Turbine Tang AP

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn
PHAN II: TURBINE TANG AP

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CHNG IV
TURBINE TNG P CC KHI NIM C BN
tn dng ngun nng lng kh thi nhm tng hiu cng sut v hiu
sut ca ng c, turbine kh x c a vo s dng, u tin ng c bn k
v sau c s dng cho c ng c hai k; c bit loi ng c hai k cng
sut ln. Mc tng hiu sut ng c khi tng p bng turbine kh x ph thuc
nhiu vo ch ti ca ng c. i vi ng c lai chn vt, ti ng c cao
ng ngha vi vng quay ng c tng l iu kin thun li cho turbine kh x
tng hiu qu lm vic; l do nm ch, khng nhng cng sut turbine lai ph
thuc vo cng n v ca dng kh x v lu lng dng kh xa, m vi turbine,
khi khai thc khu vc nh mc s to iu kin pht huy cao nht hiu sut ca
chng (hnh 4.1).
Hnh 4.1 : th quan h lu lng v p sut, hiu sut ca h thng tng

p turbine kh x.
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Ni chung cc turbine tng p u thuc loi turbine xung kch c phn

kch nh v chng c chia ra hai loi chnh da trn c s tn dng nng lng
kh x t ng c. l turbine s dng xung p sut l chnh (cn gi l turbine
bin p vi c trng p sut trc turbine thay i) v turbine ng p ( vi c
trng p sut khng i trc turbine).
C hai loi trn u c th c ch to theo kiu cho dng kh x vo
turbine theo hng tm (hnh 4.2) hoc dc trc (hnh 4.3). B tr dng kh x vo
turbine hng tm cho thng c tc quay nm trong khong 25000- 250.000
vng/pht, ng knh bnh cng tc t 35-220 mm, cng sut t 15-750 kW. B
tr dng kh x vo turbine theo hng dc trc vi tc quay t vi ngn
vng/pht ti hng chc ngn vng/ pht, ng knh bnh cng tc t 220-1000
mm, cng sut turbine t 150-100000 kW.
Hnh 4.2: Turbine hng tm

Hnh 4.3 Turbine hng trc.
1-Li vo ca kh x
2-Li ra ca kh x
3-Li vo ca khng kh
4-Bung y ca kh nn
5-Trc rto
6-B bm du bi trn
7-Du bi trn
8-Bnh rto turbine
9-Bnh cnh my nn
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Sau y chng ta so snh hai h thng s dng nng lng thng dng nht
l h thng xung lc v h thng ng p dn ti tn ca hai loi turbine xung lc
v turbine ng p.
4.1 So snh hai loi turbine xung lc v ng p
Theo mt thng k gn ng ca hai loi h thng ta s thy nhng im so
snh ni bt ca chng nh sau:
Hnh 4.4 S tn dng nhit kh thi cho (a) h thng Turbine ng p (b)
Xung lc
Tuy biu hnh 4.4 cha i din cho tt c cc loi turbine song qua ta
cng thy kh nng tn dng nhit ca turbine xung ln nhng hiu sut turbine
xung li thp hn loi ng p. Mt trong cc l do l p sut thay di trc turbine
nn dng chy vo ming phun ca turbine khng n nh, gy nhiu tn tht; trong
khi turbine ng p ti ca vo p sut khng thay i, dng kh c phn b
u trn khp cc vnh ming phun, do vy hiu sut cao hn. Mt c im na
ca turbine xung cn lu lin quan ti p sut thay i trc turbine l chnh cc
xung p sut ny gy nn s tng cng rung ng cnh turbine, c bit khi s
xylanh l bi s ca 4.
Turbine xung c c tnh p ng nhanh khi tng tc v khi ng trong khi
h thng dng turbine ng p li cn h tr ca bm ph khi khi ng v khi
hot ng nh ti ca ng c.
Turbine ng p to nhiu tr lc cho kh thot t xylanh nhng li c u
im b tr gn, linh hot, khng yu cu kht khe v v tr t turbine; trong kh
, turbine xung tuy to tr lc thot kh thp nhng yu cu cc xylanh n lin
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tip khng c b tr chung ng ng thi trnh nh hng ca cc pha trong

thi k x ln nhau gia cc turbine, ngoi ra v tr turbine phi b tr gn ca thot
kh khi xylanh, ng x yu cu cng ngn cng tt iu ny bt tin cho b
tr.
Turbine xung thng ch gii hn p dng trong khong p sut tng p thp.
L do s gii hn ca turbine xung l vic s dng nng lng xung ca dng kh
x gn nh rt km vi p sut tng p ca turbine kh x cao hn 2,2 bar. Khong
p dng ca turbine ng p rng hn, p sut tng p cao cng c li cho vic s
dng nhit ca turbine ng p.
Hnh 4.5: phn b p sut trc turbine xung lc v ng p.

Mt xu hng vi tng p ln l s dng turbine ng p. T s tng p cao
nht h thng ng p dng cho tng p ng c diesel tu thy hin nay l 5,5.
Khi chuyn t tng p xung sang tng p ng p cho php tng hiu sut turbine
my nn ln 8% ( theo s thng tin t hng B&W. S dng turbine ng p khng
cn phi tng gc m sm sppap x, lm gim cng gin n nh turbine xung v
nh vy tng thi gian gin n ca mi cht. Chnh nh tng thi gian qu trnh
gin n trong xylanh cng nh tng mt t p sut cc i ca chu trnh m p sut
ch th ca chu trnh tng ln 11% v nh hon thin qu trnh ho trn cng nh
qa trnh chy m sut tiu hao nhin liu c ch gim 7,5 %).
CU HI THO LUN
01. GII THCH S LM VIC MT N NH CA TURBINE MY NN
TNG P. TRONG KHI THC NG C, HIN TNG NY
THNG XY RA NH TH NO? BIN PHP KHC PHC.
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Theo c tnh ca TB-MN ta thy s lm vic mt n nh ca TB-MN tng p

xy ra khi n hot ng trong
vng mt n nh (vng gii hn)
Hnh 4.6: c tnh phi hp
gia TBMN tng p v ng c
lai chn vt.
im cng tc (im A) l giao
im gia ng c tnh thy
ng ca ng c ( ng 1) v
ng cong quan h p sut-Lu
lng ca TB-MN (ng n1 =
const) khi ng c - TBMN lm
vic bnh thng.
Khi c thay i bt thng v
pha turbine hoc my nn
(thng l c hai) s lm cho im
cng tc chuyn dch v pha vng
lm vic khng n nh (vng
gii hn). Khi lm vic ti vng
ny th hin tng lm vic ca TB-MN khng n nh.
Trong khai thc hin tng ny xy ra biu hin cc hin tng :
-Nu phn turbine th gy ting rt rt kh chu v rung ng mnh.
-Nu my nn ta thy ting " hm hp " phn p ra ngoi li lc do s
chnh p gia bu gp kh tng p v kh quyn km theo vng quay TB-MN dao
ng mnh.
Nguyn nhn hin tng trn:
-Ch khai thc khng hp l, khai thc gn vng mt n nh.
-iu kin khai thc kh khn (sng to gi ln) trong khi ch tay ga khng
hp l.
-Kh nng p ng ca ng c khi c tc ng ca b iu tc khng hp l
hoc km.
-Khi vng quay my gim, lng cp nhin liu tng cao.
-Khi ng np bn, bu lm mt kh tng p bn, phn p ng x tng
-Khi v tu bn, mmen cn tu ln.
-Bn thn turbine b bn bi cn mui t ng c.
Tm li tt c cc nguyn nhn gy nn thay i s lm vic ca turbine nh
bn cnh hng, cnh ng, thay i hng dng kh gy rung ng cnh, gim
lu lng kh qua turbine hoc tng phn p pha my nn nh tng sc cn hoc
tr lc sau my nn, gim vng quay t ngt ng c, bn cnh my nn
hoc thm ch s lm vic ca ng c k c s lm vic ng u gia cc
xylanh hoc trng thi hot ng, ch hot ng khng tt ca n u c th
lm im cng tc chuyn dch v pha vng lm vic khng n nh. Hin tng
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" ho" ca turbine my nn l mt trong cc biu hin ca lm vic khng n nh

TB-MN tng p.
gii quyt vn tm thi hin tng " ho ":
-C th gim ti cho my bt rung, "ho "
-X bt kh tng p ra ngoi qua nt x bu gp kh tng p.
-Kim tra nhit kh x gia cc xylanh xem c xylanh no c nhit kh
x vt qu quy nh. Hiu chnh cn bng ti gia cc xylanh nu cn thit.
gii quyt tn gc c th cn phi:
-V sinh sch ton b t my nn ti ng gp kh tng p, ng kh x, bu
gim m, turbine tng p
-Hon chnh trong iu kin c th nng cao kh nng p ng ca ng c.
-Co h, sn ln tu nu cn thit.
2. TH NO L C TNH KH NG CA TURBINE TNG P. GII
THCH S LM VIC MT N NH CA H THNG NY.
c tnh kh ng ca h thng tng p bng turbine kh x thc cht l c
tnh ca h thng trao i kh m my nn ly tm lm vic khi ng c iesel
lm vic theo c tnh ngoi, c tnh ph ti v c tnh chn vt.
c tnh lm vic ca
my nn bao gm tp hp
cc ng cong biu din
cc quan h
PK
G
= f( K)
P0
G0
G
2) N K = f ( K )
G0
G
3 ) TK = f ( K )
G0
1)
khi vng quay turbine

khng i. Trong ng
c tnh quan h gia p
sut v lng tiu hao
khng kh (1) l quan trng
nht.
Hnh 4.7: Quan h c tnh ca my nn TB
Biu din cc c tnh
tng p , c tnh kh ng ca h thng trao
trn th nh hnh 4.7
i kh khi ng c lm vic theo c tnh
ng c tnh quan h
ngoi ( 2 ) c tnh chn vt (1) v c tnh ti
gia p sut v lng tiu
(3)
hao khng kh ca my nn
khi vng quay turbine khng i l ng n ( i qua im A ).
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ng c tnh quan h gia p sut v lng tiu hao khng kh ca my nn

