Serkyem of the Eight Classes Arranged by Nub Sangye Yeshe


Serkyem of the Eight Classes Arranged by Nub Sangye Yeshe

LAMA DAMPA NAM LA CHYAG TSAL LO

Praise to the Glorious Gurus!

In a clean place, prepare the sacred offerings: Mount Meru, milk, a bouquet of flowers, a medicinal elixir,
three sweets (honey, molasses, sugar), pieces of meat, medicine, grain, silk, different food and other valuables.
Perform the ritual of Refuge and Boddhichitta and the practice of your own yidam. Bless all offerings with the
power of six mantras and mudras.
Being in a state of samadhi read:

hung ku sum gy sum la ma dang

To the Lama who embodies the three kayas and three lineages,

yi dam zhi tr lha tsok dang

To the assembly of peaceful and wrathful Yidams,

kyap n kn chok sum po dang

To the objects of Refuge, The Three Precious Jewels,

kha dro nor lha ch sung sok

To the Dakinis,welth deities, protectors of the Dharma,

ch yl gong ma tam ch la
To all Exalted Recipients of offerings

ch pa dam pa di bl lo
We are offering this sacred offerings

ser kyem tsang ma di zh la

Please accept this pure Golden Drink

dak gi di dn drup tu sl
Please accomplish my aspirations!

lha yi wang po gya jin dang

Mighty Lord of Devas, Indra

lha min wang po tak zang ri

Mighty Lord of Asuras, Vemacitra

lu yi wang po gawo dang
King of Nagas, Gawo 1

mi am chi jn ta go chen
The Great horse-headed Miam Chijon

n jin gang wa zang po dang

Yaksha Purnabhadra (Gangwa Zangpo)

kha ding ser mig kyil wa dang

Garuda Sermig Kyilwa ('scintillating golden eye')

sinpo lang ka drin chu dang

Ravana, the King of Rakshasas, 2

ch kyong ma ha ka la dang
3

Dri Za Zurpu Ngapa,The King of Gandharvas ('with hair tied in five knots'), and all the others,

chi yi d gy khor ch la
To the Outer Eight Classes with their retinues

ch pa dam pa di bl lo
We are offering this sacred offerings

ser kyem tsang ma di zh la

Please accept this pure Golden Drink

dak gi di dn drup tu sl
Please accomplish my aspirations!

yap chik d j nak po dang

Yabcig Dd Je Nag Po ('the only father, the black lord of the Dd')

tsen gyel yam sh mar po dang

The King of Tsen, Yamshud Marpo ('the red Yamshud'),

yl lha cha sang lu s dang

The local deity, Cha Sang, the son of Nagas

sok dak gyel po nying jin dang

Sogdag Gyalpo Nying Jyin ('tearing out the hearts'),

ch kyong n jin mar po dang

The Dharma Protector, Njyin Marpo ('red Yaksha')

lha mo jik p lok jin dang

The Goddess Jigpe Logjyin ('throwing terryfying thunderbolts')

4

g nyen dor j lek pa dang

The Virtuous Dorje Legpa (Vajrasadhu)

kar mo nyi da t treng sok

Karmo Nyida Th Treng ('white sun and moon, with the necklace of skulls'), and others

nang gi d gy khor ch la
To the Inner Eight Classes with their retinues

ch pa dam pa di bl lo
We are offering this sacred offerings

ser kyem tsang ma di zh la

Please accept this pure Golden Drink

dak gi di dn drup tu sl
Please accomplish my aspirations!

d po kha tn raksha dang

Dd, Khathun Raksha

shin j sh pa mar po dang

Yamantaka Shedpo Mar Nag ('red enemy')

lu d na ga ra dza dang
Demon of Nagas, Nagaraja

n jin shen pa dri tok dang

Yaksha, Shenpa Dri Thog ('butcher wealding a blade')

mamo sid pa tram deb dang

Mamo, Sidpa Trom Deb

tsen po yam sh sok len dang

Tsen, Yamshud Sog Len ('taker of the lifeforce')

d po re t go yak dang
Dd, Re Te Go Yag

s dak dung gi tor tsuk sok

Sogdag Dung Gi Thor Tsug ('hair tied by a conch shell'), and all the others,

sang w d gy khor ch la
To the Secret Eight Classes with their retinues

ch pa dam pa di bl lo
We are offering this sacred offerings

ser kyem tsang ma di zh la

Please accept this pure Golden Drink

dak gi di dn drup tu sl
Please accomplish my aspirations!

