EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH EUROPEAN LABORATORY FOR PARTICLE PHYSICS CERN - LEP Division CERN/LEP-PC/89-59 AN AC/DC CONVERTER USING MOSFETS FOR A 2000 A, 10 V OUTPUT WITH HIGH STABILITY K, Fischer, P. Proudlock - CERN B. Alberti, J. Zabaleta - JEMA S.A. Paper presented at the 3rd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications - EPE'89 Aachen (D), October 9-12, 1989 Geneva, 9th October, 1989ay AC/DC CONVERTER USING. HOSEETS FoR’® 2000-8, 10'V OUTPUT MIT! NIGH STABILITY B. Alberai, J: Zabateta ‘Aachen 1989 Aostract. The special need of CERN for high diract-current (2000 Aly 's to feed Superconducting magnets asks for relatively snall converter size K. Fischer, 2. Prouglock - CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland = JEHA’S.A., Lasarte-Oria, 20160 San Sebastian, Spatn Tovevoltage (10 ¥) Here is described a 20 kiz ~ switensnode solution using MISFETS at switches for the H-bridge. Pal inverter” and Schottay diodes in the cutout rectifier. Preliminary studses, the series converters and first eipersence with tnis novel converter application aré developed. Keywords. MOSFET, Schottky diodes, PHM, H-bridge, high-current, DC-power supply, sxstehenode. TRODUCTEON CERN js the European Organization for Particle Physics, ‘grouping together 1@ nations of Western Europe, 19 @xtend the research tools for European particle physi- ists, CERW is actually constructing LEP, the ‘Large Etectron Positron col iger. To increase bean lutino- sity in the @' experinents, @ superconducting magnets focus ‘this bean gust. in’ front. of each interaction point. The duty or eacn' converter is to feed one of these’ superconducting magnets. They need 2000. Arpbres ‘saxinum current and have an inducttvity of 0.25 Hy and Of course zero resistance. The resistance seen” from the converter is 2.5 m0 maxinua, due to the cabling, siving a tine constant of 100 seconds. COMPARISON SWITCH-NODE TO CLASSICAL The tendency in preciston 06 power supplies 4s leading nore. ana. nore toverds switeh-node. “Especially for the application in LEP, thera are severe) acvantages of 3 Switch-roce converter compared t0\3 elessical tnyristor solution = Shieh higher bandviden, therefore better mains tran Sent suppression = less space necessary, viicn eases underground hous in such “less cable’ Taises In being able to. put the conerter underground,” close to the magnet, and therefore Tower converter power necessary tnuch lower power cabling costs, Pigher converter efficiency, requiring less cooling Tow acoustic noise converter spl1t op into nodules, for fast replacenent oF parts. BACKGROUND OF THE DESIGN Earlier, the feasibitity of 2 migh-current witen-node ower supply as successfully studies at CERN, The Drototype was 2 resonant power supply, With the experience obteined, CERN wrote a precise Derformance “specification of the desired converter. ‘SEM obtained the contract on the base Of a conpet itive Tendering. Especially, the experience of the output transforners and rectifiers for nigh current, “tow voltage ané high Frequency (>10 biz) helped to understend and to solve the problens of such a converter. In detail, we net the following problens cTestensive’ close losses, which make fan cooling necessary - the reduced conducted and radiates RFI has to be Foduced by shielding ane Pittering = folobtain’ a high-current, high-frequency fiTter with Pes, redtetion and Sng ~ Tirge”voitage peaks on the output diodes, even with minimized cable length, se to the nigh currents ~The high stored energy of, he magnes has to heve 2 ree" whuel paths "i case “ot, "mains Faltures even Sithout forced cooling of the diodes PE tochen, 1969 DESCRIPTION OF THE POWER SUPPLY For service reasons, the converter is split up into Four moduies to ease fest replacenent’ cf complete converter parts. “T= Fig. 1 ~ Block diagram of the high-current switchenode converter ModvTe one houses the input rectifier bridge and the input filter. This fiver 4s not only to reduce 300 Ke ripple but, it avoids es well) negative tepedance effects. "In order to get, after rectification the appropriate voltage for” the ‘inverters, 4 step" dovn autotransformer is housed at tne Flggr of the rack. The nominal Oc rail voltage #2 365 ¥. nat Fig. 2 - The input module Que to thefr previous experience with MOSFET Inverters, SEH" chose two parallel working H-oridge converters: nis to avoie using nore then 10 NOSFETS. in pereiiet. ‘The two inverters tre housed in module to. They are pulsennidtn noduiated et 20 kllz switching frequency and controvled by the sane voltage Toop. One switch is Formed by 8 HOSFETS “in parallel with a rated voltage of 500 V."” At the design. stagey MOSFETS. with Risher voltage were sti11 quite rare. tach of these inverters TS powering one output nodule. Fig. 3 = The inverterModule 3 and & are the identical output modules foreach inverter. The primary windings of three transformers, are connected in sertes and fed by one Inverter. The Secondary windings are centre tapped and all. comected in parallel after the three rectifiers and the filter chokes." Furthersore, the ‘two output modules are Connected {n paratiel. Migh-current Schottky diodes are tised Inthe rectifiers. | ieee ale Fig. 4 = the output mooule AML the power semiconductors of these converters are air-cooled by Towespeed fans. The welt darped voltage Toop has a bandnidth of 1 itz, giving @ very good mains transient rejection ratio. and Sn overall ripple performance of better than 0.1 Vs CERN puts around this converter a slow high-precision current loop £0 control exactly. the current in. the magnet. load. Therefore, the current stability. over four houre is better than 100 ppm. This means 0.2 & for, 2000" A maximum output current wile ripple current 48 unneasurable. ‘The converter attains an overall efficiency of OX at fol output power and nominal conditions. Ve 2 Fig. 5 Efficiency over output power To avoid electrical pollution inthe physics experiments, gd0e AFL protection was ‘necessary. The Fequiresents of ¥0E O75" are fuiritied. To attain this; a AFL-f¥lter was placed betwaon the converter Snput. and the mains. "At fhe output side, several snail Ighsfrequeney capecitors were necessary. They vere placed at various points netween the two output poles Gs'welt ‘as from the poles to the earth. The power part of the converter uses only 0.8 m3 of space. This eases transport end underground housing. Each converter receives orders fron a CERN uP contro? electronics. This. implements loca) fault analysis ang he interaction with the main computer runing’ the LEP ring. PE Aachen, 1989 conctustons This progect shows thet It 1s sensible to use MOSFETS in a 20 kd converter. Such high-current applications were up t0 now outside of the field of switcn-node Technology. With the increasing use of superconducting hnagnets “et CERK and elsennere, we looe forward. to Seeing nore and nore switen-node ‘converters, with their Setendant advantages, replacing classical thyristor Solutions in this fiels. REFERENCES Goidin M., Foch H. and Prouglock P. (1984). The ‘Desigh, Construction and Evaluetion of |a_ New Generation "High-Frequency 40. kW OC Converter. Ninth International #1 Conference, Paris, 124, lech Het. (1962). The CERN-LEP Project and its 0° Power Supplies. PCL Conference, Geneva, 278. sch uke, Pett 3.6. and Provdtock P. (1983). CERN Power’ Converter’ Requirements and. Topologies for the, ce Machine. Teternationay PCI/MOTORCON *83 Conference, Orlando, 22 Iseh Hee, Pett J.G. and Proudlock P. (1987). An Over ‘View’ of the CEP Power Converter’ Systan. IEEE Particle ‘Accelerator Conference, hashington, seh H.M.(1968). Realization of the LEP Power Converters. Ist European Particle Accelerator Eonference” (EPR) Wome sch H.W. Oupaauier Acy Fischer Key Pett 3.8. and Proudlock P. (1989): Power Converters: Present and. Future. Particle Accelerator Conference, Chicago. Forrest Ri Switen-Mode 18 Proudlack P. (1962). The Medium over AuxiTiary Magnet Power Supplies for LEP; Con Switcn-Node meet the challenge 7 PCI Conference, Geneva, 297. Proudtock ®., Isch H.W. and Pett 9.6. (1987). The use of, SwitehMode Power Converters for tne LE? Main Ring” Power Converter systen. IEEE Particle Agcelerator Conference, Kasnington, ToT. 3y