c trng cho sc cn thy ng ca h thng trao i kh khi ng c lm vic
theo c tnh chn vt l ng m s 1
theo c tnh ngoi l ng m s 2
theo c tnh ti l ng m s 3.
Nh trn th c tnh ta thy khi ph ti tng (sc cn ca tu tng), vng
quay ng c gim xung m lng cp nhin liu cp vo ng c vn khng i
tc l ng c lm vic theo c tnh ngoi th im lm vic s li dn v pha
tri im A tc l chuyn gn v khu vc lm vic khng n nh. ng 2 th
4.7.
ng c lm vic theo c tnh chn vt ( ng 1 ) th ng c tnh c
dc khc vi c tnh ngoi nn khi vng quay gim, sut tiu hao khng kh v
p sut tng p u gim v t c kh nng xy ra vn im lm vic ri vo
khu vc mt n nh. Tuy nhin khi c hin tng " nhy bc " v p sut tnh do
gim vng quay t ngt ng thi lu lng kh qua ng c gim nhanh dn ti
cng sut turbine gim c th lm im cng tc dch chuyn vo khu vc mt n
nh.
ng c lm vic theo c tnh ti ( ng 3) l c tnh biu din mi quan h
gia cc thng s vo cng sut Ne khi vng quay thay i vi dc cao hn c
ng chn vt th kh nng lm vic khng n nh gn nh rt t xy ra.
ng c diesel lm vic theo c tnh chn vt khi lai chn vt trc tip nhng
im lm vic ca ng c li l giao im c ca c tnh ngoi, c tnh chn
vt v c tnh iu chnh ca b iu tc ( nu ng c lp b iu tc nhiu ch
). Do ta thy khi ng c c lp b iu tc th khi sc cn tu tng ln,
ng c c th s hot ng theo c tnh ngoi; lc ny khng nhng bn thn
ng c d b qu ng sut c, ng sut nhit, ph ti nhit cao, qu ti mmen
xon m TB TA cng c th ri vo khu vc hot ng khng n nh.
Khi ng c lm vic c b iu tc nhiu ch , sc cn tng km sng gi
ln ( kh nng chn vt chm su xung nc v ni ln mt nc theo chu k ) c
th lm cho c tnh thy ng 3 "nhy bc " kt qu cng c th lm h thng
TBTA ri vo hot ng khng n nh.
ng c c, TBTA c v khng c v sinh cng lm tng kh nng trn
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CHNG V
GII THIU CC LOI TURBINE TNG P
5.1 H THNG TURBINE HNG ABB
H thng turbine ABB c s chnh ti Thy s qua BBC (Brown Boveri), c
mi lin quan cht vi bc i tin phong ca s pht trin turbine tng p tin
hnh bi Alfred Buchi v cc p dng trong ngnh my tu thy ca turbine tng
p. Alfred Buchi ng dng tng p 1905 nhng thc s tng p mi tr nn
mnh m t sau i chin th gii ln I (trong nhng ngy u tin, turbine tng p
p dng cho hng khng), t turbine tng p thc s dng cho tu thy. Nm
1925 con tu u tin Preussend and Hansestadt Danzig c s dng turbine tng p
kh x vi ng c 4 k, hng MAN, 10 xilanh tng cng sut t 1250 kW (np
kh t nhin) ln 1840 kW khi s dng turbine tng p ca BBC.
Nm 1944 BBC cho ra i turbine seri VTR0 v t sn sng
cung cp turbine tng p lp t cho cc ng c c khong cng sut 370 kW ti
12700 kW. Cho ti lc cng ch p dng turbine tng p cho ng c 4 k.
thay th bm qut gi tng p ng c 2 k, lc ny ngi ta phi ng dng turbine
tng p xung lc. Nm 1952 h thng tng p ny ng dng thnh cng trn tu
an mch Dorthe Maesk s dng ng c 2 k hng B&W nng cng sut ng c
ln 5520 kW nh turbine VTR 630.
Vic s dng turbine tng p loi VTR trn ng c diesel 4 k v 2 k tng
ln rt nhanh t nhng nm 1950, mt lot seri ( hnh 5.1) k tha v pht huy
thit k kiu loi ny trn c mt hiu sut v t s tng p. Hiu sut 74,7 %
ginh c bi turbine VTR 714E nm 1989 (tng phn vi hiu sut 50-55% ca
cc turbine tng p ca nhng nm 1950); v model VTR 304P t c t s p
sut 5:1 vo 1991. Bn cnh ci thin c tnh turbine tng p cc nghin cu pht
trin ca hng tng cng kh nng to iu kin phc v cho vic t nhin
liu mc thp ca ng c v s lm vic ti ch ti nng n vn m bo tin
cy v bo dng cc t.
Cc seri hin nay ca h thng turbine tng p ABB nh sau:
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Hnh 5.1: Hiu sut ton b ca cc th h turbine tng p ABB dng VTR.
- Seri VTR: c thit k hot ng vi cc ng c to nn cng sut
khong 700 kW ti 18500 kW ng vi mi turbine tng p.
- Seri VTC: c bit c a chung ti ni vic lin hp thnh khi yu
cu, phc v cc ng c cung cp cng sut 100 kW ti 3200 kW mi turbine.
- Seri RR: ch yu p dng cho cc ng c cao tc v trung tc c cng
sut nm trong khong 500 kW v 1800 kW ng vi mi turbine.
- Seri TPS: Th h mi thuc dng turbine tng p nh, chi tit xem phn
sau.
- Seri TPL: Th h mi dng turbine tng p ln, chi tit xem trong phn
cui.
- Turbine ng lc NTC : S dng nng lng kh x ln trch t ng
gp tng hiu sut ca ng c.
Turbine seri VTR..4
Cc turbine seri VTR4 c lp t dng turbine hng trc v my
nn hng knh. Kt hp nhng chiu cao cnh turbine khc nhau vi mt s ln
cc cnh hng khc bit (vng phun) cng nh b rng ca my nn khc nhau
v s thay i tng ng ca cc rnh khuych tn to iu kin ph hp ti u
gia cc ng c v cc c tnh hot ng ca turbine tng p.
Cc bn ngoi to ra lc nh hn v cho php dng h thng
t bi trn, chng ma st. Cc bc trt sng bi trn ngoi (bi trn ca
ng c) hin din tin li cho vic thay i ca turbine tng p ln. Mi s mt
cn bng ca trc r to gy bi cn bn hoc vt l u c hp th bi b l xo
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gim chn lp trong , cc lc nh hn quan h vi ngoi l u th

trong ng cnh ny. Cc ngoi cng tin li cho vic phc v v c th c
tho m khng cn tho bnh cnh cnh my nn, v trc r to c th c tho m
khng phi tho cc phn ng dn kh.
H thng turbine ABB khuyn co ngi s dng dng cc chng ma
st t bi trn nhm gim ma st tng cao hiu sut c gii v cc u th khc khi
khi ng ng c v trong khi man iu ng. Cc li ch tng thm l kh nng
ko di tui th du bi trn ca loi ny. B phn phn ly du trong h thng
du bi trn kn ca chng ma st t bi trn tch mi cht bn ra v m
bo bi trn lin tc bng du sch thm ch c khi nghing. Du turbine c s
dng c hiu qu tch cc trong vic phc v lu di. C cc h thng phin lc du
v kt d tr thng trc trong trng hp bi trn khn cp phi tin hnh.
ng dn vo, ra v v my nn ca turbine tng p VTR c lm tch
ring theo chiu thng ng v c gn li vi nhau bng bulng. Ba phn v
turbine v gi c th quay i ch vi nhau 15 30 0 cho ngi thit k ng
c t do gn turbine tng p vo ng c. Hin c nhiu phng n khc nhau v
phn v dn kh vo turbine thc hin nhiu la chn ph hp vi nhiu ng
dn kh vo v cc cch b tr khc nhau. Do to ra s phi hp ca turbine tng
p vi cc h thng np kh, loi ng c ( ch V hay mt hng thng ng) v s
xilanh khc nhau mt cc mm do.
Cc v phn v khng lm mt hin nay l mt thay i i vi v lm mt
ca turbine tng p sri VTR..4 dnh cho cc p dng nhit tn dng cao (hnh
5.2). Tt c cc ng dn kh hon ton khng lm mt v khng tip xc vi nc
lm mt bt k im no, to kh nng cao nht c th ca vic khai thc tip
theo lng nhit hin c (v d, b to hi cho mc ch sn xut in nng hoc
dch v cho tu).
tin cy ca ring turbine c to iu kin tng ln bng cc b tr b
u turbine cn c lm mt bng mt lng nc nh, gip nhit du
bi trn gim i. Vic lm mt ng thi ca vch ca v ngoi ng kh ra to
cho n kh nng gi nhit ca ton b b mt trong gii hn c quy nh bi
cc hip hi ng kim nhm trnh ho hon v bo v khi cc tip xc nguy him
gy tai nn.
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Hnh 5.2 Turbine tng p VTR ca ABB loi lm mt v khng lm mt.

