler, S. (2010). 101 School Success Tools for Students With ADHD. Waco, Texas:
Prufrock Press Inc.
Pfiffner, L., DuPaul, G., & Barkley, R. (1998). Treatment of ADHD in School Settings. A Handbook for Diagnosis and
Treatment. New York: Guilford Press.
Raggi, V., & Chronis, A. (2006). Interventions to Address the Academic Impairment of Children and Adolescents with ADHD.
Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 9, 2. doi: 10.1007/s10567-006-0006-0
Silverman, S., Iseman, J., & Jeweler, S. (2009). School Success for Kids With ADHD. Waco, Texas: Prufrock Press Inc.