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Rebecca Robinson
Professor Cynthia Hamlett
English 101
23 July 2015
Lung and Leukemia Cancer: An Annotated Bibliography
Harris, P. Russel Starting a New Discussion About Screening for Lung Cancer Journal
of the American Medical Association 4 (2015): 717-718. Print
Earlier studies say that chest radiography screening for lung cancer wasnt
effective, although in 2011 the National Lung Screening Trail (NLST) found that
testing higher-risk patients with 3 annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT)
scans reduced lung cancer mortality by 16%. The NLST testing was generally
healthy adults from ages 55 to 74 with a 30-pack-year history of cigarette smoking.
These two types of screenings have trade-offs between benefits of screening and
cost. The harms of NLST screening are unknown. There can be an over diagnosis
of lung cancer. If they are not diagnosed properly they are lead into treatments that
are un-needed for the patient. Being labeled with lung cancer can change and
disrupt a persons life. In some if not all cases causing anxiety, depression, and
embarrassment. Most deaths from lung cancer occur in individuals who do not
meet the NLST criteria. It isnt clear, however, that any increase in harms and costs
that would be incurred.
Given that all of this information above is given from (JAMA) Journal of
the American Medical Association. They are a well-known scholarly medical
journal for physicians in particular medical fields. Dr. Russell P, Harris is a
Medical Doctor at Chatham Crossing Medical Center. He is well-known is his
field and has the right credentials to speak about his subject. Research found in
JAMA are both objective and biased. The M.D is mainly speaking about the
effects, testing on lung cancer.
Reading JAMA has helped me to understand a little of the background on
lung cancer and the different test for lung cancer. Looking at the affects that
cancer can cause on person life and family is very detrimental to their lifestyle
and family members. Finding out that you have cancer can be very difficult and
can affect a persons causing anxiety, depression and embarrassments to that
person. We can assess how these areas can affect a person as a whole and their
family.
Clegg, Ellen. Cancer And Its Treatment ChemoBrain: How Cancer Therapies Can
Affect Your Mind New York: Amherst, 2009. 19-36 Print.
Billions of dollars have been devoted to research since President Nixon
declared a national war on cancer and congress passed the National Cancer Act
in 1971. Part of the challenge of understanding cancer is understanding its
diversity. Leukemia originates in the blood cells and lymphatic system. Different
genes can provoke cancer, but it can take mutations in multiple genes in one cell
to cause cancer. One obvious difference is that cancer cells grow more rapidly,

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while most normal cells do not. Some cancers seem to be caused by genetic
accidents. But for some cancers incident rates can be caused by country, a fact
that seems to point to diet, lifestyle, or environment. Drugs such as doxorubicin
and epirubicin, which are used to treat lung cancer.
Ellen Cleggs, ChemoBrain is based on interviews with doctors,
researchers, patients, survivors, families and other caregivers as well reviews of
numerous studies. The author of this book is a deputy managing editor of the
news operation at the Boston Globe. She has been an editor in previous times on
health and science. Her work shows that she is skilled and well educated in her
field to talk about the subject matter.
Looking back and reading this particular book has brought insight to
myself and my research about cancer. Learning that there has been billions of
dollars spent on research for cancer. Although this is true I hope that they continue
to find research and a cure for all cancers. There are many things that I did not
know about cancer namely leukemia and lung cancer. The thought cancer can
grow rapidly through the systems if it is untreated and can flow into the blood
systems and potentially cause death. Finding out that some environments can
cause cancer is very frightening. Living in certain areas and not knowing that
where you live or the air you breathe can very well be putting you at risk is
frightening.
Morra, Marion, Potts, Eve. Is cancer inherited Choices: The most complete sourcebook
for cancer information.
Many years doctors have been puzzled as to some families seem to have
more cancer than would occur by chance alone. Scientist today are discovering
genetic flaws that put some people at higher risk. Five to Ten percent of cancers
are hereditary, caused by the damaged gene that has been inherited. People with
an inherited disorder are t higher risk for breast cancer, colon cancer, soft tissue
sarcomas, bone cancer, brain tumors, and leukemia, all occur at unusual early
ages. This field of research is, known as the molecular biology, is transforming
the way cancer is detected and diagnosed.