Khng kh cn nn c ht vo hoc thng qua cc nhnh ht hoc thng
qua cc b gim m phin lc. Phn tch hp ca tng b gim m l phin lc c tc
dng ngn cc thnh phn bn khi theo dng kh vo v chng nhim bn my
nn. Phin lc c th c lm sch trong khi turbine tng p ang hot ng m
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khng phi tho b gim m. Ting n ca my nn c gim theo yu cu ca

cc quy nh quc t bi cc tm dng c bit, b mt lm bng d.
Nhm p ng yu cu ca cc nh thit k ng c diesel hai k thp tc,
h thng turbine tng p ca ABB gii thiu seri turbine tng p VTR..4D c t
s tng p sut l 4:1. C ba model (VTR454D, VTR 564D v VTR 714D) bao
trm khong cng sut ng c t 5000 kW ti 70000 kW. Turbine tng p VTR
..4 v VTR..4E (hnh 5.3 v 5.4) hin gi c th p ng mc hiu qu dnh cho
ng c tc thp. Hiu sut cao hn ng k ca seri VTR..4E cho php nng
lng kh x d tha c khai thc trong turbine kh ng lc c kt ni c kh
vi trc khuu ng c hoc my pht in ( xem trong phn h thng tng hp
turbine di y). Nhng khng c seri turbine no c kh nng p ng yu cu
y ca ng c thp tc hot ng p sut trung bnh hu ch ti 20 bar ti
ton ti v hiu sut turbine t 67% v cao hn. VTR.. khng vn ti c hiu
sut yu cu v my nn hp kim nhm ca VTR..4E gii hn t s p sut to ra.
Turbine tng p VTR..P, pht trin cho ng c 4 k ( xem phn di ), cng
khng th hin c gii php, mc du n cho mt s ci thin hiu sut ti t s
p sut cao hn so vi VTR..4,
Hnh 5.3 : (a) Hiu sut turbine tng p l hm s ca t s p sut my

nn dnh cho turbine tng p ABB ngy nay ( c ngha thc t i vi p dng
ng c hai k thp tc).
(b) Hiu sut turbine tng p l hm s ca t s p sut dnh cho VTR
454D theo ng c tnh hot ng ca ng c hai k c trng.
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Hnh 5.4: (a) Khong p dng ca turbine tng p VTR. 4E v (b) c tnh
ca model VTR 564 E
Cc mc ch pht trin ca seri VTR4D c xc nh nh: t s p sut
ca my nn l 4 trong khi ci thin c hiu sut; tin cy t cao nht d tng
ti c kh; gi c cc thnh phn quan trng nht ca thit k VTR c v kch
thc bn ngoi ca n v tng cng s thun tin cho kh nng thay th ln nhau
mt cch ton b.
Mt turbine tng p kt hp t s p sut ca VTR..4/4P v hiu sut cao ca
VTR..4E c t vn . Tim nng nhit ng hc ca cc my nn v turbine
dn ti chin lc pht trin mt seri mi ho trn cc thnh phn chng t vt
tri v ph hp vi kch thc lp t ca VTR..4E. My nn p sut cao ca
turbine tng p VTR..4P c chn la v cc l do nhit ng hc v kinh t,
cc nh thit k trch dn mt s vn ca n:
-Hiu sut cao i vi ton b khong lu lng th tch thng dng.
-D tr ln hn dnh cho kh nng tng tip na v p sut c ch trung
bnh v d tr ti.
-S dng nhm lm vt liu ch to bnh cnh my nn thay cho titanium
qu t tin, t s p sut y ti l 4.2 c bo m.
Hai my nn c ng knh khc nhau hin c m bo cung cp khong
lu lng th tch thng dng ti hiu sut cao theo yu cu t trong v turbine
tng p bao ngoi tng t.
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Turbine ca turbine tng p VTR..4E c chn cho seri VTR..4D v n cho

u th hiu sut cao quanh im 3.5 trn turbine VTR..2/4P. iu ny l do c s
tn dng nng lng ng hc tt hn ti li ra ca bnh cnh turbine, to ra do b
khuych tn ra c thit lp ti u trong s kt hp vi v hp kh x m rng
mi. Cng ngh chng ma st mi nht c p dng thm c li cho seri
VTR..4D, c bit pha turbine. tin cy c khi c ci thin c m bo do
phn v thp c gia cng ton b c x l b mt, cp du ti u cho bi trn tt
hn, nh hn ti u cho trt t hn v din tch dn hng ca v ln hn.
Ging nh turbine tng p ABB, VTR..4D uc thit k m bo rng
trong hon cnh t nht chy ca bnh cnh hoc turbine- tt c cc phn cn
nguyn trong v. Vt liu v c thay i t loi gang xm sang loi gang do v
turbine c bao kn trong lp v. Cc th nghim chy n trn my nn v turbine
bo m cc kh nng c c.
H thng turbine ABB seri VTR..4P ch ra cc yu cu ca cc nh ch to
my tm kim gii php tng cng sut cc kiu ng c trung tc. Cc ng c ny
c th hot ng vi p sut ch th trung bnh ti 24-25 bar, yu cu t s tng p
ca my nn turbine tng p l 3.8-4.0 v hiu sut chung vt qu 60%. Ap sut
c ch trung bnh ti 28 bar mt s ng c 4 k yu cu t s tng p ca my nn
quanh khong 4.2-4.5 trong khi gi nguyn hoc thm ch tng cao hn gi tr hiu
sut chung ca turbine. Seri VTR..4P cho t s tng p ti 5:1 thc hin do h thng
turbine tng p mt tng c s a thch v n gin hn nhiu so vi kiu hai tng
phc tp.
Cc tnh ton u vit v lu ng, cc phn tch ng sut, phng php th
CAD/CAM v th nghim phng th nghim cui cng to nn bnh cnh my nn
mt khi c cc cnh chnh v cnh ph cong v pha sau y qua b khuych tn
dng kh ng hc. Bnh cnh bng hp kim nhm s ph hp nht cc yu cu m
titanium khng th c c i vi cc p dng cc cao. a turbine lm bng hp
kim niken mc cao, c nh dng mi s dng cho lp cc chn cnh v cc dy
gim chn.
Chng trnh VTR..4P c gii quyt tho mn cc yu cu ca ng c c
khong cng sut t 1000 kW ti 10000 kW. Cc thit b c c tnh tt c thit
k c kh nng lp t thay th cho medel VTR..4 nhm to iu kin thun li
cho vic lp t li cng nh dng cho ng c mi. Turbine tng p c th u
qua mt bch trc tip ln ng dn kh x v dn kh hin ti ci thin c tnh
ng c theo cch tng p sut vo. Cc seri ti u p sut c kt hp vi seri
ti u hiu sut VTR..4E l mt im ni bt ca h thng turbine tng p ABB.
Turbine seri TPS.
Cng ngh ch to ng c diesel vng quay cao v vng quay trung bnh
hin i yu cu turbine tng p phi cu trc t hp hn vi t s tng p tng cao
ti hiu sut chung ln. H thng tng p turbine hng ABB a ra th trng
114

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vo gia nhng nm 1990 seri TPS, c thit k dng cho ng c 4 k c

cng sut t 500 kW ti 3200 kW ng vi mt turbine (hnh 5.5)
Hnh 5.5 H thng turbine tng p ABB loi TPS dnh cho ng c tc
cao v tc trung bnh.
m bo khong t s p sut ton b yu cu bi cc ng c nh vy,
turbine tng p TPS..D/S xut hin vi hai tng my nn nn hon ton khc
nhau. Mt tng c thit k cho t s p sut ti 4.2 (TPS..D) v loi kia dnh cho
t s p sut ti 4.7 (TPS..E). Nh cc thit k n chic ti u v c kh kt hp
vi bnh cnh my nn khng khoan l, t s p sut c th tng ln t 4.5 cho
khong p dng rng, dng vt liu my nn l hp kim nhm. C hai loi my nn
u c c tnh ch to bnh cnh hp kim nhm lin khi n c cnh ph v
cnh hng cong ngc li pha sau to hiu sut cao v c tnh my nn rng.
Hiu sut cc i t c cao hn 84%.
Kinh nghim vi turbine tng p loi RR c tn dng bi cc nh thit
k trong vic ch to seri TPS. nh dng cui c lm theo kiu modul v cho
mc cao v linh hot cao vi v vic lp rp vn vt gim thiu. S lng chi
tit gim bt nhiu so lvi 1oi RR, mt thit k n gin cho chnh n. nh dng
theo modul to iu kin cho vic gn kt hoc lp t cc phn ph d dng, nh
l h thng h tr phun chng hn. c bit ch trong khi thit k v ci tin
115

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to thun li cho bo dng v lp rp turbine tng p ln ng c mt cch n

gin.
Gii hn cho pht trin turbine tng p k c tin cy hot ng ti
nhit tng ti 7500C v t tui th di lu khi dng nhin liu nng v trong
iu kin chu cc ti. Yu cu dnh cho khong th tch ln cn phi p ng bng
s lng cc nh cc chi tit. Tim nng v kh ng lc hc ln c tho mn
bi turbine tng p RR..1 cng th hin s tin cy cc k v hiu sut cao nht.
C kh nng hin thc ho hot ng ti t s p sut cao hn so vi hin ti nh
turbine c vng phun c ci tin tho mn mc tiu dnh cho turbine tng p
TPS. V cun mi v vnh phun c thit k s dng cc phng php tnh
ngc cho php bo m cc tn tht c duy tr rt nh v cnh turbine khng
b kch thch qu mnh. Cc gi tr o nhit ng hc cho thy hiu sut turbine ca
thit k mi cao nh l cc turbine trc, cc kch thch dao ng cnh thm ch
cn gim nh hn.
Trc y, phn b ng sut i vi bnh cnh turbine c ti u bng
phng php th v sai: xc nh v hnh hc v tnh ton thnh phn gy nn ng
sut, hnh hc ca bnh cnh c thay i cho ti khi ng sut t mc chp nhn
c. S dng cc cng c computer h tr mi nht ti u ho cu trc, ng
sut c gim khong 30% so vi cc phin bn trc.
turbine tng p phi cung cp mt kh nng ti tt v c pha lc
tnh v ng hc, n nh tt v tn tht c kh c gim thiu ca mt thit k
hiu qu to iu kin thun li cho bo dng hin i. turbine tng p
TPS c bi trn trc tip t h thng bi trn cho ng c.
Tng t s p sut ca turbine tng p ngha l tng ti tc ng ln
chn. Bnh cnh turbine c vai t sau c chn cao chu lc y t my nn ti
mc ti a c th. Cc tnh ton m rng v cc gii php o nhit c thc
hin trn chn, trong c hai tnh trng hot ng n nh v c ch my nn
khng n nh t ti u ho kch thc v gim thp nht ti mc c th tn
tht m khng lm nh hng ti kh nng chu ti ca .
Yu t thit k chnh i vi cc trn hng knh l c tnh n nh
ca chng. Khi xem xt kha cnh ny, h thng turbine tng p ca ABB c lu ,
trt nhiu vu gim chn mng du nn l la chn tt nht. Nhng nh
vy c tn tht cao hn c mng lt quay t do. Loi sau xt v mt kha cnh
khc, c c tnh n nh khng . Do thit k mi vi cc nhiu vu
c hm thy lc khng cho quay c pht trin thnh loi hn hp ring ca
hai loi.
116

