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HOLT
Chapter 2
Foundations of Government
Section 1:
Section 2:
Section 3:
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authoritarian power
Ceremonial monarchs with separate governing
bodies
The rule of the people in a democracy
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Types of Governments
Characteristics of Governments
Democracy
Direct
Representative
Monarchy
Absolute
Dictatorship
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Democracies
There is no absolute ruler or absolute ruling
body
The people rule directly (direct democracy) or
through elected officials (representative
democracy or republic).
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Roles of Government
Provides a means for cooperation and unity among
people
Enables groups of people to achieve large goals
Provides protection, security, transportation,
monetary assistance, education, and health related
services
Provides laws and a Constitution
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States is based
Is a statement of the American ideals
Declares that the purpose of government is to
protect human rights
Stresses equality among individuals
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carried out.
There were no national courts to interpret the laws and uphold them.
A unanimous vote was required to make changes to the Articles of the
Confederation.
There was no money to pay for expenses or services.
Each state regulated its own trade and had its own currency.
Conflicts between the states and Congress developed.
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difficult to pass
laws because
9 out of 13
states approval
was needed
no judicial
branch to
interpret
laws
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WEAKNESSES OF
THE ARTICLES OF
CONFEDERATION
no executive branch
to enforce
laws
lacked
power to
collect
taxes
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no means to
regulate
trade with
foreign
countries
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disputes
The country lacked a national identity.
The states quarreled over boundary lines and
trade.
The country looked weak to other nations.
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Chapter 2 Wrap-Up
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1. Whataretwoofthemajorfactorsthatshape
acountrysgovernment?
2. Howareademocracyandothertypesof
governmentsdifferent?
3. WhatwerethekeypurposesoftheDeclarationof
Independence?
4. Whatweresomeoftheproblemsthecountryfaced
afterindependencewasdeclared?
5. InwhatwaysdidthecolonistsEnglishpolitical
heritageinfluenceAmericanideasaboutgovernment
andindividualrights?
6. WhatwastheoutcomeoftheConstitutionalConvention?
7. WhatweretheargumentsoftheFederalistsand
Antifederalists?
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