za chok gyal po ra hu la
The Supreme of Za, King Rahula

kar chok tram shing kha tor dang

The Supereme of the Stars, Tramshing Ka Tor

d chok ma nu raksha dang

The Supreme of Dd, Ma Nu Raksha

tsen chog dri tsen tum po dang

The Supreme of Tsen, Dritsen Tumpo

ma chok ch chang dung dzin dang

The Supreme of Mamo, Che Chyang Dung Dzin

lu chok lu gyal dung kyong dang

The Supreme of Naga, The Naga King Dung Kyong ('protector of the conch shells')

gn chok nak po t kar dang

The Supreme of the Protectors (Mahakala), Nagpo Te Kar

gyal chok li jyin ha ra sog

The Supreme of Gyalpo, Li Jyin Ha Ra

chok gi d gy khor ch la
To the Supreme Eight Classes with their retinues

ch pa dam pa di bl lo
We are offering this sacred offerings

ser kyem tsang ma di zh la

Please accept this pure Golden Drink

dak gi di dn drup tu sl
Please accomplish my aspirations!

pung y dra lhar trl pa dang

The right shoulder - Emanations of Dra Lha (Warrior Deities)

pung yn ma mor trl pa dang

Left shoulder - the Emanations of Mamo

chu so d du trl pa dang

Mouth and teeth - the Emanations of Dd

go wo sin po trl pa dang

Head - the Emanations of Sinpo (Raksha)

jug ma mu ru trl pa dang

Lower part of the spine - the Emanations of Mu

lak y shin j trl pa dang

Right hand - the Emanations of Shinje (Yama)

lak yn lu tsen trl pa dang

Left hand - the Emanations of Lu (Naga) and Tsen

mig dang nying dang che wa sum

The three: eyes, heart and tooth

za d nyi du trl pa sok

Are the Emanations of Za and Dd, and others

trl p d gy khor ch la
To the Emanation Eight Classes with their retinues

ch pa dam pa di bl lo
We are offering this sacred offerings

ser kyem tsang ma di zh la

Please accept this pure Golden Drink

dak gi di dn drup tu sl
Please accomplish my aspirations!


sa dak hal kyi nak po dang
Sadag Halkyi Nagpo

lu d dol pa nag po dang

Demon of Nagas, Dolpa Nagpo ('black outcast')

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sa yi lha mo tenma dang

Tenma Sayi Lhamo ('goddesses of the earth')

chyog kyong gyal chen d zhi dang

Four Great Kings, Guardians of the Four Directions

gn po dn chu tsa nga dang

The 75 Protectors (75 Emanations of Mahakala)

yl dii zhi dak tam ch dang

All the local deities (owners) of this area

po lha dra lha sok lha dang

Po-lha (Male deities), Dra-Lha (Warrior deities), Sog-Lha (Life-force deities)

mo lha mo men la sok pa

Mo-lha (Female deities), Mo-men (Local Goddesses), and all the others

nang si d gy khor ch la
To the Worldly Eight Classes with their retinues

ch pa dam pa di bl lo
We are offering this sacred offerings

ser kyem tsang ma di zh la

Please accept this pure Golden Drink

dak gi di dn drup tu sl
Please accomplish my aspirations!

This Serkyem Offering for the Eight Classes which should be performed before any ritual activity was
arranged by Nub Sangye Yeshe, because any ritual action, whether it be a hail protection ritual, infant death
protection ritual, a torma- throwing against obstacle makers or a cross-thread ritual is, without firtsly making
the offerings to the Eight Classes, nothing more than child's play similar to building castles of sand.

Notes:
1

Omitted in most texts.

Omitted in some texts.

