RESEARCHES ON THE MEDITERRANEAN COAST OF ANATOLIA ANEW PALAEOLITHICSITE AT BELDIBI NEAR. ANFALYA\ Prsliminary Report EVER ¥, DOSTANCL In February 1959, under the auspices of the Faculty of Letter, Ankara Usiveniy, [ndertcok palienshtepologieal and pees fore recarches om the Mediteranesn coat of Anatoli. between [Antalya and. MGrmaris and in the province of Mu ?. ‘The chet ‘im of there researches wat to ake wtndngrinvorinnncavesand ack Stlters which Thad observed ia 1956 when Twas a member of joint Boropran-Turksh geolgial, palacontolgical and palaesantnopo= legit expedition which wasinvetgatry theaouthern cua of Turkey between Antalya and Famir* Among the places which had paticulaly Sie Fy of Ley, Ord Pek Fem Aten toe Chena Dh Pant Sa ol wae for ing the netesnry poiion for thee nocache: the abot Antlye, eS, pnp nd see tig fee Pinnenel (Gag Peta Uatvry(Ccmanyh 8 a,sstraced my attention were Bodrum, Fethiye, Finke and Belt near “Antalya, ‘The later distri van imporzant one fom the Palaesithie foint of view, especially a cave called Kara In? Bek had not, Rowever, been investigated until he visit of che expeition mentioned ove, Neve findings st Belaibi wil be deat with Below, and Till Aescibe briefly fist my reearches at Fiske, Marmaris sd Mls first visited the ock thelr ealed Cuvuet Te at Valin Koy boat 15 kas. fom nike during the above-mentioned expedition in {996 At that dime we were able to examine ony surface Findings and mmong these Tad picked up two in objec, one of whieh appeared to be of Movsteian types. In 1959 therctore I thought ie would be ‘worth taking ssmallsounding toasertain the level Tepened a trench fone and a half metres wide and two meties long and at a depth of [bout one and s half metres reached the limo the deposits. At one Inet ten ems: ptery appeared belonging to historical an protlie- tori periods, but no Hit tools emerged. The stratigraphy didnot therefore confirm the sitace findings and there appeared tobe no trace of prehistore eceupation of the rock shelter Tels posible therefoe that the surface findings mentioned above may have Iboensethod down from tke upper terraces anda thorough invee tigation of the area, which Teoks a promising one, should be made. ‘Another preliminary sounding wat an at Kara Tn caveat Koala Koy near Marmaris, opened a small rench ts depeh of abot 3 rete, hich wan the total depth ofthe depts but tee wat na tace ‘ofany ocupation. There are, however, several other rock shelters nd ‘aves in the vicinity which would probably be worth investigation ‘At Mugla, the Director of Elation had Kindly obtained fo me fiom members of hie sta the names ofseverl caver snd rock shelters inthedistict which ie thought might be worth investigation Untortue ile We Anan Ne fre Zing, ry oa ig Ba 15 2b Newey 9 When Prfbaoe Blin and Profesor” Koenigwoald examine tha pices ANEW PALAEOLITHG SITE AT aELDIML 7 rately there wor no time to vist any of these caves, but Las able to ‘cco of two fs beds inthe area, at Madanlar, in Vatagn Koz, in the goren ofthe school. The ebtitems of interest were the tsk of snadultanda baby mastodon, togedker with eth and. bones? ‘On my return joumey to Ankara, T noticed un the ight sie of| the Isparta rad near Bordar Lake alate Neolithic settlement with Flin an obsidian industry near small and epring called Ici ‘Tepe, Thee shoul also be worth inesigation ats later date RESEARCHES AT BELDIBL elie smal village 29 kr. inlandl abou go miles oes of Antalya, It atthe foto the Blmalt range, the norOeasten face Uf which formed the Boundary between the geographical arest Called in claiel times Leia se Parola, the late forming the pin of presentday Antalya (Ser alo note So). The ste of Tris, fone of the oldest ccs of Lela is situated im the mountains above Beldii ae an altace of aboot nine hundeed melee, ‘What [vas particularly anxious to investigate further were some paintings situated onthe rock face at Karn Buca near frie nd atoctive valley which rundown t the ea litle tothe nowtbot Beldibi. Although cultures of the Palacolithic and many bistorial periods ore vic in the Antalya district, no rock paintings had up Trin been ditcovered® ‘Abt