General Relativity Formulary

1) Differential geometry

4) Static isotropic spacetime

Metric connection (Christoffel symbols)

1
g ( g + g g ) .
2

Covariant derivative

ds2 = B(r)dt2 A(r)dr2 r2 d2 + sin2 d2 .

The corresponding Geodesic equations

V ; = V , + V

B0
t +
tr = 0
B
1 B 0 2 1 A0 2
r
r sin2 2
r +
t +
r 2
=0
2A
2A
A
A
2
+ r sin cos 2 = 0
r
2
+ r + 2 cot = 0,
r

V; = V, V .
Riemann curvature tensor
R + ,
or, with the first index lowered
R = g R


1 2
2
2
2
=
g +
g
g
g
2


+ g .

4.1) Schwarzschild solution

B(r) = 1

Ricci tensor and Ricci scalar

R R ,

R g R .

A(r) = B 1 (r).

Motion in Schwarzschild solution



Bianchi identities

A(r)

R; + R; + R; = 0 .

2) General Relativity

2GM
,
r

2

J2
J2
1
m2
+

E 2 r4 E 2 r2 B(r)
E2
m2 B 2 (r) 2
d
J
d 2 =
dt , r2
= B(r)
E2
dt
E

dr
d

Radial equation for a massive particle

Geodesic equations

d2 x
dx dx
+

=0,

dp2
dp dp

1
2

dr
d

2

1
+
2




2GM
J 2 /m2
E2
1
1+
=
r
r2
2m2

where p = for a massive particle and p = x0 for a

Radial equation for a massless particle (d = B(r)dt)
massless particle.
 2

 2
1
1
dr
2GM
J
1
T is the energy-momentum tensor given by
+
1
=
2
2
2 d
2
r
E r
2
2 Smatter
T
.
g g
Variation of the determinant of the metric
g = g g g = g g g .

5) Numerical values
G = 6.67 1011 m3 kg1 s2
M ' 2 1030 kg, r ' 7 105 km

3) Energy-momentum tensor of point-particle

T

m
=
g

Z
d

dz dz 4
(x z( )) .
d d

M ' 6 1024 kg, r ' 6000 km

MN S ' 2M , rN S ' 12 km