Introduction Part:
‘Actually Existing Cosmopolitanism
Bruce Robbins
Something bas happened to cesopobtan. Iba a ae ca of che
tet athe past the tem bas been appi often venereal, “wo Chi
tm, acistctat, merchant, ew, homorenals an nelle" Now
‘sated, one chiral co North ni merchant srs, Caibean
1 pie the United Staten, Egyptian guest works i len, Jopanese
Seema wo take grin lovers ames Clio popons that the “tn
Ceneen” soul ong am be scored the "ost f servants, eles
meio, ie, beers, et” who mae Vitra tel pnb, a
Shad ther on “specie cosmopolitan wpa”
"Tis change ln pronnc plese changes Acetn, Undernod
Sane devicon to the interes of himsnty 3 » whole, comin
‘nis hn often seed chm unter by vit oft independence,
is detachment fr th boode, cmt nd flations hat corn
élory ste boun! ves Ibs eed 1 be «hcl fe ota
‘fom above. Bvt mny wes nw ist, with Pal Raton, ta he
{eit shoul be extended to transutiona experiences tat sre particle
rather than unc and that we unpeeed—Indeed, often coerced Com
‘mopoitanien shold be dined, Rabin wes, an ethos of tr-n-
Se epee the arta oi ite aces ese aT
the napus ad partclatief laces, charset, store Ue
ove ad te Following i ead, Arjan pad als For atop
‘og stad the xp Rabon 1980) carl Fr ofthe on
temporary world witht gale csonsoplly pesuposing either the
thot ofthe Western expenece a the modes dered em tha exper
‘ce Renita ary ares that “he lhl flows of taste elu
ali have pradced "an emergent pce comncpltanien.~ Arnel
rat place theculane of Native Ameren whi "the prec a cosmo
puta tert which the peojecion feted nat the lee of
‘he iver rtht, tthe ee of he ner toa"? Dad Hain
‘p= and Michell Caen both describe their efered frm of cosmepol
‘are “ted Homi Blab quae ss vermaculn The st cod
Include she petal Ain commopoiiis scsi hs eke by
‘is Ong and Lois Schein a wel a the specially Aran cone
‘poltanims dics by Kiam Antony Appia nd Sete Mcomwon?Ung thee mak a change the consoquences of wehich nem both
Sinica eargh and ambos enough to warrant Frther ini. The
“yey od idea of the csmapotan,”in Matha Nusbaum’ wud, refed
tothe person whee allepce et the worldwide community of ban
ting" Accrington there could he aly one tartan,
for thire i only ne “were commrnity of human beings” Kan
rca of cosmopolian pit of ew lent perp peace could ths
eink nly ar deat renertin of Grech or Ealighenment value, of
[Earepean) piosphil nivenalion. In ths seme the term seemed to
cifera clear contrast ont
"Novo oe from the new se, that comnsemsl opponition
re longer nevident. Uke ations, eumelanin are noe ple and
‘ator: Like ation they are eth European ted noe repens, nd they
ie weak and underdeveloped aswell a stong and prvleged. And asin ke
the nation, cosmopltanism i tern etl a abtat elke
ing one's neighbor ss onesel but ait thought ad fcking tht havea
ready shaped and oo shape by paso llc, eat ae scaly
fd epranhly tted once tiie an empawere Ditl a|
leimay be to nuke a plu fr “cosa,” now asumed me ad more
that world, like nto, come in ferent sce and spe. Like tions,
srl to te “igined°™! Pr Etter or wore, there a going conser
‘ithat osmopolanisn sometines works gether ith maton rate
{ann oppotion oi tits es clea what cosmopolitan opposed
tovocwhat Aras nuppned to be
‘Ses osmopetani sn aig sk Unt no en the ene
res of coxopelinism ave ben eager to stunt it, Coxmopoltaisns
rca, on the ther id, have mon often Fl oie wo hep uno
‘eed inorder to preserve it sha rel ed, ot well te pies
‘Given white cl of embed Interests has made ofthe word thee
always some seductvenss nls for ansatonal aus, however d=
‘onboded and unworthy may sand: Recently, moreover, plalsopicl
sme ro entrain are rte wh Yegetns, eg