naenty-Fve mete abe wa level and £60 metres fiom the sea, terrace hat been formed by fallen rocks ana earth a i nove Covered by pine trees. Thisterrace i roghlysem-cirelar and slopes tlownvsarde and the evlement area underneath able in the li Forms Tange rock shelter, I aio thee is eave here which Is Foxmed in two parts The wer eection, which isapprosimatey ¢hrce are bog veal by Koken, Ang to trip a to et ‘Scat toy eee oan urmrenip fave bet aa be ayPa LENVER Y. HOSTANGE ‘metres in width, would have been imposible olive, a8 thas een filled ep toa height of about Five metres with deposits and, pebbles fn other raters The top of the deposi in go metres above the p= feat sn level.) The upper section ofthe cave fsbout a mettes above the grownd. By placing lle re trank upright gent the reek ae, [yas able to limb into this upper setion and iavetigate due tnerioe [ismonth s three metres wide and 5.5 metres high it sg metres long sud the back tite widen pare meanores5 mete. With favourable situaon facing the sun and overlooking theses, twa have provided {most suitable place for a family to live, although it height above {he ground mont have madedt inconvenient to geein and oat-On the ‘other hand, ts postion must have alfoded good. protection from ‘wld animals 1 noticed that there had been deposit of eed cast i the wpper ‘eave na height of about 120 emu, I could sce tht this had been 7 taved comparatively recently and tht ws in fact confirmed by one fthevillagre working withme,chotold me that head hirselfhiry years previously climbed into the cave to search for uney or ther tbjects of vlue andl hal thro al the deposits to the grounds Tie solved s problem wih hod passed members ofthe 1956 expen, ‘ho had collected inthe few hours they were there mixed ptery, Imjerods aad various types of line fmplemenss. The satrap in the sounding alto showed that above the recent material there were Drimitive pottery and fin ols which mst also have beon town from the upper eave ROCK PAINTINGS AP HELDIDE ‘The paintings begin 1.45 mete above the presen evel ofthe ground and are onthe ightae ofthe cave. The ares covered is 1.90 ‘metres high sad! 1.50 mets long. The paintings of which there ae Fiflen, are well dcteibuted inthe sren snd met of the fst sues, re uted to advontage (Patel and XV). They are redish-brown selena Bese ce Ti et ints tendo hese ‘esto o decide whether there is onneaon withthe Tythelan ‘cm 8 ta Se snes nan as owt ap Thy ie ene edt cloth Maw PA pebble ete, a Pela alguns salu agearolne wees mano om Pertanian man (No 3 25, Sopp, Bra aod Obsumar Gg) re comple NE Hewes Suh hie crate appre Eg #00)a EVER ¥ BOSTANCI ceutal onc, the horizontal ine extends upwards ome side whieh gives the impresion of representing an arm. In chi way, resembles he figure onthe extreme right of the group (Plate I, No 10). ‘Beewoen the to clearer eruelormtigures isa very bows sche aati design of an animal, resembling a mountain goat (ibs) (Plte TLNo 5+ The pigment which has been wed to pane this anal fa much darker ted thon the other desig. The body frepresented by only aatruight linc, 15 ems, in length, an te legsby four short ‘were liner of ems, each. ‘The tai just indicated by a short Tiroke ats narrow angle tothe body. The mo caspicucs feature isthe lage curved horns which extend 12 ems. over the length ofthe fsimal and. there is 9 geometrical shape apparently touching the tnd of the bors. ‘This representation of an animal is the mot prominent figure in she Beldibi group snd is of 4 very similar type. t paintings lscovered in the Zaraljan valley in Tajitistan in Ads, ofan animal identified s¢ Cupra Sibiricn, which the les! people call Kiyik ‘he Beldibi aren thi anil called Geyik (er), obvionsly the same word in origin, although in reality the animal ia noe 2 deer Iutan ibex or mnuntain gost: This ara, which is atil fated in the district, but is eoly found rarcy, hat long curved homme. ts coat ight brown in colour, with 4 darkcnown line running slong fhe Fidge of the back from head to til, and the underneath ofthe bay if white) Inthe Tajistan area of Asta there are many romps of aiznal paintings of this type and their Cinder hae dated hem ax probably of Epipalaclithte and fist Neokthic periods Engeavings in a similar stylet the Beldib painted animal are finn at Demir Kap in North Iq, near Mul # Tn ado, animal engravings have beon dscovered im Cascasiay on the suthe fm shore of Lake Gokcha, in Sy and in Asousn,!