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BREAKING: SEMVInterpretationofStatutes&PrinciplesofLegislationUnitVClassNotes

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ClassNotesonFamilyLawIIUnitIV(2ndSem/3year

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ClassNotes

WrittenbyLawJournal | November21,2012 | 0

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WillandInheritance:WillMeaning,DifferencebetweenWillandGift

Advocates&

WillsinMohammedanLaw

Judges

Awillisthedeclarationbytheownerastohowhispropertyistobedistributedafterhisdeath.

ExpertCyberLawyer
FreeHelponCyberLaw.

Polls

advocatesactclass
notesadvocatesact
essaysadvocatesact
lawstudynotes
advocatesactllb
syllabusAlternate
DisputeResolution

class

Awilltakeseffectonthetestatorsdeathandmayberevokedatanytimebeforehisdeath.

Asubsequentwillshallimpliedlyrevokethepreviouswill.

notescriminallaw

EssentialsofavalidWill
1. Itshouldbelawfullymadeandshouldexistatthetimetimeofthelegatorsdeath.

lawlawstudynotes

2. AccordingtoMuslimlaw,Willcanbemadeorallyorbycleargesturesandtheyarevalid.

criminallawllbsyllabus

3. Thelegatorsintentiontomakethewill

environmentallaw
classnotes

4. TermsandconditionsoftheWill

environmentallaw

5. PrecisionoftheWill

essaysenvironmental
lawlawstudynotes
environmentallawllb

6. Awrittenwillneednotbeformalbutfulfillthefollowingconditions:
1. Thelegatorsclearintentionshouldbeproved

syllabus

2. Hissignatureisnotessential

Featured

3. IftheWillissigned,itneednotbeattested

insurancelaw
insurancelawanswers
insurancelawclass
notesinsurancelaw
pptsinsurancelaws

Constitutional
Law

AnyMohammedan,maleorfemalecompleted18yearsandofsoundmindcanexecuteawill.
UndertheShiaLaw,apersonhastakenpoisontocommitsuicidecannotmakeawill.

lawessayscriminal

subject?

Revocationneednotbeexpress.

bankinglaw

classnotescriminal

Whichisyourfavorite

TheWillsinMuslimLawresemblesimilartothePrivilegedWilloftheIndianSuccessionAct.

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Code
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Property
CyberLaw
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Other

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LLBTuition
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Thewillisrevocablebythetestatorandso,theWillwhichisnotrevokedafterbeingmade,isenforceable.

TuitionforLLBLaw

Revocationcanbedoneonlybythelegatorduringhislifetimeandnotbyhisheirsorafterhisdeath.

subjectsisavailablein
Bangalore.

RevocationofaWillbythelegatormaybeexpressorimpliedbythelegatorsconduct.

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essaysjurisprudence

AsubsequentsaleorgiftofthepropertybequeathedWillamounttorevocationoftheWill.

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Ifalegatorbequeathsacertainpropertytoaparticularpersonandlaterbequeathsittoanotherperson,then
thelatteramountstorevocationoftheformerWill.

PleasecontributeyourLaw
Notes,LawQuestion

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UndertheHanafilaw,ifthelegateediesbeforethelegator,thentheWilllapses.InHanafiLaw,insucha

jurisprudencellb

papers,LawCaseBriefs,

case,thefollowingrulesshallapply:

LawNewsAnalysis,or

kslu

syllabus

Afterthelegateesdeath,thelegatorcanrevoketheWill

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IfthelegatordoesnotrevokethWill,itwillpassontolegateesheirs.

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otherusefulmaterialfor
fellowstudents.Write&
Helpthecommunity.

Ifthelegateehasnoheir,theWillshalllapse

GeneralRulesofMohammedanLawofInheritance

essayslabourlawlaw

TheMohammedanLawofInheritanceisasystemofinheritance.Itimposesarestrictionuponthetestatorto

studynoteslabourlaw

bequeathonly1/3rdbyWill.Therest2/3rdofthepropertyisavailabletotheheirs.Thetestatorcannot

llbsyllabuslaw

bequeath1/3rdofhispropertytoanyheir,andsuchabequeathisvoidifotherheirsdonotconsenttoitafter

answerslaw

thetestatorsdeath.