with them rnewedascy of cosmopolitan in he oer sense. But
‘most of he voles bere here take asthe sky and perpesag ocasion
at contributor Scott Malcomen cil actly exiting” concrpel-
fin, They ta f frm sable sings: em, that ry corel
tunes ormatve or Healing per racer the atl stor
‘al and geographic contents frm which ft emer, an, second, ht sich
fn ichnoedgment edo prove atl, Or, opt le nth,
the author of these enya concede tht commopobtaan ated dem
eek eek meee eer ee
SmI tH. Ezping geo ev Grmoptunana, they patio i
‘nd conment on the tr scaling doen, plaraling aid perticularing
‘As Arma Arden ote, the ret thi aubplloopicl arn is both
rove modes and mote words
“Anche way tap he contra oy tht nated fan elf
tschmentsctlyexting camultanian fa realty of (eatchent
ripe stacment, oe atachment a 9 dstnce In dicasion of Bi
Abst monks and ems, the eegaper YEFW Ran disguises ei
‘my between cosmopbians, tase niferent co where he lived and
‘nmopoles, habitants of vast universe catheter, sense of pos
ie eee ne ioe ge el Ties eee cae
theres athe 5 simple a» coke her. Habitation tht complex ane
‘ripe i ley shot though oth unavoable itances and ine
ences wth comprtion and crigue; ye i does no thereby ase to he |
trode of belonging,
To embare thistle of rsience on earth (Pla Nera’ phen)
mein rpoting the romantic Ica of a ceran parton ofthe kei,
rhc fete mut counter capital lbaltng ith stro rote
td exchsive sor of belonging Feat in The Nation devote the
“hse foal.” we te, for example, “The mth of baton
is that we no lnger ned to be comeced «pce om the eo"? The
evan covered over by complacent lk of goblin of cour
‘er real Bat precy keore ts re we camo be content se gst
onl the chsh exsurance of elo to" place. The inden at
tle ili. Ys, eae coomete te the exth—but oo 0 pce
‘on spl dsl event the sarong we sce when we open
ye, We are connected to all ot of pie, cally aot abeays one
‘eu chang may tha veneer tele tht we have pr
as ony see on cleeson—inclding the pice where the teens el
seis minfactaed. Re fgets how le progress hat bee
rade in tuning ini determining ad ofen expletive connections
nwo conscious and eet ones, bv far we ra from string the
sons of lege, ei, an son tht might po eth complex and
utp loging Buc thi work ta I 0 dane We shold ote
Pethap cannot acept te od cosmopolitan eal of wanscenng the di
‘incon betwen srrges an ends tile all depend on wbst Blanche
Dalal the Kindness of range. Les tan kin renip bt pod
esl mice thon pole orinnocetnoneation, designating eld hee thanderi this phrase sae wy of deer the test and initatin of.
Ferd by casopolse
“The most general frm ofthe cate apiast cosmopolitan onthe ft
the assumption tat ops ote the bade of one's ston, whether by
‘yea evel merely by cought and feingr entrained wie one
stays at home 9 sallow in 9 peieged and response detachment
‘Whats are in act cain of waccese detachment fom te ee
fog hence rm the responsi Ut engages hole pron, nt 3 sm
time spctatr fom eons hence fom the contency 2 eich
ane would be sponsor conten, ence fron seit pla
acon’ The cosmopobtan i edt be incapable of parca athe
taking of history, doomed othe mecesestetic spectator that he
she sao held erty to peler Fora ition iat wel cde Grams
Fanon, though in each ease th interesting campos, cosmapaltan
\denication th the human race serves a he thi, abstract, aneinble
maths to» re loded,potallyenpaed nationals. The enon
rer a Gopl Burhan remarks of Bondi: Andersen, “ht the
‘pring of oll stn sre antl conte nthe patho of atonal
sees." Indeed, Anderom sows bow the very concept of police
‘develop nreation tothe torte. Ca» primary concern with inter
‘ete nt defined by or rete othe sto tate even conte pole?