® On the Pept a teehee om aca Pitard, 1gg9. Ps rocks at Polak meas Adiyaman in S.E:Turkey, engravings were “Geovered in tog which have been idestiied a mountain goats Gnd the technique is considered to be similar wo chat of the Magds- ienian period, Also iu 8. Turkey, there are schematic designs fi animals engraved on the forks of the Hakkori-Sit Mountains fn the Gevavub valley, but ict not known yet to what period they belong. “Avcan besten frm the above, this type of animal painting and cngraving # common in Asia and the Nesr and Middle Past, but it {hot be sid that they all belong t the aime period, for theee are Comserable variations inthe techque of the arts. The prople ‘ho lived inthis port af the world in prehistoric snd protoistorie Times mast obviously ave considered his animal as of great Importance [Just touching the base of the right-hand cruciform figure and to aeftont of theasitnal je ereslarshape, but witha flattened bas, ‘Femen wid, divided into oursections (Pate T,No.6,)-The ver Tettine continues downwards and is 14 ems. in enggh altogether ‘A the bse theres an inverted semi-circle which, according to Brew ipa indication ofa female figure inthe rock paintings in Spin and Trance anu this hos probably the some meaning at Belibi. This Figure is ls similar in desig to some ndker scheme petroglyphs tdseoveted in Spain and compared by Obersier with the painted pebbles of the Allan pesiod fom she Mas Az ee Va 1, 9. 4 Stem Maa nao tet eb yore ol ors tat des seed ha a Seria sen yee raed th tl af ea Intense he gn let:Tis interesting to mote that in respect of winged tanged point fom the sounding there are similites beowoun the Bld ‘material and the Parpallo complex of Spnin. In the sume way Asian points and painted pobtles at Belli can be compared ‘vid these fom the Mas az Aine tothe right and below this figure is another similar in esiga but lightly Lager (Plate T, Nog). The bass 1.5 cms, wide nd the vertical ine sry em. long. In eal ofthe four divisions is 0 mand mot, andthe extension the vertieal ine down wands is otto leas ab the vock face esomerwhst uneven at this pint, butt appears that the line divides into tw ‘Uaderneath the animal and also beneath s slight projection uf te rock isthe second moat striking figure (Platel, No.1). This Ik ig ems. high and resembles a man with hit hands on bi his “The body is comparatively. very long andthe lines indicating the lege are excemely short There i a third line in the centre similar to what Breil considers is a representation of the male orga in ‘the rock paintings of Spain ond Franc."® ‘The hend_gives the Jmpresion of being horned or of having very large eats This could be in imitation of an animal and the attempt t combine human and animal charactersties may be comaected with fete Figures, ving similar position ae regards the arm have been fond in Spaim and Asin Wenow come to the dee Figueesin the bottom Ie-hand corer “The ists another emciform figure, es ems high and 9.7 ne wide (ate T, No. 12}.0n the top ofthe vera in insu lint comp letecicularstape, cms diameter, and atthe bottom isan inverted semicircle, At each end of he hoizatal line there slighty curved ‘etical Hine. To che vight of thsi Figure rather simi to the one already described at che ep of the group om the right of the antl (Plate T, No. 19), bu instead of a flatenedcireular shape atthe top Brel, sys, Vo. A, m9, i Beal 453, Va ly gy Fg, Pate VIL enw a 9: Tt, Nex nd Se lk, ge. 3 Geni a 8 Tale No 25, ‘hereisonly a semivcecle witht lateness. Sime deigashave been described by Breuil among the rock pointing of Eastern Spain. To the ight of the figure just mentioned, ie 2 rather faint quilters) cre (Plate T,No. 14), whieh the. sole example ff this type of figure inthe Deldibi group. ‘This (igure i found in the Upper Palaeolithic period asa decoration on bone. * Tt alto exits