Some texts have ma mo (class of Mamo) instead of lha mo -goddess

Some texts have 'Yaksha' instead of 'Raksha'

Some texts have dmar nag: red-black instead of dmar po: red

Some texts have dkar: white, instead of skar: stars

some texts have 'Yaksha' instead of 'Raksha'

Some texts have chu so: genitals, instead of mchu so: mouth and teeth
10

Some texts have mchin pa: liver instead of mche ba: teeth, fangs

10

Some texts have Go Ra (the name of the class of Nagas) insted of gdol pa: 'outcast'

11

Serkyem of the Eight Classes

(by Dudjom Rinpoche)

kn chok sum dang tsa sum ch kyong tsok

Three Jewels and Three Roots and Gathering of Protectors,

chi yi d gy nang gi d gy dang

Outer Eight Classes and Inner Eight Classes,

sang w d gy chok gi d gy dang

Secret Eight Classes and Supreme Eight Classes,

trl p d gy nang si d gy sok

Emanation Eight Classes and Worldly Eight Classes and others,

trl pa yang trl ka d dren yok ch

Emanations and re-emanations and those bound by oaths,

dir shek ser kyem tor m ch bl zh

Come here and accept this offering of Golden Drink and Torma!

tn kyen sam dn drup la gel kyen dok

Create favourable conditions, accomplish our wishes, and dispel negativities,

rap jam trin l ma l yong drup dz

Perfectly accomplish all the infinite activities without exception!

ka dang dam l ma da sa ma ya
Do not transgress your oaths and commitments. Samaya.

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13

General Serkyem Offering

ky d gy chi dang chok di ru

The General and Supreme Eight Classes come to this place!

n p yl lha zhi dak nam

Lords of the land and gods of the land in this area,

dir shek ser kyem ch pa zh

come here and receive this serkyem offering!

gek zhi sam dn lhn drup dz

Pacify obstructing forces and spontaneously accomlish all meaningful wishes!

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15

Explanation about the Eight Classes1

chi yi de gye
brgya byin:

- Outer Eight Classes

Indra

lha min dbang po thags bzang:

a king of the Asuras (lha ma yin or lha min). His body is

black, he has one face and four hands, in which he holds a shield, sword, jewel, and a
chopper. His vehicle is a chariot.
klu'i dbang po: apparently

only a title; it was not possible to ascertain which deity occupies

this place. In most works the klu'i dbang po is omitted from the enumeration of the phyi yi sde
brgyad.
mi 'am ci ljon rta mgo:
4

a Kimnara , with a green horse-head, wearing a red garment and

playing a vina .
gnod sbyin gang ba bzang po:

the mountain god, dwelling on the mountain gnod sbyin gang zang
near Gyantse, the famous companion of Vaishravana rnam thos sras, the protector of the
North, who guards and administers the riches from the treasury.
mkha' lding gser mig 'khyil ba: a

Garuda having a body of a bird, sky-blue in colour. His

horns, beak, and claws are of meteoric iron, his three eyes are fiery like the sun. He is
accompanied by five Naga-subduing Garudas, a white, red, blue, yellow, and a green
one.
srin po lang ka mgrin bcu: Raksha from

Lanka, Ravana, King of Raksha, omitted from some

versions of the text

chos skyong ma ha ka la:

Glorious Lord of Pristine Awareness, Black Neuter (not: 'eunuch', as

sometimes translated! In here 'Neuter' refers to the primordial state before division into
genders and duality.) with a body blue-black in colour, one face and two hands. Holding
aloft in the right, pointed to the sky, a flaming lance, and in the left a poisoned heart and
lasso. With three round red eyes, a curled tongue and hanging black snakes for hair. Having
a crown of five dry skulls and a necklace of fifty fresh heads. Adorned with a garland of
hearts and piles of snakes, dressed in silk cloaks, black and layered. Having a gold belt and
a girdle of fresh human skin. From the three doors of a great stick of sandalwood, fastened
at the waist, an army of snakes is dispersed. Decorated with varieties of colourful flowing
streamers and all the frightful ornaments. Standing with the left leg extended atop a corpse
seat..."
5

dri za zur phud lnga pa: the king

of the Gandharvas , called also 'the king of Water Spirits' or

the 'Lord of the Great Eight Secret Places of Tibet'. He is described as beautiful man of
white colour with five turquoise locks of hair. He wears a mantle of white silk and a shell
for a hat. In his right hand he holds a reed cane, with a left he swings a short spear with a
silk banner he is riding a white horse who can fly, with eves like Zi (onyx) and a turquoise
mane.
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nang gi sge brgyad