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Hnh 5.6: Mt ct turbine tng p ca ABB TPS37Bng cch cung cp du nhn tip tuyn c kh nng gim tc quay
khong 20 % so vi loi ng trt quay. Nh thit k pht biu, gii php ny m
bo n nh hiu qu tt nh vi loi trt nhiu vu thot mng du b
nn; v tn tht c gii c th c gim hn 20%.
Pht trin ca seri TPS..-F33, c gii thiu nm 2001, tp trung vo tng
t s p sut ( ln 4.7 vi bnh cnh my nn ch to t hp kim nhm) v lu
lng, trong khi vn duy tr hiu sut, tin cy, tui th cao v bo dng d
dng (hnh 5.6)
Seri mi bao gm bn loi c kch c khc nhau, vi kch thc c bn
tng t nh trong khong TPS..D/E v tng cng s th hin ca s tng cng
sut. Kh nng lp thay th cho nhau cho gii php tt nng cp cc ng c.
Hnh hc vi phun turbine khc nhau v h thng tun hon khng kh khc nhau (
thit b tun hon lu ng trong li vo my nn h tr ph cho khong d lm
vic n nh v do m rng c c tnh my nn ) l cc la chn ty .
Dng lu ng c thc hin bi chnh p sut gia dng di v dng trn trong
v my nn.
S tng p sut c ch trung bnh ca ng c trong nhng nm gn y t
mt yu cu cp thit tng v mt cng sut ca r ro turbine tng p. Th
nghim n uc thc hin bo m thm trong trng hp xu nht ( v d, chy
trong h thng kh x) y turbine hoc my nn c th b chy tt c cc chi
tit vn cn nguyn trong v turbine v khng gy nguy him cho con ngi. Thit
k v turbine, k c cc vng chng chy n ngoi v trong, tm kim c gii
php ngn chn ti u.
117

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Turbine tng p seri TPL.

Turbine th h hon ton mi ca h thng turbine tng p ABB seri TPL
c ra i nm 1996 tho mn yu cu ca cc ng c trung tc v thp tc
cng sut ln nht, nh tht k t ra nhng mc tiu pht trin sau:
-T s p sut my nn cao tng cng sut ng c.
-Hiu sut turbine tng p cao gim tiu th nhin liu v gim nhit
kh x xung thp hn.
- tin cy, tui th cao v giai on gia cc ln tho bo dng c gin
di.
-Bo dng d dng thm ch i vi my hot ng di iu kin khc
nghit ( nh l ng c s dng nhin liu nng cht lng thp).
Thit k khng lm mt cho php gim s lng cc thnh phn so vi seri
VTR, tham gia vo vic gin thi gian gia cc ln tho bo dng ton b
(xem hnh 5.7 a,b,c).
Hnh 5.7.a Mt ct trch ca turbine tng p ABB TPL65.

118

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Hnh 5.7.b Mt ct ngang turbine tng p ABB TPL65.
Hnh 5.7.c Khi nim thit k modul ca ABB turbine tng p TPL: 1-B
gim m lc, 2- V xon c dn kh, 3- Khi r to, 4 V li kh vo, 5 Vng phun, 6
V li kh ra.
nh dng kiu modul cho seri TPL c tnh cht linh hot p ng yu cu
ca cc ng c hai k v bn k. ng c hai k vi cng sut tu 5000 kW ti
25000kW trn mt turbine s dng phng n TPL-B, c gii thiu vo 1999
trong khi model ban u TPL-A p ng yu cu cho ng c bn k cung cp
cng sut 1250 kW ti 18000 kW trn mi turbine.
119

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Mc du s khc nhau v nhit ng lc hc v thit k, cc seri TPL-A v

TPL-B c cng chung c tnh : v d nh phn TPL modul c bn v hp
gia cng ton b b . Turbine AII TPL bao gm b li gia cng b r to.
Cc phn v pha my nn v pha turbine c ni li vi nhau bng cc mt bch,
v tt c v u khng c lm mt. C th tho ton b turbine tng p, k c
vnh phun khi pha my nn, ch cha li cc ng kh x cc v tr khng ng
chm ti.
Cc turbine tng p AII TPL c cng ngh tng t dng trt c
tuyn la m bo tui th lu di. Cc hng knh, loi khng quay, c
trong b gim chn mng du nn c tc dng tng n nh ca r to trong
khi gim cc lc ng hc v tng cng kh nng ti trn cc hng knh.
chn chnh c a chu ti t do nm gia trc quay v v tnh. ny chia
i gradient tc theo khe h hng trc cc tn tht v ri ro mi mn c
gim i; nh cng ngh ny, chn cng c cho mt sai lch rt nh v
nghing ca r to.
V cc ng c hai k c h thng bi trn c lai nhiu bi bm in hn
l t lai, vic cung cp du s c phi c thc hin m bo l turbine tng p
hot ng an ton thm ch ngay c khi mt in ton tu. Turbine tng p TPL c
th c trang b thm mt kt du s c lin thng gn vi phn trn ca v .
V h thng ny da trn c s trng lc nn n hot ng khng cn bt k s h
tr ph no.
S ci thin v nhit ng lc hc t seri TPL trch ra t gia nh turbine
dc trc mi ( TV10) va uc pht trin c bit cho h thng turbine tng p
dnh cho ng c hai k. Nm kiu cnh turbine v trn 20 kiu vnh phun c th
c dnh ring cho model TPL, cc d tr la chn ny cho php c tnh ca
turbine tng p p ng yu cu p dng trong mt khong rng.
Hai tng my nn hng knh mi c pht trin cho dng h TPL. My
nn TPL-B c bnh cnh nhm hp kim loi n hnh dng thit k bnh cnh c
cc cnh tch ri v cnh cong ngc li sau cho hiu sut cao v c tnh rng ca
my nn. Hiu sut cao nht vt cao hn 87 % t c. Cc ng knh my
nn c lm rng hn lm tng tip theo lu lng th tch, do vy to iu
kin ph hp ti u ca turbine tng p vi p dng ng c.
Model TPL 91B, tip theo ca cc model TPL 73, 77, 80 v 85B, c gii
thiu l turbine tng p ln nht th gii, t lu lng th tch 50 m3/s v t s p
sut l 4.5. Cng pht trin vi ABB v IHI c giy php chng nhn ca Nht bn,
model ny khi u vic tng cng sut ng c hai k hn bt k mt loi no
hin thi trn th trng.
ABB c k hoch tng v hnh hc ca turbine tng p cc loi khc nhau
nhiu hn cho cc thit k ca n, khi h thng th nghim thnh cng vi
model TPL 65 trc khi c s dng.
120

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5.2 TURBINE TNG P NAPIER.

Turbine tng p Napier gc ca Anh, hin nay l mt thnh phn ca nhm
Siemens, cho ra cc seri 7 v seri 8 ca turbine tng p Napier dnh cho cc p
dng trn cc ng c diesel hai v bn k cao nht ti 11000 kW trn mt turbine.
Turbine tng p seri 7 ph hp vi cc ng c lp mt turbine tng p cng sut t
1500 kW ti 6500 kW. Model 297 v 357 c pht trin t cc th h trc
ca cng ty t t s tng p l 5:1, hiu sut chung vt qu 70%.
S pht trin ca seri 8 c kch thch bi nhu cu cung cp turbine tng
p c cng sut ra ti 11 000 kW. Seri turbine hng trc ( hnh 5.8) dn u
qua cc mden NA298 v NA358 vi hiu sut vt qu 70% v t s tng p 5.5
gip gim thp hn sut tiu hao nhin liu v ti trng nhit. Cc chi tit c
tng cng ca bn trong khi cc thit k khng lm mt tham gia vo vic gim
trng lng ton b. Cc bn trong c s dng ln u tin turbine Napier
c kch thc ny, cc c cu thy ng lc hc bo m c tnh ng hc r to
n nh v c bit lu bn. Vic b tr mi to iu kin cho vic s dng
dng kh x vo turbine tng p theo hng knh v dc trc m rng cc la
chn lp t cho nh ch to my.
Hnh 5.8 Mt ct ngang ca turbine tng p Napier cho ng c trung tc.

