Professional Documents
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This work is sponsored by the Department of the Air Force under Air Force Contract
FA8721-05-C-0002. The opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are
those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government
GE092111U-600A.ai
Fre
que
ncy
Spectrum Holes
Time
Cognitive radios allow you to operate in unused portions of spectrum
GE092111U-101A
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
Cognitive Cycle
Transmitted
Signal
Radio
Environment
RF
Stimuli
Spectrum
Mobility
Decision
Request
Spectrum
Sharing
GE092111U-602AA.ai
Primary User
Detection
Spectrum
Characterization
Spectrum
Sensing
Spectrum
Hole
Spectrum
Decision
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
Cognitive Cycle
Transmitted
Signal
Radio
Environment
RF
Stimuli
Spectrum
Mobility
Decision
Request
Spectrum
Sharing
GE092111U-602AA.ai
Primary User
Detection
Spectrum
Characterization
Spectrum
Sensing
Spectrum
Hole
Focus of
This Talk
Spectrum
Decision
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
Outline
GE092111U-102A
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
Motivation
Existing Software Defined Radio (SDR) systems take too long
to perform spectrum sensing
Software spectrum sensing involves transmitting data to and
from the host computer which adds latency and processing time
Moving spectrum sensing closer to the receiver reduces
latency and makes real time spectrum sensing feasible
ts
Sensing Cycle: Ts = ts + T
GE092111U-103A
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
Project Goals
GE092111U-104A
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
Outline
GE092111U-102A
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
Introducing CRUSH
Cognitive Radio Universal Software Hardware (CRUSH)
Xilinx ML605
FPGA Board
Ettus USRP
N210
Custom
Interface
Board
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
GE092111U-106A
GE092111U-107A
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
GE092111U-108A
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
Outline
GE092111U-102A
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
GE092111U-109A
Frequency
Report
Data
Boolean
Amplitude
Time
Apply
Threshold
Amplitude (dB)
Perform
FFT
Amplitude (dB)
Receive
RF Data
Frequency
Frequency
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
Host
Digital Up
Converter
(DUC)
Host
Control Logic
Frequency Selection
IF
IF
Digital Down
Converter
(DDC)
USRP
RF
RF
System Diagram
Spectrum Sensing without CRUSH
ADC
Radio
DAC Data
Transmitter
Receiver
FFT
GE092111U-110AA
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
USRP
Digital Up
Converter
(DUC)
Host
Control Logic
Frequency Selection
IF
IF
Digital Down
Converter
(DDC)
Host
RF
RF
System Diagram
Spectrum Sensing with CRUSH
Radio
DAC Data
Transmitter
Receiver
FFT
ADC Data
ADC
FIFO
Samples
FFT
Freq Bins
Threshold
Detector
Freq Bins
Frequency
Status
Accumulator
ML605
Control Logic
ML605
GE092111U-110AA
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
Advantages of CRUSH
Ability to process received data in real time
FPGA: Parallel clock driven data bus
Host: Serial packetized data
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
Outline
GE092111U-102A
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
USRP
ML605
Host
GE092111U-112A
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
X: 3.086e+007
Y: 0
-10
-10
-20
-30
Amplitude (dBc)
Amplitude (dBc)
-20
-40
-50
-30
-40
-50
-60
-60
-70
-70
-80
X: 3.1e+007
Y: 0
10
GE092111U-113A
20
30
Frequency in MHz
40
50
-80
15
20
25
30
Frequency in MHz
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
35
ADC Data
ADC
FIFO
Host
Digital Up
Converter