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ClassNotesonFamilyLawIIUnitIV(2ndSem/3yearLL.B)|GRRLawJournal
TheonlycriticismsoftheLawofInheritanceinMohammedanLawisthatitcreatesfragmentationofthe
estateanditbecomesuneconomicaltodivideagriculturallands.
1. Applicability
2. Heritableproperty
3. Nojointfamily

publicinternationallaw

4. Noruleofprimogeniture

studynotes

5. Transferofspessuccessionis

whatisadvocatesact

6. Estoppel

whatiscriminallaw
whatisenvironmental

7. Nodisabilityforfemaleheirs

lawwhatis

8. Lifeestateandvestedremainder

jurisprudencewhatis
labourlaw

9. Vestedinheritance
10. Principleofrepresentation
11. Exclusionfrominheritance

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ContingentandConditionalBequests

Willmadeindeathbedorduringillness

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SubscribethroughaRSS

Whenapersoncreates/makesagiftoutofanapprehensionofimminentdeathanddies

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later,itiscalledDeathBedGift.Inotherwords,ifapersonmakesagiftduringillnessand

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dieslater,itiscalledDeathBedGiftorMarzUlMaut.

Itissubjecttotworestrictions:
(i)disqualificationofheirand
(ii)propertydisposedofshouldnotexceed1/3ofthenetassets.Theserestrictionsmayberelaxedwiththe
consentoftheheirs.
TheDeathBedGiftisvalidonlywhenthedonordiesofillnessduringwhichthewillwasmade.

EssentialsofDeathBedGift:
1. Theremustheanapprehensionastoimmediatedeath.
2. Suchfearofdeathmustbesubjective
3. Theillnessmustnotbeforalongperiodtomakethepatientusedtoit.
4. Toeffectthetransferofproperty,bywayofgiftinanticipationofdeath.
5. Mereapprehensionofdeathastooldageisnotsufficient.
TransferofPropertySection129dealswithDeathBedGiftorDonatioMortisCausa.
IndianSuccessionAct,1925Section191dealswithDeathBedGiftwithregardtomovableproperty.
Examplesofdeathillness:Pneumonia,Gallopingconsumption,rapidconsumption,etc.

MuslimlawofInheritanceShiaandSunnischools
ShiaLaw
HanafiorSunnyLawofInheritance
HibaorMohammedanLawofGift

DistributionofpropertyunderIndianSuccessionActof1925(OfChristians,Parsis
andJews)
DomicileSec.422oftheIndianSuccessionAct,1925
Introduction
IndianSuccessionAct,1925isbasedonfewofenactmentssuchastheIndianSuccessionAct,1865,Hindu
WillsAct,1870,theProbateandAdministrationAct,1881.

Section4.ApplicationofPart.ThisPartshallnotapplyifthedeceasedwasaHindu,
Muhammadan,Buddhist,SikhorJaina.

IndianSuccessionActisapplicabletopersonsofIndiandomicileasgovernedbyprovisionsSec.5to19of
theAct.However,theActisnotapplicableifthedeceasedwasaHindu,Mohammedan,Budhist,SikhorJain.
IntestateSuccessionoftheActarenotapplicabletoparsis.
TheobjectoftheIndianSuccessionActistoconsolidatetheIndianlawsrelatingtosuccession,asthethen
existingstatuesandotherenactmentswerenotcertainandtheywererepugnanttooneanother.
DomicilemeanstherelationshipbetweenapersonandaStatefordeterminingthepersonalstatusandthe

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lawapplicabletosuchapersoninthematterofmajority,marriage,divorce,andsuccession.
ForthepurposeofIndianSuccessionAct,fordealingwiththesuccession,thedomicileisessential.

Section5.Lawregulatingsuccessiontodeceasedpersonsimmoveableand
moveableproperty,respectively.
(1)SuccessiontotheimmoveablepropertyinIndiaofapersondeceasedshallbe
regulatedbythelawofIndia,whereversuchpersonmayhavehadhisdomicileatthetime
ofhisdeath.
(2)Successiontothemoveablepropertyofapersondeceasedisregulatedbythelawof
thecountryinwhichsuchpersonhadhisdomicileatthetimeofhisdeath.

Propertiesaredividedintotwotypesnamely,movableandimmovableproperties.Themovablepropertyis
governedbythelawofsuccessionofthecountryinwhichthedeceasedhadhisdomicileatthetimeofhis
death.
However,asfarasimmovablepropertiesareconcerned,therulesofsuccessionaregovernedbythelawof
theplacewherethepropertyissituated.Domicileofthepersonatthetimeofhisdeathisimmaterial.
Illustrations
(i)A,havinghisdomicileinIndia,diesinFrance,leavingmoveablepropertyinFrance,moveablepropertyin
England,andproperty,bothmoveableandimmoveable,inIndia.Thesuccessiontothewholeisregulated
bythelawofIndia.
(ii)A,anEnglishman,havinghisdomicileinFrance,diesinIndia,andleavesproperty,bothmoveableand
immoveable,inIndia.Thesuccessiontothemoveablepropertyisregulatedbytheruleswhichgovern,in
France,thesuccessiontothemoveablepropertyofanEnglishmandyingdomiciledinFrance,andthe
successiontotheimmoveablepropertyisregulatedbythelawofIndia.