Hai thit k bnh cng tc my nn ring bit cho kh nng cung cp cc
c tnh khc nhau i vi hiu sut ti u trong cc p dng khc nhau. Cc c
tnh khc bao gm mt bch x (loi b yu cu i vi cc phn trung chuyn) v
mt bch gi kt ni c ng vo v ra ca du nhn. Ci tin i tin phong khc
ca Napier-cu trc li rt ra c mang li li ch v kh nng phc v ca seri 7
121

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v nhng nh dng ny cho php ngi vn hnh tho v sa rto v theo

mt quy trnh n gin khng nh hng ti cc kt ni x. Cc vng quan trng
nht nh vnh phun cng c php tip cn ti.
My nn titanium to ra tim nng ng hc v cc c tnh c kh tng
cng c ln k hoch thay th cc thnh phn nhm nhng cc tinh t thit
k ch cho php p ng yu cu khi gn vi nhm.
Cc yu cu ng c nh hn c p ng bi cc turbine tng p hng
knh lm mt bng kh Napier 047, 057 v 067 trong 7 xri ph hp vi cc ng
c cng sut 500 kW ti 1700 kW v t t s p sut cao nht l 5. Ap dng c
trng bao hm c ng c Wartsila 20 v cc ng c lai my pht in ng knh
xi lanh 200 mm Circa. Model 047 c c im pha trong v khng lm mt.
Ging nh cc turbine tng p khc trong seri, cc c thit k s dng du
bi trn ca h thng du nhn ng c v t tui th rt cao thm ch ngay c khi
dng du nhn b nhim bn. Model 047 c cc chi tit kt hp cu thnh
turbine tng p t hn 50% so vi s chi tit ca th h trc ca n, Napier CO45.
Kt qu t vic dng s cc chi tit t i v bo dng n gin, khng yu cu
dng c chuyn dng hoc khe h t a ti tit kim chi ph. Vic gn gi cc
phn v li vi nhau s dng cc kp n gin.
Turbine tng p hng trc mi hn l model Napier 457 v 557 s dng
cho ng c c cng sut 4000 kW ti 10000 kW c c im trt thy lc
b tr pha ngoi c tui th cao c cung cp du bi trn trc tip t h thng
ng c chnh v c v lm mt bng nc.
Hiu sut cao ti mi t s p sut c thy t cc seri s 5- v 7- thng qua
cc thit k kh ng lc turbine v my nn tin tin. Tng my nn c c im
bnh cnh hp kim nhm lin khi c ch to trn my cng c 5 trc (hnh 5-9).
122

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Hnh 5-9 M hnh 3D CAD ca bnh cnh my nn turbin tng p 457 th

hin cnh nghing v pha sau c nghing ph cu trc lin khi.
Cc cnh c dng ng v pha sau v nghing v pha sau mt cch c
bit bo m c tnh cao v thit k b khuych tn hnh cung c cong khc
nhau (DCA) cho php phc hi cc i p sut nh cu hnh ton b ny. Cc ng
phun c ch to m bo hiu sut cao c cc cnh dng profin dng cho cc
turbine loi tng p hng trc ln v nh.
Turbine tng p Napier s dng thit k HF m bo tui th lu di,
thm tr khi ngay c khi lm vic vi du ng c c cht lng km nht: mt
c tui th hn 20000 h l bnh thng.
Cc tham s c tnh seri turbine tng p Napier
Seri 7-
Seri 8-
Kh nng ca t s p sut
5:1
5,5:1
Hiu sut @ : 5:1
65%
70%
T s p sut ti im thit k
4:1
4,5:1
Hiu sut ti im thit k
70%
75%
Hiu sut @ 2,5:1
65%
70%
123

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5.3 TURBINE TNG P MAN B&W

Hng ng c MAN B&W ca c cung cp mt lng ln turbine tng p
dng cho ng c 4 k v 2 k, hin bao gm cc seri NR/R, NR/S, NA/S/T9 v
seri th h mi TCR v TCA. Thm vo , seri turbine ng lc PT/PTG hin
ang hin din dnh cho cc h thng lin hp ng lc. Cc seri NA/S v NR/S
c gii thiu k tip trn th trng. Vo nhng nm 1990, cc c im cc v
khng lm mt ca cc turbine tng p v bc trt ca chng t pha trong
theo c tha nhn bi nhiu nh my ch to turbine tng p khc.
Seri turbine tng p hng knh seri NR/S c thit k cho php iu khin
an ton t s p sut kh tng p ti 4,5; m rng khong p dng y ; kh nng
s dng nhin liu nng khng hn ch; v cc yu cu bo dng c gim
xung. Su model-NR12/S, NR14/S, NR17/S, NR24/S, NR29/S va 2NR34/S to
ln mt chng trnh bao ph c seri turbine tng p hng trc nh nht c ch
to NA/S. Cc seri hon ton khng dng nc lm mt (hnh 5-10) l s pht trin
tip theo ca turbine tng p NR/R, c cc c tnh bnh cnh my nn v turbine
c sa i li. H thng bc trt t bn trong ca MAN B&W c s
dng, lc chiu trc hin gi c hp thu bi chn ring. Nm model trong
cc seri turbine tng p hng knh p dng cho cc ng c c cng sut nm
trong khong 400 kW ti 4400 kW ng vi mi turbine.
1-R to vi trc
2-Bnh cnh my nn
3-V
4-Ong lt
5- V li kh vo
6-Vnh phun
7-B khuych tn li ra
124
8- V my nn

_______________________________________________________________________
9-B khuych tn
10- B gim n, lc.
Hnh 5-10 Turbine tng p hng knh MAN B&W NR/S.

Cc mc tiu pht trin i vi seri turbine tng p hng trc NA/S v
NA/T9 ca MAN B&W c lit k trong danh mc c tnh sau:
-Cc ng c 4 k vng quay trung bnh: t s nn vt qua 4; hiu sut
turbine vt qu 60%.
-Cc ng c 2 k thp tc: t s nn vt qu 3,6; hiu sut turbine tng p
t t nht 64% (khng trang b h thng turbine ng lc c lin quan); hiu sut
turbine t nht l 69 % ( c h thng turbine ng lc ).
-T s p sut ti 4,5 i vi NA/S v 4 i vi NA/T9.
MAN B&W tin hnh cc nghin cu l thuyt v thc nghim trn cc
thnh phn chnh ring bit ca turbine tng p: my nn, turbine v . Bn cnh
hiu sut cao hn yu cu turbine, cc mc tiu bao hm c vic t c s n
nh dao ng i vi cc cnh v c tnh lm vic m ti nhit thp ca .
Bnh cnh my nn hng knh lin khi c cc cnh un ngc li sau mt
cc lin tc c la chn m bo t s tng p sut v lu lng tng ln, v
n nh dao ng c ci thin. Bnh cnh mang 10 cnh chnh v 10 cnh c
chia i. Vic s dng cc cnh c chia i cho php tng hiu sut t s nn
cao hn 3,5; v duy tr mt d tr an ton chng li s lm vic khng n nh
ca turbine nhng khong ti b phn. Cc lp ph bo v khc nhau nh lp ph
Kepla v Alumite c nghin cu dng bo v bnh cnh my nn chng li s
tc ng n mn lm hao ht bn mi di tc ng ca ng sut un ngc.
Hiu sut cng t cao hn vi phn trm do pht trin bnh cnh turbine
mi v bi ti u b khuych ng kh ra. Cc cnh turbine c cho kh nng
gim gi thnh kh ln so vi loi rn, trong khi vn duy tr c tnh vt liu v
bn mi di tc ng ng sut un ngc. S lp t trt trong h thng
to iu kin cho vic nng cao chng dao ng ca cnh v s hot ng
cc m ti t s nn cao ti 4,5.
Turbine tng p loi S c c tnh v turbine v khng lm mt nc,
cho php b lp v hai lp vch nng v b ni ng nc trc kia. Tuy nhin,
cc v c lm mt nc c duy tr cho turbine tng p NA/T9. Cc th
nghim vi turbine tng p NA57/T9 dng cho my MAN B&W 6L60MC thp tc
cho bit t c hiu sut 67,5% ti 100 % ti; t s p sut kh tng p trong
khong 3,6. Hiu sut cc i 69 % o c ti ti ng c l 70%.
Cc seri NA/S a ra cc model NA29, NA34, NA40 v NA48 v seri
NA/T9 a ra cc model NA57 v NA70, cng vi khong cng sut ng c bao
trm t 1650 kW ti 24500 kW. Hiu sut ca model NA34/S dng cho ng c
125

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MAN B&W 6L40/50 trung tc t c 63% ti ton ti (4320 kW) tng ng t

s p sut l 4.
Turbine tng p seri TCA
Vo 1999/2000 MAN B&W quyt nh pht trin mt th h turbine tng
p hon ton mi thay th seri NA, cui cng xut xng seri TCA
(TurbineCharge Axial) c bnh cnh my nn hng knh v cnh turbine hng
trc. Cc nh thit k thc hin cc mc tiu: lu lng ring tng; hiu sut
cao; nhim ting n thp; d dng bo dng; d dng lp t ng c; tin cy
cao vi tui th di lu.
Seri TCA tr thnh sn phm qua model TCA77, hnh 5-11 vi cc kch
thc phn thn b xung t TCA33 ti TCA99 c lp k hoch theo trnh t thi
gian v p ng cc yu cu ca cc ng c 4 k v 2 k cng sut ln nht ( xem
bng). Hu ht u c trong ba phin bn:
-Phin bn 2 k- t s p sut ti 4,2, c bn dng cho ng c 2 k
-Phin bn 4 k- t s p sut ti 4,7, dng c cho ng c 2 k v 4 k.
-Phin bn p sut cao-t s p sut ti 5,2, dnh cho ng c 4 k vi p
sut hu ch bnh qun cao.
Hnh 5-11: Biu hiu sut turbine tng p mu u tin ca MAN B&W
TCA77 (gch gch) so vi hiu sut cc i ca thit k mi nht thuc dng
NA57.
Cc seri turbine TCA MAN B&W / cng sut ng c trn mt turbine
tng p tnh bng kW.
ng c 2 k tiu th kh ring
8,5 kg/ kWh
ng c 4 k tiu th kh ring
6,5 kg/ kWh
TCA33
2800-4300
TCA44
4100-6200
TCA55
4400-8200
5800-10800
TCA66
6200-11600
8200-15200
126