(DUC)
USRP
Control Logic
IF
Digital Down
Converter
(DDC)
RF
USRP
Radio
DAC Data
ML605
Control Logic
Samples
Host
Control Logic
Frequency Selection
IF
RF
Transmitter
Receiver
FFT
FFT
Timers
ML605
GE092111U-114A
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
ADC Data
ADC
Host
Digital Up
Converter
(DUC)
USRP
Control Logic
IF
Digital Down
Converter
(DDC)
RF
USRP
Host
Control Logic
Frequency Selection
Radio
IF
RF
DAC Data
Transmitter
Receiver
FFT
ML605
Control Logic
Samples
FFT
Timers
ML605
GE092111U-115AA
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
ADC Data
ADC
Host
Digital Up
Converter
(DUC)
USRP
Control Logic
IF
Digital Down
Converter
(DDC)
RF
USRP
Host
Control Logic
Frequency Selection
Radio
IF
RF
DAC Data
Transmitter
Receiver
FFT
ML605
Control Logic
Samples
FFT
Timers
ML605
GE092111U-115AA
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
ADC Data
ADC
Host
Digital Up
Converter
(DUC)
USRP
Control Logic
IF
Digital Down
Converter
(DDC)
RF
USRP
Host
Control Logic
Frequency Selection
Radio
IF
RF
DAC Data
Transmitter
Receiver
FFT
ML605
Control Logic
Samples
FFT
Timers
ML605
GE092111U-115AA
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
ADC Data
ADC
Host
Digital Up
Converter
(DUC)
USRP
Control Logic
IF
Digital Down
Converter
(DDC)
RF
USRP
Host
Control Logic
Frequency Selection
Radio
IF
RF
DAC Data
Transmitter
Receiver
FFT
ML605
Control Logic
Samples
FFT
Timers
ML605
GE092111U-115AA
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
ADC Data
ADC
Host
Digital Up
Converter
(DUC)
USRP
Control Logic
IF
Digital Down
Converter
(DDC)
RF
USRP
Host
Control Logic
Frequency Selection
Radio
IF
RF
DAC Data
Transmitter
Receiver
FFT
ML605
Control Logic
Samples
FFT
Timers
ML605
GE092111U-115AA
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
ADC Data
ADC
Host
Digital Up
Converter
(DUC)
USRP
Control Logic
IF
Digital Down
Converter
(DDC)
RF
USRP
Host
Control Logic
Frequency Selection
Radio
IF
RF
DAC Data
Transmitter
Receiver
FFT
ML605
Control Logic
Samples
FFT
Timers
ML605
GE092111U-115AA
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
ADC Data
ADC
Host
Digital Up
Converter
(DUC)
USRP
Control Logic
IF
Digital Down
Converter
(DDC)
RF
USRP
Host
Control Logic
Frequency Selection
Radio
IF
RF
DAC Data
Transmitter
Receiver
FFT
ML605
Control Logic
Samples
FFT
Timers
ML605
GE092111U-115AA
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
270 ns
2560 ns
Clocks
Time (s)
Start Test
27
0.27
0.27
FFT Starts
All Data inside FPGA
27
256
0.27
2.56
0
2.83
FFT Complete
941
9.41
6.58
Total
941
9.41
9.41
Action
GE092111U-116A
9410 ns
Incremental (s)
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
FPGA
Average (s)
Host
Average (s)
Speed-up ()
1.17
907.72
774
16
1.91
915.89
479
32
64
2.38
3.56
920.07
925.47
386
259
128
256
5.47
9.56
17.23
916.54
167
1198.19
1003.83
125
58
32.84
63.55
955.30
995.26
29
15
125.24
1071.79
512
1024
2048
4096
GE092111U-117AA
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
FPGA
Average (s)
Host
Average (s)
Speed-up ()
1.17
907.72
774
16
1.91
915.89
479
32
64
2.38
3.56
920.07
925.47
386
259
128
256
5.47
9.56
17.23
916.54
167
1198.19
1003.83
125
58
32.84
63.55
955.30
995.26
29
15
125.24
1071.79
512
1024
2048
4096
GE092111U-117AA
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
Conclusion
GE092111U-118A
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
Future Work
GE092111U-119A
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y
Questions?
Questions?
Miriam Leeser
mel@coe.neu.edu
Kaushik Chowdhury
krc@ece.neu.edu
http://www.coe.neu.edu/Research/rcl/index.php
http://indigo.ece.neu.edu/~krc/#research
George Eichinger
eichinger.g@husky.neu.edu
GE092111U-120A
NORTHEASTERN
U N I V E R S I T Y