Iti pets ctncdence that Anderson and Richard Ro, bath eo
eat defenders of atonal, fave each epresate the absence of gr
‘hnefesing or ating on tanta sae athe abeece of any
se he ton thats worth ig for: The ation aes the pce of rein,
coming ‘Ue most unvesallyletinate aie ache plea of ou
‘ime, Anderson ss, because people are wing to defor it. But would
ye mk the te crt om bel of «sprint ition?
“Who he sk pied “wil willy de for Comecon othe EEC le
sami en, Rory pus th under the Naas, tise who ike cee es
to sve Jews ds ess because they considered the ews flow Iman be
np thn cae, tthe th he parle lew ioe, they belonged
10 same salle cel youping these city or neighbor oes
son. The terms of rescue ae alas more puchal tha “hasan bet
they werk oly within the bounds of “etinacentist,” Coron humane
taotwek a force to generate cen sla
eek ae ee i eter aerate
‘bers! da Martha Nuss angus in For Lave of Contry, Fr eat
le, tht there indeed omer fel ¢ the pias level of ha
‘nai. For Norman Gers, tone wi reseed ews fon the Nai thereby
puting ther wales ingrve danger, dl 0 pei because they the
Jews ot fellow man being. Alvis Langer hd two Fish excapees
fem nary Mathnsen in February 1945 bees, she sd, “The Lard
Gol for the whole werd, ot ely fr the Germans" The sem i
the parity Between the fev who dis nd the many wh dd not. Why
were theres few? When des the exception became a tatiially sini
trl? Howe do we pt rm a toma”
“The abc category ofthe hun sens ss pernent these ques
tio than the mea, cmpromized particularity of Langthae special
Curia cosmopolitan of to mention Eorpe’s more recent geome,
the pa-Laimic coumopolianie hat came othe a of te Bosins wes
the Chtian er secular West ted stk ad wet abouts une
[Ain in recent Calla dapat about Propostion 187, which denies
fahts to undocumented smmiarint, Lind 5. Boi es “the est
Ceniplet mission frm the ube dst fone patel oping 5
rent hic mig hae aceed, thea evs ane to make; tl
the armen hat Prop. 17 shod be eet on the gous ht is rea
tment of ucocimented ales is nj to the aliens thera. The one
‘man exception, Bik dectes, was church bec opions*" Adding,
tothe wut acm agent (ha "United States ia Ll perma
rent raidents of color woul be either lily or isthe eneated.
bythe itive’: provisos") aed at “aot ce undecumented rami
ruts themes bit cae of nto” wold he clara bared,
they and the lone reused 2 accept “the eatinal community a he pe
dlrinantcomrauity of ecraive concern Anjo fafa with sl
tay movements cn bea of Latin Amercn icin of U.S Cold War
Poy slope the speci ch based cnsoptann at wok ete
Gers gues move convecngly asin the asumption da soldat
rms somehow stp short a one's atonal Borders
Yo te an Weide he i of hi "cman wih en
‘ene ler rhe ih ae oo ty
(Ore, fo ren fi, cn el th hana nd he oe
inj Ameria whoeer Rs nat ee he the gi
‘ont thst nhs mater he ements wl 0
fetistesscaber Fern rel lie ilo pls"
“Thin is bth ih and woo, gt in that yu cn sa es thea
ton, you can ls sy yes to units lager than he nation. Ihe premserely sean not eifference in Kin then why nf oxmopalcnam
‘wee reilly to hg, then the maton would he eo big wel
"But Cera isang, | hi thtthe ger uit ced at be aman
fy" the alsa The wings vo eons the wel ing of pepe
who do ot belong to the same ation yi oy ther words, sme
{hing thats mystesionly pee by the simple Tact af belonging to the
man species, Larger lyaics ca either te there or at be thee. They
fave to be bl up Ibaiwsly ot of the perfect Retrial tec
suche and morgue, commercial interests and migra dass
‘mental about hungry chen and echnrapete er digital coma
‘ication that ae already at had. They do aa std ose sty hea
imate cour of spea. As Rr ares in i contbuin to hiya,
eee eee eee er
word something category distin fem vay the ves moc
kn to act th.” Tere sony scale flys, and nee oes well.