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TCA77
8800-16400
11500-21500
TCA88
12400-23300
16300-30300
TCA99
18700-31300
Thit k kiu cu thnh modul cho php turbine tng p p ng cc khong

p dng rng nht c th. Khng kh c ht vo hoc qua b lc, gim m dn
kh vo, v hp vo thng gc 900 hoc dng ng gp vo; kh x i vo turbine
hoc dn qua v hng knh hoc theo ng trong v hng trc. Thit k c c
im v c bn ring r ni ting seri NA. Phn thn v c xon ca my nn
hin tn ti hoc l mt hoc l hai phn y i din, v loe rng hai phn dnh
c u th trong vic gn mt turbine tng p cho ng c ch V bn k, trong
khi phng n v loe rng mt ng y ph hp cho cc ng c b tr xi lanh
thng hng thng ng hai k hoc bn k.
C bnh cnh ca my nn ln turbine c th c iu chnh theo yu cu
ng c bng chn khong cao v dng cnh. Cc rnh khuych tn v cc ng
phun b tr c bc rt mn trong tit din lu thng kh qua cho php turbine
tng p c chnh tinh vi ng c. Kh nng vnh phun c iu chnh trong khi
hot ng l mt la chn thm sn c cho kh nng thay i cc ln.
C mt s cc nh cc kt ni ngoi. pha ng c v chnh h thng
thit b ch c cc kt ni b sung- v pha kt ni kh v khng kh l mt ng
du vo v ng du thot ra, cng vi kt ni th dnh cho khoang du. Khng
c cc kt ni nc lm mt hoc kho kh, ng du trn ph hoc trn du bn
ngoi cung cp nhiu qu mc yu cu. Mt tin ch hot ng khn cp c bit
c kt ni vi turbine tng p cho php n hot ng tip tc trong trng hp
khn. Tt c cc thnh phn v nng hyu cu trang b v gim n v nhit mi
vi lp v kim loi dng l, lm gim rt nhiu nguy c ngi trong bung my
tip xc vi b mt qu nng.
gii hn tn tht , ng knh trc quay c gim i trong khi rt
ch ti ng hc rto mc du gim i, n vn c kh nng tng n nh
rto so vi seri tng p NA. B phn quay c lp trong v trn cc bc
trt hng knh. V thit k bc trt ni nn lm gim mnh mc ct trong cc
khe h , so vi loi bc trt c nh, c hai tn tht v mn c
gim i.
chn c trang b vi guc ni t la hot ng theo cch tng t
nh cch cc bc trt ni hng knh thc hin. chn c nh v
ngoi hng knh pha my nn, to iu kin thun li cho vic tho r m
khng cn phi tho v b phn quay. Thc s chn chu ng sut hn
hng knh ( do chu lc chiu trc ca turbine v my nn) lm iu ny c
mt ngha ln trong vic to iu kin d dng cho vic bo dng.
c cung cp du bi rn vng b tr trong v . Du cung cp
hoc t pha phi hoc t pha tri ca turbine tng p, phn phi du nhn ti tt
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c cc im ca , v vic cung cp do kt du trc nht s c cng qua cc

rnh vng ny.
Khng c v c lm mt bng nc. Nhit vo t my nn v turbine
c tiu tn vo du nhn vung ln t trc ca b phn quay. V vy sng m
du to nn c th nh xung vch ca phn v bn trong c kch thc tng i
ln, do vy cui cng nhit cn tiu tn c hp th i. V c l thng kh
ca chnh n, bo m l khng kh r r do my nn y vo trong khoang qua b
kn trc ca b phn quay s khng lm tng p sut trong khoang cc te du
ng c m c tiu tn i ngay.
Tt c cc thnh phn dn khng kh c ti u ho ph hp vi dng dng
kh v gim ng sut khi s dng cc phn tch 3D CFD v FEM. Kt qu l
turbine c cc cnh bn rng c b tr lp vo rto ca turbine qua cc chn kiu
nhnh thng. c tnh ca cc cnh nh vy l t s bn ngang so vi chiu cao s
ln, iu ny to ra cnh lin khi, rt vng v kh mn. Cc cnh turbine c th c
cc gc nghing v chiu di khc nhau. Vi s h tr ca cc cng c thit k tin
tin, hin c kh nng b i nhng dy lin kt lm nhim v gim dao ng do kh
x to nn, thm ch c cc p dng ng c 4 k. iu ny cn to iu kin
tng cao hiu sut hn bn cnh vic ci thin profine ca cnh.
Nh seri NA, trc turbine c hn kiu ma st vo vi a r to. a r to
(trong trng hp turbine tng p TCA77 a ny hp th lc qun tnh trn mi
cch bng trng lng mt xe ti hoc xe gong) c ch to t thp rn hp kim.
Cc vnh phun, vi thit k profine cnh mi v b khuych tn li ra turbine tng
p va kht cng tham gia vo vic nng cao hiu sut.
Bnh cnh my nn hot ng tc vng khng ph hp khng vt qu
500 m/s, to ra lc ly tm va phi. c th chu c tc ng ca lc ly tm
ny, bnh cnh c ch to t hp kim nhm bn cao. i vi cc p dng ni
cc thnh phn tip xc vi cht n mn, bnh cnh my nn c th c ph mt
lp chng n mn c bit.
Thit k mi ca v xon c my nn v cc thit k vnh phun mi tham
gia vo vic to nn turbine tng p ph hp ti u v c hiu sut cao, trong khi
vn m bo h thng c ci tin gn c my nn mi cho php tho chng ra
cng d dng. Bnh cnh my nn b thay i hnh dng do lc ly tm mnh tc
ng ln n; iu ny c khuynh hng gy gin n theo hng ng knh, lm
gim kch thc theo hng trc v lm cc l rng ra. Thit k mi m bo t
nh tm tt bnh cnh trn c hai pha kh vo cng nh vng lm kn. Bu lng
sut b gim kch thc theo hng trc v h thng gng cho php dng c
xit m men nh to ra c lc xit bu lng sut theo yu cu. nh tm tt lm
cho n c kh nng tho v thay th bnh cnh my nn m khng yu cu cn
bng li h thng quay.
nhim ting n turbine tng p xy ra trc ht bnh cnh my nn.
Do mi bin php nhm vo gim ting n tp trung ti vng ngui. Ting n
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c to ra bi s lin hp ca thay i p sut li vo bnh cnh my nn v s

tng tc gia bnh cnh v b khuych tn. nhim ting n pha vo c gim
seri TCA nh ti u cc c cu thy ng ca bnh cnh my nn, a ra mt s
tho mn chp nhn c gia hiu sut my nn cao v nhim ting n. Thm
vo , b phn lc gim m c thit k c cc thnh phn tm cong b tr
hng knh, lm gim nhim ting n mt mc ln m vn duy tr mc tn tht
p sut thp.
gim n trong b gp kh tng p ng c, s lng cnh trong b phn
khuych tn c lm ph hp vi s cnh my nn; thm na, b xon c
my nn cn c trang b lp v gim ting n. Tt c cc gii php ny lm gim
ng thi mc nhim ting n xung thp hn nhiu so vi seri NA v tho mn
mc tiu duy tr n di 105 dB(A) theo 1 mm khong cch theo yu cu bi
hip hi phn cp v phn loi ca ngnh i bin.
Khi dng h hng turbine tng p c th l t nht gy cnh my nn hoc
mt vi cnh turbine- cc bc phi tin hnh l m bo khng c mnh v no c
th thot ra khi v turbine tng p v gy thng vong. Tt c cc gii php chng
n s dng turbine tng p seri TCA da trn tng l lc ny sinh khng th
hp th bi cc thnh phn rn chc c. Phng sch thay th l dng cc thnh
phn mm chuyn nng lng ng hc ti bi cc thnh phn gy ri ring bit
thnh dng nhit ma st, do vy m trnh lm h cc thnh v do qu ti cc b.
V xon c my nn, v v v hng kh ra khi turbine, c gn li
vi nhau bi 24 bu lng sut chc chn. Phn v xon c my nn l mt chi tit rt
chc, trong khi phn lng trc tip quanh bnh cnh my nn c lm bi cht
mm do gn bi cc bu lng lin kt di. Khi bnh cnh my nn b n cc cnh
my nn dn ti phn lng vo. Phn cn li ca may tr nn kt gia phn
lng v v . Phn lng c ko v pha b lc gim m tiu th phn ln nng
lng ng hc ca cc phn mnh vn. Cc mnh vn c nm ti gia b xon
c v v ; nng lng ng hc ca cc mnh vn b trit tiu hon ton.
pha turbine, im h hng c kim sot c nhm vo phn ni gia
cnh turbine v r to. Do bo v s n phn turbine d hn pha my nn,
trng hp t nht, do mt vi cnh turbine c th gy khi, v d, mt trong cc
mnh v ca sp pp x gy nn. Cc thnh phn bao quanh bnh cnh turbien
c thit k c kh nng hp th nng lng ng hc ca vi cnh turbine b v.
Turbine tng p seru TCR
Pht trin thm Seri TCA, mt chng trnh mi ca turbine TCR loi
hng knh c cung cp theo 6 kch c t model TCR12 ti modelTCR22- p
ng cng sut ng c t 390 kW ti 5000 kW vi t s nn ti 5,2. Thit k hon
ton mi c c im turbine c cc cnh, vnh phun v v phn kh ra ti u
CDF; mt vnh phun c th iu khin c hin l phn la chn thm. Bnh
cnh my nn, vnh khuych tn v v xon c cng c ti u CDF tng
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hiu sut c dng tun hon ni b m rng thm d tr gii hn mch ng. Cc
bc trt c tnh cao c ti u ho gim thiu cc tn tht c kh.
130

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5.4 TURBINE TNG P MITSUBISHI