em the painted) pebbles othe Aslan pried fom ‘he Mas Ail, which, according 9 Piet, hada symbolicmeaning In addition i can be observedn Neale rock paintings im Spain hich were compased by Obertnier to the Mor oAail desig fd fund tobe very similar in conception. ‘The equilateral eres hha been discovered engraved on the stones of Neolithic tomb ia rancesonpottry fou lake stations ofthe Rowrget lake; and onGirt Iron Age pottery. ** There are. snatnecs of equilateral croses ia ‘megalithic engravings, on Bronze age ceramic, and itis aly sign ff the Phocnician alphabet, This sign sscen not only in Earupe Ie cam alo be obverved ia red Nevlithe tock paintings in the Urals om the ViserRiver*™ Io Anatolia, at Alaca Hoyilk a era shaped amulet ined eorelian frm the Copper Age wos discovered landslvercroses appear onthe backs of Capper Age state of cr inbronze andl copper als found in tombs st Alaca Hoydh* Cross tals appear on pst Phrygian potery from Alka Hoyik and on Pheyulan from Pazaeh. As cam be see, there are nemerous examples of the equilateral rou n vations pare ofthe world and in many periods. No doubt it Pens, 1698 pan FR gS Fa an a np om = Gaptin rel al ChatonocavLanay, 04.123, 13, si Roy one Pot Li, Ne 335 nie at Koy, coe pe itha been hand down fom Upper Palacoithic to recent times in an interrupted teadition. ‘On smooth section of the sock fice, snmewat epartfrom the other figures, ba T-shaped sign on isd, formed of three wnequal tranches (Plate I, No. 13. The horiwontl Hine, which ix Bem. tong, extents slightly aver the vertea! one, which is 14.2 ems. The werteal branch ives into two atthe top aid bottom and the lle Tide athe horinontl ranch also has the sme formation. The general Impression given ir fa cor which els one ofits branches and it thts resembles tae ptinee con which Pete noticed onthe painted pebbles ofthe Ms d'Aai,exoept for the shape of the extremes of the branches 'T and ¥ shaped flint objects were found in the sounding undertaken in fort of theeave, Teis hoped dha forer Cecavatons may clarify the relationship between these objets and the similar shapes 5 the pairing. © ‘There ae three small geometrical shapes remaining, ome of whic dna ales hoen mentioned touching duehorns ofthe animal Figure (Pte, Nox. 4.7.8). This combination of geometrical sapes with snitals hae been observed in the Magdlenian period in Spain (the Parpallo cave) # and another example from the Upper Palzesithic i it Minateda in Spin, Tusteated by Abbe Breil where tangue shape stn be aren sn contact with the hoes af a gout Tv the rock engrévings at HaklariSat in South Kast Turkey, there can be sean two ibex of mouneain. goats facing each olher Attached t the tp ofthe horns of ne of them isa geometrical shape ‘ad tovching the horus of the others che point of noe very clear eri Angle Thesthorshave observed onlyomesdeof ke triangle snd from the drawing obviously eegad it asa representation of a stickin the Jhand ofa chematiofigurenf man appearance just shove. ® There 2 ue, ap on Pie Pa "Fite ar sug tat io Aen Tand Y sped abe may have been ed or me tent oat ceri to Alene ths hypo eb Cay imapabe orion Amen a5 3D) "sObenasien tony Bs isasecond triangular shape, agin not very clear inbetween the horns tnd the body ofthe sme anima, This reminiscent ofthe two tie {lor shapes which appre inthe Hldib painting (Plat 1, Now. 7 End) There alsoapprarto bea geomesieshapein contact wih the forms of another animal at Habkaei™ and there iswhat I consider to ‘ben tangle touching te eatemity ofthe horns of et another one. ‘Aer an exatnnaton of the sboe-mentioned pictures, there car luc seen lose similarity between the schematic representation of the animals andthe geometric shapes n the Gevaruk valley and at Beli Such sian nuggets that tis style af re may fave & Wide disibution in Atatolla although wp to now there is not 2h great deal of evidence to confirm this. At wil be explained below, the dacovery of pained pebbles in the stratigraphy may connect the Fock printings to one af the layers in which they ere. found. [Although the pigment wed on ee pebbles inalioironoxide, theres no fstly similar shape among the rock