Zainab Aro-Lambo

ENC 2135
7/15/15
Annotated Bibliography
Kristiansen, Elsa, Trygve B. Broch, and Paul M. Pedersen. "Negotiating Gender in
Professional Soccer: An Analysis of Female Footballers in the United States."
Choregia 10.1 (2014): 5-27. Web.
The thesis of this research paper is explains how research was
done on the experiences of professional female soccer players in
the US and how gender influenced their everyday lifestyle on the
field. Some of the major points include how in America, sports are
typically a male sport and therefore the media spends more time
devoted to them. However since the rise of female soccer in the
1999 world cup, more and more people have started to pay
attention in the United States. In this source, the author uses other
sources to help define key terms such as soccer, as well as give a
history behind it when it comes to the United States. The audience
of this source, in my opinion, is gender theorists who are interested
in the role gender plays in sports, specifically soccer. The overall
purpose of this source is to explain how gender works in soccer and
specifically gives an insight to the female aspect of it.
When it comes to the argument presented in this research, I
agree with the fact that there is a gender difference in sports and it
affects the popularity of women soccer in the United States. In the
paper, the author mentions that power, production, emotional, and
symbolic relations plays a role in the gender differences that occur
in the sport. I agree with this because it is all about who watches
the sport and how they advertise it, and in America, they do not do
a very good job of that. This further emphasizes how women soccer
in the US is not as popular in the US, and even around the world.
Even though this is my first source, I think this research will
connect to the other sources in the way of how it mentions that
female soccer has failed several times in the US as opposed to the
male leagues. Also, I think a common theme among other sources
will be how the popularity of female soccer is slowly but surely
growing due to the fact that they just won the world cup. Lastly, I
think a common theme will be how the female sport is sexualized
when it comes to the media to promote the sport. This occurs with
magazine covers and commercials around the world.

Elling, Agnes, and Annelies Knoppers. "Sport, Gender and Ethnicity: Practises of
Symbolic Inclusion/Exclusion." Journal of Youth & Adolescence 34.3 (2005): 25768. Print.
The thesis of this paper explains that gender differences in
sports do occur on both sides with females participating in
predominantly male sports such as soccer and boxing and males
participating in predominantly female sports such as synchronized
swimming and figure skating. The major points of this paper
explains how it is harder for men to go into female dominated
sports because of the fear of being labeled a sissy. The paper
also suggests that ethnicity matters when it comes to certain
sports. Lastly, this paper uses other scholars to explain certain
definitions like the others. For example, it cites an author on the
definition of adolescence and what teenagers go through during
this period with the audience being other gender and maybe even
ethnicity scholars. The purpose of this paper is to explain symbolic
inclusion and exclusion in sports.
When it comes to this articles argument about gender and
ethnicity, I definitely agree because the hegemony in our society is
very real and can therefore hinder ones opportunity when it comes
to sports. I also agree with the article when it says that there are
definitely there is gender inequality and is shown mostly in sports
when it comes to play and popularity. One thing I found interesting
was that when people identify with sports teams and such, they
usually identify with their hegemonic or marginal norms and
values.
The connection between this source and my previous source
explains how there are gender differences in sports when it comes
to masculinity and such. Also they both discuss how the pay is
significantly different between elite male and female soccer players
even though it is the same game. This then goes back to gender
inequality as a whole in American society and how males get paid
more than females even when they have the same jobs.

Caudwell, Jayne. "Gender, Feminism and Football Studies." Soccer & Society 12.3
(2011): 330-44. Web.
The thesis of this paper is to explain the gender inequality
specifically for women in the country of Britain. The major points
include how the media plays a big role in how they are portrayed
and what is said about them. This also explains how far women
have come in Britain with soccer because of what people have
stood for when it came to them. When it comes to citing sources,
the author used to others when she was explaining other incidents
as well as defining certain terms. The audience of this piece maybe
to women that play soccer in general or even women in Britain that
play soccer. The purpose of this article is to explain what goes on
with gender differences in soccer and how it needs to be changed
in order to have equality for, and not just in Britain.
I agree with the argument in the article that explains that women
are degraded when it comes to the way the play soccer and who
watches. From personal experience, I know that other males who
play the game because they feel as though the women arent
capable and treat the females like dirt. This then creates, as the
article said, gender misconception and limits the abilities of women
playing the game.
The connections made between the three sources are very
similar as well as relevant in my paper. All sources agree that there
is gender inequality around the world when it comes to playing
soccer and even sports in general. The last two articles agree that
it was socialization that made it this way. Because of the way our
culture is, it has made it difficult for females to be successful in
anything they do, without being compared to men and therefore
causing gender inequality.