Cc th h thnh cng nht ca Turbine tng p MET c gii thiu t62
1965 bi Mitsubishi c c tnh v dn kh vo ra khng lm mt bng nc (hnh
9-12). Yu cu cao hn v t s p sut v hiu sut cao hn c gii thiu ca cc
nh thit k Nht vi s pht trin cc seri MET-SD, mt cch mng ca chng
trnh MET-SC. Cc c tnh chnh ca cc seri trc c gi li nhng cc
model mi khai thc bnh cnh my nn hiu sut cao hn khi phi hp 11 cnh
lin v 11 cnh x i b tr xen k.
Hnh 9-12 Turbine tng p loi MET-SD Mitsubishi
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Turbine tng p MET-SD c hiu sut bng MET-SC khong tc thp

nh vng tc cao khi t s p sut vt qu 3,5 th hiu sut cao hn 4-5 %.
Cc lp t ng ng kh, khng kh v du nhn khng i khi b tr lp t.
Nm model trong cc loi MET-SD p ng ring cho yu cu tng p c khong
cng sut t 1800 kW ti 18000 kW ti t s tng p 3,5. Lu lng khng kh t
model nh nht ( MET33SD) n model ln nht (MET83SD) ti t s p sut
thay i t 3,5 ti 37,5 m3/s.
Rto ca turbine tng p MET c bi trong dng bc trt tui
th cao bi trn dng du h thng cho my chnh. V dn kh x vo ln l mt
cu trc gm hai phn bao gm v trong c th tch ri c lp vi b phun
turbine v ngoi c nh cha trc r to gn vi bnh cnh turbine. V bn trong c
th lun sn sng cho vic tho bulng v rt ra khi v ngoi cng vi b phun, do
vy cho php h bnh cnh turbine v b phun kim tra hoc bo dng. Nu
cn thit, bnh cnh v rto tubine c th c tho khi v ngoi.
Mitsubishi nhm ti t s tng p l 4 v vt qu vi cc seri cui METSE/SEII, l nhng ci c cng cc c tnh chnh vi th h MET trc :
-Hon ton khng lm mt (khng n mn axit sunfuric v turbine)
-B tr bn trong (d dng cho tho lp)
- trt (tui th cao).
Thm vo , cng nh cc model trc , cu trc vch trong, ngoi c
c p dng dnh cho v dn kh vo to iu kin d dng cho bo dng kim
tra pha turbine; v mt kt du nhn c ct p c kt ni v mt cu trc bi
trn hiu qu rto turbine tng p sau khi dng khn cp ng c. Turbine tng p
MET-SE cng dng cc cnh loi b ngang rng ci thin c tnh vng t s
p sut cao.
Su model chng trnh MET-SE/SEII th hin cc loi t 33SE ti
90SE- cung cp lu lng kh thay i t 3,1 ti 53 m3/s ti t s p sut 3,6, tho
mn cng sut ng c trong khong 1300 kW to871i 24000 kW vi mi turbine
(hnh 5-13). Hiu sut turbine tng c tng cng bi bnh cnh my nn c c
tnh cnh profine 3D cc i c tnh ng hc kh, v cnh turbine khng yu
cu c dy gim chn.
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Hnh 5-13 Khong lu lng ca turbine tng p Mitsubishi seri MET-SE

v MET-SEII.
c gii thiu vo 2001 tng cng cng sut my tu congtainer ln,
thit k MET90SE c khong lu lng cao hn model c lu lng cao nht trc
l 83SE khong 30% nhng ch to hn khong 10%. Lu lng ln hn do
model MET90SE tng kch thc c c bi vic tng t l truc rto v ci thin
bnh cnh my nn mi v cc cc turbine mi. S gia tng ca lu lng ca cc
bnh cnh v a nh vy khng lm gim tin cy v c tnh l thch thc
chnh i vi cc nh thit k turbine tng p Mitsubishi.
Vt liu bnh cnh my nn khc i nh l titanium v thp c- c
nghin cu dng thay cho nhm truyn thng s dng dng trong cc turbine tng
p MET. T s p sut ti 4 vi bnh cnh nhm kh t c do h thng lm mt
khng kh bnh cnh v cnh my nn c thit k li. Bng cch gim
nghing sau ca cnh t 35 0 xung 250, t s p sut c th tng m khng cn tng
tc vng ca bnh cnh.
Mitshubishi p dng thnh cng bnh cnh my nn thp khng g loi
c c a chung hn chi tit lm bng nhm hp kim cho turbine tng p METSH ca Hng. Nhu cu tng cao ca th trng v vic nng cao t s p sut my
nn ln mc cao hn khuyn khch s quan tm ti tnh cht tng thch gia
bn v tnh cht kh ng hc ca thit k bnh cnh. Misubishi t ra vic gii
quyt cc vn tc vng bnh cnh cao hn, nhit cnh ca my nn cao
ln, ti trng b mt cnh tng tng ng v vn ti u ho cc c tnh kh
ng hc ca lu ng dng kh cao hn vo bnh cnh my nn.
Cc hn ch trong vic gii quyt cc vn ny thc hin vi bnh cnh
hp kim nhm, mt kim loi Mitsubishi vn thng dng cho turbine tng p MET
do bn ring cao v tnh cht gia cng tt ca n. Tuy nhin khi cho bnh cnh
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hp kim nhm hot ng ti nhit trn nhit x l (190-200 0C), s e do v

gim bn vt liu xut hin v phi c trnh mi nguy him ny. Ty theo
nhit khng kh vo, cnh my nn c th t mc nhit ny khi hot ng ti
t s p sut quanh 3,7.
Mt hp kim nhm c tnh rn cng th hin bin dng tng cao ti nhit
quanh 1600 C v cao hn, yu cu phi cn nhc khi thit k trnh ng sut vt
qu ti cc vng cnh my nn chu nhit cao.
Bnh cnh thp khng r loi c dnh cho seri turbine tng p SH cho
bn nhit tng cao v cho n kh nng tng t s p sut ln ti 4 v cao hn khng
cn gim tc vng ca bnh cnh. bn vt liu c ci thin cho php cnh
my nn c dy gim i hn so vi loi lm bng hp kim nhm, d tc vng
tng v t s p sut cao hn. c tnh ny cho php tng s cnh trong khi vn
m bo tit din hng lu thng cn thit, do ci thin c c tnh kh ng
hc ca bnh cnh. Bnh cnh thp khng g ca turbine tng p MET42SH, mt
model ch to u tin trong seri MET-SH c c im 15 cnh lin hon ton v
cc cnh x i xen k.
Bnh cnh c c khi lng ring ln hn yu cu ch trng c bitt ti
n nh ca r to. Trc r to ca turbine tng p seri SH ln hn ng knh trc
ca seri SD c pha my nn t pha ngoi chn tng khong cch
gia hai . Cc th nghim cho thy l mc du trng bnh cng tc bng thp
khng g ln hn, tc gii hn cp 3 i vi rto ch cao hn tc cc i cho
php vo khong 50% , m bo an ton rto.
Hiu sut tng ca turbine tng p l khong 68% c ghi nhn l ca
turbine tng p phin bn MET42SH c cnh my nn ln gc ln v pha sau v
t s p sut l 4,3 dng cho ng c diesel lai my pht.
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5.5 TURBINE TNG P KBB

Cng ty con ca nhm Ogepar, KBB chuyn v turbine tng p ca c
(Ch u ca Kompressorebau Bannewitz) cung cp cc turbine tng p hng
knh v hng trc dng cho ng c hai k v bn k vi khong cng sut 300
kW ti 8000 kW. Cc thit k c c tnh l cu trc lin hp mt khi, cc
bc trt b tr bn trong, c c hai loi v hp c lm mt v khng lm mt
nc.
Seri tng p HPR c 4 models ( HPR3000, 4000, 5000, 6000) loi turbine
hng knh dng cho ng c khong cng sut t 500 kW ti 3000 kW vi t s
tng p max l 5 v hiu sut chung trong khong t 63 ti 68%. Seri 6 model
turbine hng knh R dng cho ng c cng sut t 300 kW ti 2800 kW vi t s
tng p 4 hoc 4,5 v hiu sut chung t 62 ti 66 %.
H thng h tr d phng HPR v seri R dnh cho tng tc rotor np pha
my nn bng cch phun khng kh nn vo vng ca bnh cnh trong mt khong
thi gian gii hn. H thng nh vy khc phc phn no nhc im ca turbine
tng p mt cp khong ti nh, ci thin rt r tnh nng khi ng ca ng
c.
Turbine tng p hng trc seri M c 4 model ( M40, 50, 60, 70) dng cho
cc ng c c cng sut t 900 kW ti 8000 kW vi t s tng p sut l 4 v
khong hiu sut chung nm t 65 ti 70 % (hnh 1-14)
Hnh 1-14 Turbine tng p hng trc seri M ca KBB

C hai seri turbine tng p hng knh v hng trc cng chung cc c
tnh nh l: cc l loi bc trt b tr bn trong, bi trn dng du nhn h
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thng ng c, c thi gian s dng ti 20000 h, v turbine khng lm mt; v

c cc v ly khng kh vo, b phn l-gim n khc nhau to iu kin thun li
cho lp t trn ng c. Mt d phng i vi seri R-3 l loi turbine tng p
hng knh c c tnh: khong lm vic m rng m men ti tc thp; tng tc
c ci thin, khi t, tiu th nhin liu t hn.
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5.6 TURBINE TNG P TURBOMECA ( Hispano-Suiza)

Thnh vin nhm SNECMA : Hispano-Suiza ca Php lin kt vi hng
Hng khng Allied Signal ca M vo 1990 pht trin seri NGT ( New
Generation Turbochager) dng cho cc ng c trung v cao tc cng sut 1000
kW ti 9000 kW. Vo nm 2002, SNECMA chuyn hot ng turbine tng p ca
mnh sang thnh vin nhm khc, Turbomeca.
Dng h NGT bao trm bn thnh vin che ph ln nhau: HS4800, HS
5800/HS 5800, HS 5900 v HS 6800. Cc gii php sau y c c tnh dnh cho
HS 4800 v 5800: hiu sut ng entropi my nn t 86% cc vng s dng,
hiu sut chung 73-75% trn ng c; t s p sut lin tc t 4,5 ( my nn lm
bng nhm) v 5 ( my nn bng titanium) (hnh 5-15).
Cu trc lin khi v trng lng nh do s dng thng v chn
bn trong v s dng nguyn tc khuych tn ( hng knh + hng trc ) chia i
ti li ra ca bnh cnh my nn. Phn my nn c c trng l s dng bnh cnh
hp kim rn c c bn cao c cc cnh nghing un ngc (loi n), v hp
kim nh c c, v hn 20 hp phn ca cc ming ct v b phn khuych ln
gc. D phng tun hon trong ca my nn (CIR) ti u ho hiu sut ti ti nh
v tng cng d tr gii hn mch ng ln trn 20%.
Phn turbine c c im : hp kim nikel chrom c dng lm vnh phun;
hp kim c gia cng li ti nh my c chu ng qu nhit cao (mt thit b
chng dao ng lp cho h thng turbine tng p kiu xung lc); 28 hp phn ca
cc ming ct v din tch vnh phun; x khuych tn ti u tham gia vo vic
ginh hiu sut tng cao. Tng thch hon ton vi hot ng dng du nh c
n nh cho thit k.
Thit k m bo vic bo dng d dng do hon ton loi b vic lm mt
bng nc, v nh dng ti u ca dng nhit bn trong lm n gin ho vic lp
t ng ni cng nh bo dng. Cc chi tit hon ton c th dng lp ln cng
c s dng; ton b cc phn r to c cn bng ring bit v c th c thay
v tr theo nh yu cu m khng cn tho tt ra v cn bng li ton b. Phin lc
gim m; my nn titanium, h tr phun khi tng ti tc thi; b cm bin tc
lp khng cn tho r; c cu gip lm sch v ra turbine, my nn trong khi hot
ng l nhng d tr ty chn.
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Hnh 5-15 c tnh dnh cho turbine tng p HS5800 Turbomeca.