paintings. Its hoped that farther excavation will prodice more evidence definitely to date the painting. ‘On the extreme right of the compotion ix anether group, only lone shape which can be disingvsheatal leary, aa white deposit from dripping water has suvered them, Te appeses to be a simple Selemate designs man with outstotched ara ada very long body (Plate 1, No, coer a0 em long and iocms.wvie. As mentioned above, tis igure i similar in syle to the ceteal cruciform igure, tht itis more cbxiourly a schemate human being "The general impression given by the paintings ith they nflot the primitive iessof the cccupantsofthecave an each othe designs fretuted on therockfucene doubt hasasymnbolcmeaning, Although itis not posible fo midestand the significance of ome of thetigures, it would seem that he artist has tried to explain in simple form the Dele ofthe people, Schemati designs are eharacterstie not only of the Mesolithit and fist Nealithie periods bu ao ofthe last stages of the Upper Palaeolithic, ll o which culturecare represented the serucigrsphy” ENVER ¥, BOSTANGE “The principal figure in the group ithe anima. To asin in thie hunting, magi was ao dowbs practived bythe people and posbly the gomettc shape touching the horns wat placed thee fora specific ‘reason in this connection. The figure which seems to combine uma $d animal characterises nn owt hal the sme pots, ENGRAVINGS AT BELDIN nthe cout ofthis loser examination ofthe rock fice at Hela 1 discovered an engraving o jumping deer partilly covered by the two painted figures inthe botom left-hand corner ofthe group. This ‘ga beautifil naturalistic representation ofan animalin movement and ftinsharp contest the aehematcdexgnof the paintings (Plate I). ‘iis sperpositon ofthe two pened figures ver the engravings has probably Been purpately done, no doubt by later inhabitants ofthe fave, who portrayed theirownachematc eprsentation of x mountain fgoathigher up the wek fice. This engraving ofa ronning dec isthe ‘eatest of collection of animal engravings of diferent species some at ‘which coms of only rw ines which together with the natural hope ofthe yockform an auimalshape. The wtlsaion uf natural projections fn the eck sknoen in Upper Palaeolithic or, About thee hours on Rt from Heli at Yatak Vert on the right side of the Belmar bron was told tit there wete more pant ingrinacave there. Twastiable to trace thee, but daring my search [uni fir back inside another cave on the rock an cngeaving af the horn ofa deer. The rest of the projecting part ofthe rock which bad thew formed like astalatte by deiping water and which most have ‘aried the animal's body an heat hd been broken off, probably by workmen orvillgers who had dag thre t lok for money or eld. Tied w locate the mising plese In the vicinity, but could ind nothing. The horn is deeply inci and this was probably done lore the sine had become Hardened. Teor the earth excarted. by the villagers, [fowndanme int aries fom which I gather that prchist= * Omer eagle afte sean of minmasc set on the sane teks sara ante fn Sinn Mc Alen, ep Vill Hs, Vater, Valet Char et Aton Amory sl Gaga Oborma, 1697 BB ANEW pyraroutta Te ST MELE uw ‘vie man did not init the cave continaouly, but no doubt visited ie setaonally fr hunting purposes, OTHER ROCK PAINTINGS IN THE AREA Doing an invertgaton of the dstect around Kum Bueage, Aiscovered anther set of tock paintings about xx klometres up the valley near to a place called Hyatt Lake in the Arp Meck Underneath them there was pit wich the villagers had dug inn emp tind money, no doube thinking tha the paintings had some Such significance, snd in thi pit could sea hae possibly indicating thot there wasacave whic had been ill wpThe paintings, of whieh there ane sven ae ll of» ercifirm typeof diferent sizes and see ff red colour The of them are simple eroses; one of them as 2 tc longer vertical Ine andl at the ether ina second shorter hori ntl Tne at ight ange tnt, One of the largest figures san almeast ‘quilted com, the extremities of which divide into ton. There Sls ammuch smaller crs osinlar type, bu thie not complete. The Femaining Figur in tne bet poston