Both the authors mentioned are sisters who have collaborated on seven
previous books written directly for cancer patients, their friends and family.
Marion Morra is an international expert in health communications and Eve Potts
had been writing about medical subjects for more than thirty years. They have
written book pertaining to these subjects dating back to 1980-2003.
It can be puzzling to many people that doctors have not yet found a cure
for cancer. Im sure many Americans all over are puzzled by this very truth.
Learning about one of the causes of cancer has lead me to continue my research
about these particular cancers. Knowing that cancer can be hereditary from family
members with the damaged gene, I can see why physicians throughout the year
urge people to get tested. People can say that doctors dont merely want their
money but to ultimately save a life.
Laszlo, John. Cancer Statistics: The Big Picture Understanding Cancer Lung Cancer,
Leukemia 80-83 New York
An estimated 149,000 new cases of lung cancer occurred in 1986 and
there were 130,000 deaths, and this is only for the United States. Of these deaths

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40,100 were woman, female deaths from lung cancer have been on a rising curve.
Those who smoke two packs cigarettes per day have lung cancer mortality rates
some twenty times higher than nonsmokers. Lung cancer is difficult to detect
sufficiently early to make it curable, and only 5 to 10 percent of all lung cancer
patients, whether white or black, live five years or longer after being diagnoses.
There were about 26,000 new cases of Leukemia were found in 1986 as well as
lung cancer. Leukemia is mainly recognized as a childhood disease it in fact
affects more adults. When adults contract Leukemia it is harder for them to be
cured than children. The overall rate of survival for this disease is 33 percent.
The author of this book received his medical degree from Harvard
Medical School and is currently the Vice president of research at the American
Cancer Society. He has been a part of the medical field for quite some time which
subsequently gives him the right to speak about these subjects.
Researching cancer can be difficult at times for some and others. The vast
majority of deaths within the Lung Cancer spectrum are astounding and Im sure
that this number has only gone up within the past and upcoming years. Being that
Leukemia is a so called childs disease its astounding that when adults contract
this disease they are difficult patients to cure. Some would think that children
would be the harder patients rather than children due to their nearly formed
immune systems.
Geddes, Linda. Underfunded, Undertreated. New Scientist 214.2871 (2012): 6-8. Web
People worldwide today die of lung cancer more than any other form, in
most cases the main risk factor is smoking, but lung cancer in people who do not
smoke are on the rise more than ever. In America alone there are 17.5 of lung
cancer groups, and among woman this figure is even higher. If this disease was
ranked alone as a separate disease it would be ranked sixth in the world. Many
people who have never smoked may be genetically predisposed to lung cancer by
the pollution of the air they are exposed too. Many people with lung cancer are
less likely to be referred to an oncologist, rather than people with other types of
cancers. Lung cancer receives a fraction of funding compared to other cancers.
Linda Geddes is an award winning British journalist and author writing
about biology, medicine and technology. Geddes went to Liverpool University
and has a first class degree in Cell Biology. She has spent nine years at a scientist
magazine working as an editor. Also she has received numerous awards for her
journalism. Geddes is a well-known author in her field and has the capability of
speaking on her subject. Having a background in biology and having been part of
the medical world gives her the right to speak about cancer and its research.
Having read Lindas work I now have a little background in her research
of cancer that she has found. I wouldnt have thought that people who are nonsmokers would have a higher risk of lung cancer than people who do smoke, as
well as this disease being higher in woman than men. If lung cancer was a disease
on its own, I cant believe it would be the sixth disease in the world that would be
most deadly. According to her research it will help to put into words and show my
readers a little background of Geddes research and the astonishing truth that lung
cancer not only affects smokers but widely affects non-smokers and woman more

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than others. As well as lung cancer receiving only a fraction of funding compared
to other cancers.