- Inner Eight Classes

yab gcig bdud rje nag po:

a god of the rnying ma pa pantheon, dressed in black and riding a

black horse. His left hand is set in the tarjani mudra (sdig 'dzub, sdigs mdzub- threatening
finger, mudra like of Vajrapani) and holds a snare, the right hand brandishes a sword. The
deity's long black hair hangs loosely down and it is not covered by any head-dress.
btsan rgyal yam shud dmar po: He dwells

at a place lying towards the West, where he resides in

a red castle of copper, surrounded by red mountains, red valleys, and red rivers. yam shud
dmar po rides a red horse of the kind called bse rta (also: bsve rta). He wears a red armour, a
brilliant helmet of leather, and his right hand brandishes a red lance, the bse yi mdung dmar,
with fluttering streamers reddened with blood, or a stick of seng ldeng wood. His left hand
holds a human heart and a red btsan snare, which he thrusts against his enemies. It is his task
to cut the life of men and horses. He eats human flesh and horse meat; when thirsty, he
drinks the blood of horses and men. He dispatches nine naked men as his messengers. yam
shud dmar po is accompanied on the left side by nine riders, on the right by nine swift red
men,
and in front creeps stealthily a life-destroying wolf of copper.
yul lha chag sangs klu sras: no

information was available on the iconography of this deity.

srog bdag rgyal po snying sbyin:

this deity is regarded as an emanation of Pehar.

chos skyong gnod sbyin dmar po: another name for the dharmapala tsi'u dmar po. He is the chief
leader of all btsan demons. This dharmapala is usually represented in the following way:
Yaksha, the king of the dgra lha, fierce and horrible, produces dreadful shrieks. His

forehead is contorted in anger, his upper teeth gnaw the lower lip. He possesses all marks
of a hero.
With his right hand he brandishes a banner of red silk, in his left he holds the snare of
the btsan demons - sparkling like the rays of the sun, which he throws with the speed of
lightning at the enemies, catching with it their 'life-breath'. Also with the fourth finger of his
right hand he whirls a red snare. On his right side he carries a quiver of tiger-skin and on his
left side a bow-case made from the skin of a leopard, and he rides a black horse with white
heels. On his head he wears a helmet of leather, adorned with an aigrette of vulture-feathers,
and on his body he carries a cuirass covered with the shells of scorpions. He is surrounded
by hundred thousand unvanquishable war-battalions of the btsan, by twenty thousand groups
of klu, numberless the'u rang, and countless falcons and eagles, tigers, leopards, monkeys,
etc. Furthermore, he is accompanied by monks wearing bse theb hats, wielding their rattlingstaffs and carrying begging-bowls; five hundred of them, saying prayers solemnly, march in
front. On the right side walk five hundred magicians who pronounce horrible mantras. They
wear black hats, garments with broad sleeves, and brandish demon-daggers and skull-cups.
On the left side march, speaking courageous words, five hundred armed men, wielding
swords and shields. In the back are walking five hundred black women, who say curses
while shaking out their garments. His consort is lha mo grol mo spyan gcig ma. She is darkbrown, naked, has one face, and her two hands hold a chopper and a snare. A single eye
stares in a fierce manner from the middle of her brow.
ma mo 'jig pa'i glog 'byin: a

mamo depicted as a black woman with long protruding teeth; her

body is only partly covered by a long, loosely hanging cloak.
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dge bsnyen rdo tje legs pa :

Dorje Legpa. Surrounded by the wild sea of blood lies a castle

built of bat-bone, from which a five-coloured rainbow emanates. Up in the sky,
poisonous clouds gather and a terrific storm, accompanied by fiercely rolling thunder and
flashing of meteors and lightning, rages there. Around this abode - on whose perimeter
lies a circle of black iron hills - blows a black storm, and in the centre of this place comes
forth on a "sun-lotus", riding either on a light-brown billy-goat or on a brilliantly white
lion, the nobly-born rdo rje legs pa of a dark-red colour, with One face and three eyes, with
a gaping mouth and bared teeth, exhaling poisonous vapours. The hair which covers his
head, his eyebrows and the hair of his face blaze like fire. His right hand brandishes a
nine-pointed thunderbolt of meteoric iron, crushing with it 'he heads of the enemies of
religion, with his left he clutches a heart, still warm and dripping with blood, which he
lifts to his mouth. His body is covered with a voluminous garment of red silk, and he
wears a purple-brown hat. On his right side hangs a quiver made of tiger-skin, and on his
left side a bow-case made from the skin of a leopard. His attire is full of splendour, and
he is of an overpoweringly horrible appearance.
dkar mo'i nyi zla'i thod 'phreng:

The hair of this divinity is done in the fashion of the Indian

yogis, with the sun and moon fastened at the sides of the central hair-tuft. In another form,
the deity has the sun resting on her open right hand, while on the palm of the left hand lies
the moon. dkar mo'i nyi zla'i thod 'phreng is represented either as having a white face and body,
or with a white body and a red face.
gsang ba'i sde brgyad

- Secret Eight Classes

bdud po kha mthun raksa: no

information was available on the iconography of this deity.

gshin rje gshed pa dmar po: a red

form of Yamantaka represented as the figure of a man

dancing on a prostrate corpse; his right hand, which is stretched sideways, holds a
chopper, and the left one carries a kapala.
klu bdud nagaraja:

a general term; it was not possible to ascertain which deity is exactly

meant.
gnod sbyin shan pa gri thogs:

Yaksha , represented on paintings with either a red or black

body, and brandishing a sword.
ma mo srin po'i khram 'debs:

a red goddess, wearing an open cloak, one hand brandishes a

khram shing (a baton with carved magical symbols), the other holds a sack full of diseases.
btsan po yam shud srog len:

no information was available on the iconography of this deity.

bdud pho re ti 'gong yag:

a black figure dressed in black silks and riding on a ferocious black

otter. His right hand lifts a sta mo (axe) made of meteoric iron, with which he kills quickly
all enemies and obstacle-creating demons, his left hand brandishes a battle-lance with a
pendant of black silk. His companions are a multitude of bdud and btsan.
srog bdag dung gi thor tshugs:

the lord of life-force, with the shell protruding from his hair,
that are tied together with two wide pieces of fabric which cross on top of his head
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mchog gi sde brgyad

- Supreme Eight Classes

gza' mchog rgyal po rahula: the chief

of all planetary gods (gza') Rahu or Rahula. He has nine

heads, a raven's head on top, and his body is covered by a thousand eyes. He bares his teeth,
and a mist of illnesses issues from his mouth. The right hand holds a makara-banner, and
the left one clutches a bow and an arrow, the latter being shot into the heart of those who
break their religious vows. The lower part of his body is the coiled tail of a snake. Rahu
dispatches the klu bdud - beings which originated out of the union of a klu with a bdud - as his
messengers.
skar mchog khram shing kha 'thor: a

god of the stars, whose chief attribute is a baton carved

with magical symbols.

bdud mchog ma nu yaksha: no

information was available on the iconography of this deity.

btsan mchog gri btsan 'thu bo: a btsan

ma mchog lce spyang mdung 'dzin:

wolf on top

whose main attribute is a sword.

a ma mo who is armed with a lance which carries the head of a

klu mchog klu rgyal dung skyong: represented

as a divinity holding a vessel full of jewels in

the right hand and a conch-shell in the left one
mgon mchog nag po lte dkar: it

was not possible to ascertain which particular form of mgon po

(Mahakala) is meant.
rgyal mchog li byin ha ra: this is one of the companions of the three-headed and six armed
Hayagriva (rta mgrin), he jumps in front of Hayagriva amidst the horde of the demons btsan,

swinging their lassos, his hair tied in a knob, from which a shell sticks out. He holds a
crystal sword, a lasso made of rays, spear and a bowl of treasures. He wears leather armour
and leather helmet.
sprul pa sde brgyad

- Emanation Eight Classes

dpung g.yas dgra lhar sprul padpung g.yon ma mor sprul pamchu so bdud du sprul pamgo bo srin por sprul pa

right shoulder - Dra Lha emanation

left shoulder - Mamo emanation

left shoulder - Dd emanation

- head - Raksha emanation

mjug ma dmu ru sprul pa-

back - Mu emanation

lag g.yas gshin rje sprul pa

- right hand - Yama emanation

lag g.yon klu btsan sprul pa-

left hand - Lu and Tsen emanation

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mig dang snying dang mche ba

- eyes, heart and liver - Za and Dd emanation

This list reminds somewhat of the distribution of the so-called 'Go ba'i lha lnga, the five
guardian-deities of each person, who have their seats within five parts or areas of the human
body, from where they are exercise their protective influence. Their usual way of
distribution has been listed by Klong rdol bla ma:
crown of the head - yul lha
right shoulder - dgra Iha
right armpit - pho lho
left armpit - mo lho
heart - srog lha

snang srid sde brgyad

- Eight Worldly Classes

sa bdag hal khyi nag po:

he is represented as a creature with a black human trunk which bear

the head of a dog, wings of iron, the tail of a snake, and instead of hands, bird's claws,
which clutch a lance with a banner.
klu bdud sgo ra nag po: no

information was available on the iconography of this deity.