RulesofDomicile
Onlyonedomicileisallowedforaperson.
Therecannotbeapersonwithoutadomicile.
Domicilehastwoessentialfactors.Suchas:
a.FactumofResidence:Physicalhabitationforanindefiniteperiod.
b.Animus:Presentintentiontoresideforanindefiniteperiod.

TypesofDomicile
1.DomicilebybirthorDomicileoforigin

Section7.Domicileoforiginofpersonoflegitimatebirth.Thedomicileoforiginofevery
personoflegitimatebirthisinthecountryinwhichatthetimeofhisbirthhisfatherwas
domiciledor,ifheisaposthumouschild,inthecountryinwhichhisfatherwasdomiciled
atthetimeofthefathersdeath.

Illustration
AtthetimeofthebirthofA,hisfatherwasdomiciledinEngland.AsdomicileoforiginisinEngland,whatever
maybethecountryinwhichhewasborn.

2.DomicilebyChoice

Section10.Acquisitionofnewdomicile.Amanacquiresanewdomicilebytakinguphis
fixedhabitationinacountrywhichisnotthatofhisdomicileoforigin.

Explanation.AmanisnottobedeemedtohavetakenuphisfixedhabitationinIndiamerelybyreasonof
hisresidingthereinthecivil,military,navalorairforceserviceofGovernment,orintheexerciseofany
professionorcalling.
Acquisitionofdomicileinaforeigncountrywherehehasresidedpermanentlywiththeintentionofliving
therepermanently.AppointmentasAmbassador,Consulinaforeigncountrydoesnotconstitutedomicileof
choice.

Rulesofdomicileregardingcertainpersons
1.Minor

Section14.Minorsdomicile.Thedomicileofaminorfollowsthedomicileoftheparent
fromwhomhederivedhisdomicileoforigin.

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Section17.Minorsacquisitionofnewdomicile.Saveashereinbeforeotherwise
providedinthisPart,personcannot,duringminority,acquireanewdomicile.

Minorcanhaveonlydomicileofbirthandnotchoice.Inthecaseoflegitimateminor,thedomicileoftheminor
isthatofhisfatherandinthecaseofillegitimateminor,itishismothers.Ifthedomicileofthemotheris
changed,thenthedomicileoftheminorisalsochangedautomatically.

2.Woman

Section15.Domicileacquiredbywomanonmarriage.Bymarriageawomanacquires
thedomicileofherhusband,ifshehadnotthesamedomicilebefore.
Section16.Wifesdomicileduringmarriage.Awifesdomicileduringhermarriage
followsthedomicileofherhusband.

Aminorfemalecanhavedomicileofherparentsonly.Aftermarriage,herdomicileisthatofherhusband.If
sheisaunmarriedmajor,shecanchangethedomicileasperherwillandpleasure.Thedomicileofthe
divorcedwomandoesnotfollowthedomicileofherdivorcedhusband.

3.Illegitimatechild

Section8.Domicileoforiginofillegitimatechild.Thedomicileoforiginofanillegitimate
childisinthecountryinwhich,atthetimeofhisbirth,hismotherwasdomiciled.

Thedomicileoftheillegitimatechildisthatofitsmother.Afterattainingmajority,itcanchangethedomicileas
perthewillandpleasure.Iftheillegitimatechildisawoman,afterhermarriage,shegetsthedomicileofher
husband.

4.Lunatic

Section18.Lunaticsacquisitionofnewdomicile.Aninsanepersoncannotacquirea
newdomicileinanyotherwaythanbyhisdomicilefollowingthedomicileofanother
person.

Alunaticcannotchangethedomicile.Ifalunaticisamarriedwoman,herdomicileisthatofherhusband.A
lunaticcanhaveonlydomicileoforigin,unlessitischangedbytheguardian,orparentsorhusband.

Procedureforacquiringdomicile
SectionIIoftheIndianSuccessionActprescribesthemodeofacquiringdomicileinIndia.

Declaration
ThepersonwishingtoacquirethedomicileofIndiashoulddeclarehisintentioninwriting.

Deposit
SuchdeclarationinwritingmustbedepositedwiththeRegistrarofDomiciles,whoisappointedbythe
GovernmentofIndiaforthispurpose.

Residence
ThepersonmakingsuchdeclarationanddepositmusthaveresidedinIndiaforatleastoneyearpriortothe
dateofpresentationofthedeclarationfordepositingwiththeRegistrarofDomiciles.

ParsisIntestatesuccessionandNonParsis
Intestatesuccession
Successioncertificate
Probateandlettersofadministration,powersanddutiesofexecutor

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