Leonard, Kimberly. Taking a New Look at a Killer Disease. U.S News Digital Weekly
5.48 (2013): n. pag. Web
Lung Cancer takes some 160,000 lives annually, but money for this
research in this area still lags. 1 of 5 woman who has lung cancer but never
smoked can still contract this disease. A medical oncologist at Massachusetts
General Hospital Cancer Center and associate of medicine at Harvard Medical
School, say too much shame and guilt is directed at those with the disease and it
prevents people from talking about lung cancer, which leads to little awareness
and advocacy. It is stated within this research that Lung cancer takes more lives
than breast, prostate and pancreatic cancers combined. The survival rate for this
cancer is about 16 percent. Why nonsmokers develop lung cancer is still unclear,
but other causes such as second hand smoke and environmental expose can be a
risk factor as well. A woman is 13 times more likely to develop lung cancer if she
smokes, and she is also more susceptible to heart disease, stroke cataracts and
other forms of cancer.
Kimberly Leonard is a health care reporter for the News division at U.S
News. She has previously worked in Health Rankings as a multimedia producer
and reporter. She is still currently a reporter for the U.S News and is a freelance
reporter. She attended the University of Richmond, she is also an award winning
reporter in her field.
Having read Leonards research it has really opened my eyes to a whole
new mind blowing discovery about lung cancer. In my mind I currently thought
this disease only pertained to males and people who smoked every day. According
to this research study it can affect anyone whether they are healthy and live an
active lifestyle compared to people who dont smoke at all are less likely to
contract this disease. After reading this research I can inform my readers that it
doesnt matter if you smoke 50 packs a day or if youve never smoked a pack in
your live you are still susceptible in contracting lung disease. It is always
important to live a healthy lifestyle, but compared to this life killing diseases it
doesnt matter if you smoke or dont smoke you will still have a chance of being
at risk with this disease.
Greenwood, Veronique. Immune Supercells Purge Leukemia. Discover 33.1 (2012)
Web
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood, usually of white blood cells called B
cells. Cancerous B cells are not only useless for fighting infection, they also grow
out of control, leading to swollen lymph nodes, anemia, and frequent infections.
Though many people can survive leukemia with chemotherapy and other drugs. T
cells do not attack cancerous B cells because they recognize them as part of
themselves. Porter and his colleague Carl June had injected three leukemia
patients with genetically modified versions of their own immune cells to seek and
destroy their cancer. Porter and Junes strategy was to enable the bodys own
immune system to eliminate cancer cells. They choose another white blood cell,
the T cell, which identifies foreign pathogens and unleashes swarms of killer
chemicals to eradicate them.

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Veronique Greenwood is a writer and essayist. She currently holds a
degree in Molecular, Cellular, and Development Biology from Yale. Her work has
appeared In The New York Times Magazine, Pacific Standard, Discover, Aeon
and many others. She has also wrote about quantum physics. Greenwoods
achievements speak for themselves. She is a talented writer and has been around
the medical world for quite some time. She is more than qualified to speak on this
subject.
After reading this source of information it has come to mind that there is
still research out there to be found and tested. Even though they havent found a
cure as of yet, I believe they are getting closer to this finding a cure. I can
incorporate from this article into my essay is even though they havent found a
cure for leukemia they are still testing and are getting closer as the years pass by. I
would suggest not to give up just yet because there is research still to found and
test to be done. Let the researchers do their jobs and let them help us by trying
new medicines to help our loved ones. In most cases some survive leukemia.
Transplant Can Save Cancer Patients. USA Today Magazine 132.2701 (2003) 6-6 Web
Physicians and scientist are using many techniques to fight cancer. One of
which is bone marrow transplants a method used to treat nonsolid tumor cancers
such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Bone marrow transplants is
a fairly new procedure between 10 to 15 years old. Today, individuals up to the
age of 75 can be treated and the bone marrow can be their own, cleansed and
prepared for reentry into the body. Traditionally, the elderly cannot tolerate
diseases such strong doses, so lesser level of medication is administered.
This current source which I gathered information from doesnt have an
author, but USA Today Magazine is world-wide and is read by many people all
over the country.
Being that leukemia is namely known as a childs disease it affects adults
as well. Study has shown most people that have this disease has survived with
treatments and testing. I didnt know that bone marrow could help save someones
life who had cancer. To my assumptions, I thought it was only chemotherapy that
was the only cause in helping cancer patients. I can inform my readers that not
only does chemotherapy help people but so can their bone marrow if they are
willing to give some of it.