on the rock face fn ely large ile enclosing cree ‘As mentioned abuve, the eros has been uscd since prehistoric times as symbol ard the equilateral type hs often represented the tu, which. was worshipped in many” periods of hitry and prc history, Equilaeral ernses cleo in cicls have been ound in Al petods from the Mesolithic t historia times. The Mesolithic i fepresented inthe painted pebbles ofthe Mas Axl; inthe Neo Tihie this sgn fe found on potery*s in dhe Choleolithic itis fund om portery fom Yumi Tepe, Mersin, in Southern Turkey “saudi Pa ena i pd in he Nn Ree, pt ‘yi 15 4and there ate similar signs on painted pebbles of the same posi found at Abou Matar in Paleines in the Copper Age, there have been discovered in tombs at Maca Hoyth, Cental Ana folia, metal dics representing the son which cary on their edges mall circular sitelites enclosing a rght-angled cross in the Trosze Age on megalithic engravings at Vendce (France): on pottery found 3tVamik Tepe, Mersingt Taras andat Alsea Hoya, Etim Anatoli; andin Lon Age pottery rom Silk, near Hasan Iran. Inadition this figure eam alphabetical sign nthe Phoenican Another ancient writing ania Proto-Elamie Epigraphy in Persia Although thie set of pontings is not wery far Bom the Bedibi coup, iti ical to say whether they are contemporary oF not, tithoat farther investigation, While Twas excavating a Kor Boa oe of he igen fxme ne tht he knew fete group ak pains inthe valley Traween te Songnar tad Koes Hoenn {vested haley, wih stive hour rom Bel bal fac am Be coverdon hor Sek she wt bag tery climb on fe cata hee Pi Atowl spo mete sbove sn kel stinted on te western of Koen Bag ned ear Sengse sping, They ave on the ng of er ngs vk shes go meta ings 1g eto high abe § Tres deep They aro ihe od ou ta the ener a Bit ‘Amin py, Pate CMUML, fi 65, Pinte COLKIV, tie SSeS oH A at, Hee ete se SN ee Me at Nae Mert and ate quite ifiren a character, although they are abo sehemati Asians ‘Altogether cere are sixteen different Figures. One is erin probaly sepreseating x human shape, a9 ems. log by 7 ons. wide; at {he bottom ofthe vertical Hne there ie an inverted sembcele similar insite toone o ten ofthe Heldibi growpand the end of the horizontal Tine extends downwards to rrembleam. There are what appear to be fo sail figures, but is dial to ent thom, ltuoush one Could be azar about 11 cms, long and 9 eas. wide, There ave thre simple equilateral crom, one stall rectangle and one Figure, Gems. long and ems, wide saembling a beanshape Besides these, there va cele divided into sie scetions nd, most carious of aly what appear to me a thee alphabetical signs a (B) ane (L) and a iangula fhape all on their side. Hlte one immediatly thinks of the Mas {Aa painted pebble, among which thre are Band I. shapes in red coor, consider that hee psindngs might belong 1 one ofthe Blab altars but ite difiute to decide until a fll excavation has been Sndetaken near to the mek shelter. This willbe very dicule on Seeount of the large fallen rocke there, no doubt caused by intnquakes ater the panings hed ben executed. This i confirmed fr the fact that on the under stface of one of che fallen racks near 10 the tock. paintings one of the villagers showed me figure onsting of two red parallel Hoes. "The paintings seem to be Mevolichie ot carly Neolithic in syle. “They are probably lter thao hae at Bedi. The diet would have been very butable for prehistoric man to lve a there mt fave been many anim tobe hunted This valley, with is fet fuming water and wil fit, sch as grapes, igs, olives pears and ‘ro beans i avery agreeable place to ve in even today "To rommarie the acemunt given 10 far, it cam be stated hat afer 2 examination ofthe rock shelter at Kum Thcagy there. ae two Siferent ype of atom the seace of the rook, aehemate pant ings and nacralstic onimal engravings ‘the paintings are exceted im» relsh-brown colour and some ave much move distinee than others "The pigment was obtsined ey Tone VL ef Bp 44 FH 1,fiom iron oxde, of whieh there ie evidence in she soi and om the teil which came to light in the sounding “The paintings ace achematic in character and no doubt have a symbolic