fea hope that whit makes you loyal t a alle rep may pve you
ee eee eee
Inte beceme uly oy, perhap ven moe ya”
Tabor, Rory vw of slaty ism aly ence, thou
thar ise calc Isom wth cosmapltanisn nthe ar
lar oractaly exiting sese The ane tre of Benedict Ander ew
of rtm. For Andere, to, there ses to be tite Feeling
‘ute te ation But hides ot nf fll rom hi preies,Fee
fg pec wicin «bounded sdinatie nto 2 matin se,
tuts Andersons argument iin the bund thermal tat do the pro:
lacing. Ad the techno and inttuton thet do roduc stole
Ingo ei arses and incrensngy a a tasnatinal sale, Anderson's
linking of ana tpn’ in generl and tothe newspaper
In prclr ites comparison withthe description of he pres tha eras
ein Toni faous Genicot oa Gerlich (1887), Tinie
‘esis the pes the veal truest” of "palo, pate
‘unser power” tit
scott onimesee pen the mea oes a the
‘Si sent Vliet, he pro conned win sat ede,
nf sted porte dees ator, hs
ape tthe pom egy remanent alone of at
thre econ ins to al he rly
ote sd tae fr sale wed pul, coven eth the
oid ht, which wd ely hikers, cha tae
‘con depen henna oernn her th theyre
W Anderson ses the pes ar quintessential atonal, Toe sees it
2 quintementally i lao nghtritiy—conmopoltan, The sme exces
tf human lations Beyer! face-to-face contact” x eset by one a the
‘ery emence of the maton, bythe ther the tet of i atemston and
Callas, One writer's warn, xmotnal atonalon the ters chy
osdaiticcosmopaltanism. But sth comvon attention to the pees
‘nets, the cl hat nas feels outside the al ou aswel be re=
fed thin andthe warmth ht Anderson else he rath can
jan awl be extended beyond Andere apis off the ntonaling of
fect of he print ecology” Rechard Marl ober, fom the capt
stnaturein which arene and to which thas een ted ever ce.” Ar are:
ful "we af lett fond or urs we wan Condes est
th tenon inherent na tchnnog tha tone ies comamuniate 2
‘on oe national while sooner te searching for ways to make inter
‘ation IF people can et 3 eatin as Anderson sy they do ahout
felstins with fellow national they never st fcewofae, then no ct
Fintan he Bao electronic ad dtl capital and ow cat
{hs wate a0 cel transnational wou be strange f poled nt
fete nuk the ame wy I ot neces eo the sae degree,
ou others who ae at low rations, people Bou to the by some
‘tannin sore of Flowship. One need pono father in seach fe
ence es Bolashnan remark, tan Anderton's own este, elon —
aly conser worth ying Fry many yt so at least at corpo
{nee is tional ™|
“Thi why, acordag to Arun Appa," may be ine to rethink
mop, ptr dete eal othe hyphen between ne
‘ho a! ae, nd tallow the mater problens we fce—the deft, the
Contec, era ngs ot ip la lel od
nd leas for which we would be will ean die. Some af ws may
ill want to lead defo the Uned States. But many ofthese nee
overeities ate ner poster"
‘ade’ “it