(or brtan ma): she belongs to the class of the sa bdag. She is yellow in
colour and holds a vessel in front of her heart.
sa yi lha mo bslan ma

phyogs skyong rgyal chen sde bzhi

- the Four Directional Guardians:

Dhritarashtra, Yulkhor Sung; (yul 'khor srung; 'Defender of the Area') is the Guardian King
of the East and chief of the Gandharvas.
Virudhaka, Pak Kyepo; ('phags skyes po; 'Noble Birth') is the Guardian King of the South
and leader of the Kumbhandas, fierce beings who reside in the desire realms of the
heavens.
Virupaksha, Chen Mi Zang; (spyan mi bzang; 'Ugly Eyes') is the Guardian King of the West
and leader of the Nagas.
Vaishravana, Namts; (rnam thos sras; 'Son of He who has Heard Many Things') is the
Guardian King of the North and leader of the Yakshas.
mgon po bdun cu rtsa .lnga

- the Seventy-Five emanations of Mahakala

yul 'di'i gzhi bdag than cad

: the local protectors and guardians.

pho lha dgra lha srog lha:

pho lha:

'male deity', white, young, dressed in white silk clothes, blue cape and boots. His
20

hair is tightened with silk ribbon into a knot. In his right hand he holds a wish-fulfilling
jewel and in left he raises a platter, full of precious stones. Pho Lha is also an important
personal protective deity, and is located in the right armpit.
dra lha: 'the

enemy deity' appears as smiling young man wearing a turban of white silk and
white raincoat and boots, riding on white horse. On his belt hangs a case for the bow and
quiver. With right hand he is waving a spear with a banner, and in left he holds a lasso.
Dra lha is also an important personal protective deity, which dwells in the right shoulder.
Dra Lha protects the live of those who worship him, helps to overcome obstacles, destroy
the enemies, and also to achieve high social rank.
sog lha-

'deity of life-force', appears as a man of strong physique, white skin, on a black horse
with white hoofs, wearing helmet and armor of gold, on the side hangs bow and a quiver, in
his right hand a spear with silk banner, in his left hand a lasso.
mo lha:

the female deity, this is the white goddess Machig Palgyi Lhamo, ma gcig dpal
gyi lha mo, riding on a deer, she is young and beautiful, clothed in white silk and wearing
a mantle of black silk, wearing a diadem, and jewellery, in the right hand she hold
divination arrow, in the left a mirror.
mo sman;

the word mo sman consists of two meanings: a woman and a medicine. In general
Men Mo can live in different environments. Some live in the sky, some in great quiet lakes,
some on green meadows, some in forests, or in the earth.
Notes:
1

Based on: Rene De Nebesky- Wojkowitz 'Oracles and Demons of Tibet', Chgyal
Namkhai
Norbu 'Serkyem of the Eight Classess Arranged by Nubchen Sangye Yeshe' (Russian
Edition,
2001) and some online sources.
2

There are many different kinds of gzhi bdag: sa bdag, Sadag, who dwell in the earth, the
Lu who dwell in the water, the btsan, Tsan who reside in the rocks, the gnyan, Nyen
who stay in the intermediary space (between heaven and Earth), the gzhi bdag who live on
passes, the gzhi bdag who stay on narrow ledges, others who live on boats and bridges, others
who dwell on roads (those are called lam lha - 'the road gods').
klu,

Kimnara: mi am ci: heavenly musicians, another name for Gandharva, creatures with horseheads and human bodies.
4

vina - instument similiar to guitar

Gandharvas: dri za - a class of beings 'feeding on smells', dwelling in space, also called
'heavenly musicians'.
6
Yaksha: snod sbyin, 'the evil-doer', the class of demons living in the mountains, in
particular in the higher parts, who can, if not pleased, eat the travellers, they are the
servants of Kuvera and guardians of his treasures.
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