DIPMETER : THE

GEOLOGICAL EXPERT
SYSTEM

Introduction
The DIPMETER ADVISOR program is an application of
Al and Expert System techniques to the problem of
inferring subsurface geologic structure.
The discovery and draining of fields is a painstaking
process involving inferred reconstruction of
underground geology.
The presence of prehistoric beaches, deltas, and
faults several thousand feet underground are
important information suggesting the likely location
of oil bearing formations.

 The complete process is based on measurements

provided by a number of probes. The probes are
lowered into a well and then slowly retrieved,
measuring various physical properties of the rock
every few inches.

 The knowledge base currently contains a few dozen rules

that infer the existence of geologic structures from the
presence of various features in a log.
INTERPRETING A LOG
log analysis involves :
Initial Data Reduction and Validity Check
We begin by applying the feature detector operators, to
produce the first level of data reduction and abstraction.
The first subset of rules is then invoked, examining the
log for signs that the data are bad, and checking for
several typical causes of error

 determination of structural dip

Inclination of rock layers results from two
different processes. Small scale processes
(river flow, tidal action at shorelines, etc.)
produce characteristically varying patterns
that typically extend over 10 to 100 feet, while
large scale processes (uplift or subsidence of a
whole region) contribute additional, relatively
constant dip, that extends 500 to 1000 or
more feet. The large scale phenomenon is
referred to as structural dip.

 analysis of faults
The detection and analysis of faults is
thus an important part of the
interpretation process. The subset of
rules dealing with fault analysis is
invoked in this third stage, looking for
discontinuities in structural dip and
other signals of faulting action.

 assembly of a composite picture.

Thus, when data from multiple wells
are available, it is sometimes
possible to produce a composite
picture that extends over several
acres.