5.7 LP MI LI TURBINE TNG P
Li ch ca vic lp mi li turbine tng p c khuyn khch t pha
cc nh ch to khi cho rng cc model th h mi c hiu sut chung cao hn
nhiu th h trc c th l mt vn rt ng u t trong nhng nm gn
y. Lp mi li cc turbine tng p c hiu sut cao mi cho cc ng c c hn
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c th c xem xt mt cch kinh t theo mt hoc nhiu lun im theo nh

ABB trnh by sau:
-ng c c nhit kh x cao; p sut khoang qut khng th tng c
ti mc bnh thng; khng cn c th hot ng ch ton ti na.
-Nhu cu cn gim chi ph nhin liu hoc nhim kh x.
-Nhu cu cn tng an ton hot ng ca ng c cho mt giai on hot
ng ko di.
-c tnh ng c yu cu ti u i vi hot ng chm hoc dng hot
ng mi khc.
-Tui th khng tho mn ca cc chi tit chnh ca turbine tng p lm
vic do n mn hoc xi mn; kh c ph tng ca th h turbine tng p c hn
mt s nh my v c th rt t; cn t hng thay th turbine tng p th thi gian
cung cp qu lu.
Hnh 5-16 Li ch ca vic lp mi li turbine tng p i vi nhit kh

x v sut tiu hao nhin liu theo ABB : ng hiu sut thp (ng gch gch)
th hin cho turbine tng p VTR.1 cn ng hiu sut cao hn (ng lin) ng
vi turbine tng p VTR..4. khi thay th cho VTR..1
Cc c tnh li ch t vic lp mi li (hnh 5-16) cho thy nhit kh x
gim i nhiu hn ( gim khong 50-800C) v sut tiu hao nhin liu gim hn (3139

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5%). V turbine tng p khng lm mt ca turbine tng p mi cng bo m tui

th cao hn i vi cc chi tit chu s mn do n mn, xi mn. Hn th na cc
bi cu v bi a chng mn thng dng cho turbine tng p loi VTR..4 ca
Hng cho c tnh khi ng tt hn, c tnh ti nh c ci thin v tng tc
nhanh. Tng cng tin cy cng c ha hn bi turbine tng p hin i.
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5.8 H THNG HN HP TURBINE

Hiu sut cao ca mt s turbine tng p ln lm tng qu mc gi tr p
sut cn thit yu cu bi ng c, cho php mt s kh x c trch ra cho turbine
ng lc. Mt s h thng hn hp turbine nh vy c a vo ng dng ch
yu cc ng c hng MAN B&W v Sulzer chm tc, c bit c ch trong k
nguyn gi nhin liu tng cao.
Turbine kh ng lc c b tr hoc l cung cp thm nng lng y trc
tip cho chn vt qua c cu ly hp hoc dnh lai my pht qua c cu ly hp c
bit power take out / power take in ( PTO/PTI). H thng tng hiu sut ca
Sulzer -dng h thng turbine ABB ha hn tit kim 5,5 g/kWh, tng hiu
sut ng c ln 54% m khng lm nh hng ti vic s dng nng lng kh x
cho cc mc ch tn dng thng thng (hnh 5-17).
Bn cnh tit kim nhin liu ln trong sut di cng sut ng c, h thng
tng hiu sut trn c th gip gim cng sut ng c chnh cn cung cp c cng
mt mc tiu th nhin liu c ch. Khi so snh vi ng c c gim cng sut,
h thng cho php b hn i mt xilanh ng c (ty thuc loi ng c v cng
sut/ vng quay ca n), cho mt li ch l chi ph ban u nh hn v bung my
gn hn.
H thng tng hiu sut c m t c s dng nh mt h thng On/Off
c th dng khi ti ng c t 40-50 % ti nh mc tr ln, khng lm nh hng
g ti tin cy ng c. Nng lng kh x c tn dng mt cch n gin t l
vi kh x c thot ra khi ng gp x ti turbine ng lc ABB lp song song
vi turbine tng p cho ng c. Turbine ng lc hnh thnh mt modul khi
cng vi b truyn ng bnh rng c khp c kh vi c cu lin kt PTO
ng c thp tc hng Sulzer RTA. Nng lng kh x tn dng khi c truyn
trc tip ti trc khuu ng c, cho php ng c hot ng ti thp hn khi cng
sut lai trc chn vt vn khng i nhng t mc tiu th nhin liu t hn. H
thng tng hiu sut s t ng ngt khi ti gim qu hoc khi man iu ng tu.
141

_______________________________________________________________________
Hnh 5-17 Phc tho v c tnh ca h thng tng hiu sut ng c

Sulzer.
Cc li ch tng t cng c thng bo bi h thng turbine hn hp/ cp
cng sut (TCS/PTI) MAN B&W b tr trn ng c MC thp tc c ng knh
xilanh t 600-900 mm (hnh 5-18). H thng khng p dng cho cc my nh hn
v kch thc ca chng v hiu sut thp hn ca cc turbine tng p dng cho cc
my . Turbine ng lc MAN B&W v ABB c s dng, tng ng, vi
turbine tng p MAN B&W v ABB phc v cho ng c. Ti ti trn 50% so vi
cng sut ti u, turbine ng lc c kt ni vo trc khuu qua h thng ly hp
thu lc v khp khp ni mm.
Lng kh x thc s dng cho TCS ph thuc vo hiu sut ca turbine
tng p v s ph hp ca turbine tng p i vi trng hp ring. Cng sut TCS
142

_______________________________________________________________________
gim ti ti thp hn do lng kh gim nh hn: ti gi tr 50% ti ti u th cng

sut TCS/PTI ch cn li l 25%, vic ng gp tit kim nhin liu trong trng
hp ny rt nh. Cng sut TCS cc i thng bng khong 4,2% cng sut ti u
ca ng c v cng ty thuc turbine tng p c la chn.
Hnh 5-18 B tr h thng

TCS/PTI MAN B&W ng c chnh
v thit b lai turbine ng lc i vi
trc khuu.
143

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Turbine Tang AP

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Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

PHAN II: TURBINE TANG AP

Hnh 4.1 : th quan h lu lng v p sut, hiu sut ca h thng tng

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

Ni chung cc turbine tng p u thuc loi turbine xung kch c phn

Hnh 4.2: Turbine hng tm

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

tip khng c b tr chung ng ng thi trnh nh hng ca cc pha trong

Hnh 4.5: phn b p sut trc turbine xung lc v ng p.

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

Theo c tnh ca TB-MN ta thy s lm vic mt n nh ca TB-MN tng p

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

" ho" ca turbine my nn l mt trong cc biu hin ca lm vic khng n nh

khi vng quay turbine

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

ng c tnh quan h gia p sut v lng tiu hao khng kh ca my nn

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

gim chn lp trong , cc lc nh hn quan h vi ngoi l u th

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

Hnh 5.2 Turbine tng p VTR ca ABB loi lm mt v khng lm mt.

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

khng phi tho b gim m. Ting n ca my nn c gim theo yu cu ca

Hnh 5.3 : (a) Hiu sut turbine tng p l hm s ca t s p sut my

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

Turbine ca turbine tng p VTR..4E c chn cho seri VTR..4D v n cho

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

vo gia nhng nm 1990 seri TPS, c thit k dng cho ng c 4 k c

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

to thun li cho bo dng v lp rp turbine tng p ln ng c mt cch n

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

Turbine tng p seri TPL.

Hnh 5.7.a Mt ct trch ca turbine tng p ABB TPL65.

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

Hnh 5.7.b Mt ct ngang turbine tng p ABB TPL65.

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

Mc du s khc nhau v nhit ng lc hc v thit k, cc seri TPL-A v

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

5.2 TURBINE TNG P NAPIER.

Hnh 5.8 Mt ct ngang ca turbine tng p Napier cho ng c trung tc.

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

v nhng nh dng ny cho php ngi vn hnh tho v sa rto v theo

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

Hnh 5-9 M hnh 3D CAD ca bnh cnh my nn turbin tng p 457 th

Hiu sut @ : 5:1

Hiu sut ti im thit k

Hiu sut @ 2,5:1

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

5.3 TURBINE TNG P MAN B&W

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

10- B gim n, lc.

Hnh 5-10 Turbine tng p hng knh MAN B&W NR/S.

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

MAN B&W 6L40/50 trung tc t c 63% ti ton ti (4320 kW) tng ng t

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

Thit k kiu cu thnh modul cho php turbine tng p p ng cc khong

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

c cc im ca , v vic cung cp do kt du trc nht s c cng qua cc

Tong hp va bien soan : Nguyen Van Sn

c to ra bi s lin hp ca thay i p sut li vo bnh cnh my nn v s