meaning. The design of an ibex or mountain goat (Pht I, No.5) ib obviously the most prominent figuee inthe group, and the |geametrc shape touching the horns may indicate that magic was Dsested by the occupants ofthe eave in connection with hunting. ‘The Figure underneath the projection ofthe rack (Plate I, No. 11), syhich seems to combine man and animal characttinicy, may aloo Be connected with ftshitie ideas. The ericfonm Figures (Plate 1 [Not 1 9,10 and 12) probably repreent simple schematic hu rman diagrams and the ure figures (Pate 1, Nos. 6, 9 and 15) are poniblysacher more complicated human chaps, lthoagh they ens kobe connected with fetishism ‘The engravings of a running deve and other animals are deply incised and are obviously older than the rock paintings. They no doubt belong tothe lower layer of the sounding (Upper Palaeolithic), ‘The later inhabitans of che cave may have recognised the carer artand purpossly superimposed their own schematic designs oni The area round Antalya isan important one at regards Palaco: lithic and arlour boreal caleuren but no rock paintings have nti now beea found cider i thie district orn. Anatolia general ‘The diawvery of art fom more than one period on te stne rocks together with evidence from the soning to indicate the succesive Isham of the cave, therefore of considerable interes and Importance. The relationship between the rock paintings and. the pln pebbles i tll noc Yet completely clea, 3¢ one ie entirely fovered. wth red pigment and. is ok sraigraphiclly than the one bearing the seuematic design (Plate No. Il, fig t and). “This shows a closer similarity to the rock paintings, which are possibly therefore late Mesolithic in dats, Alternatively the ti Aion may have continued into the early Neithc (Belebia). "The fact hat I alo discovered to other sete of sock paintings and one other eograving in the district confirms that great del ‘more investigation needed - ST EXCAVATION AT KUM BUCAGI, BELDIBE The sounding which T bogan at Kum Bucsin rock shel terse Beldi in May and continued ia September 1959 was made in font of the rock paintings. The tench was 1.5 mete wide and steed vertically 5 mctes trom dhe rock fice. Unforantey i {id not prove pose to cotinue this leg fr the whole oandng Mer reaching bout ts metres fom the rock face, we came upon the ‘nck ngain whic slope newarde and 3t the other end ofthe trench, ter going down Go ems large block of stone fallen om he eli ob: Surocted any further digging. The effective length therefore af his tounding wa three metres With the narrowing af the trench a the bot ‘omit wat inppessible to continue deeper than 2.50 mets. theetoe Secided t0 open another tench, parallel othe rock face and right fanules o the Tit enc, This was 230 melees long and 2 mctees, ‘wide and inthisit was pasible wo gotoadepthof¢52 meters Twas thus able tn check the sratigraphy of the fit teach ‘The top level conse! of very thin brown earth and humus together with pine needles al al pices of Heston ale rom the lop the elif where a new road is being made. ® The larger stones ‘shih fave flen for thi consricton have rolled Freer ott nd have parly covered the stlement ate, taking excavation more due than i eed! bave been. Underneath thi there was the layer tf redearth which had heen thrown from the upper cave, as mention ft above." xo iia ey rat ne yp he ot Jrsey aged to hf Nese pnd wah osetia ebay, whiehAfter thin layer of ums, which would ave forme he org aatap ce Laer A beg, Ath op ie th wee a fn blackened card containing email pees of tnoderm potty, and toward the tom of tele, there wa pry apa bl clr af varying eens ad with n desoaton of ye. This belonged to the cawial pri Inthe came prt otis layer, afew pices of tore primitive potery, together win lin imple, began (o appeat, oth of which had rok patina ad wich were probably inte fon the lower layers ‘The sil in the next layer B was rather more reddish-brown, Atte tp appears potery of very primitive (Neots) type, eget cr with Hint microli, iclucing various eypes of mireburin, and Tunates,tanged poins, tranches, aes without plished cating edge, small rige-backed sckle-blades eapeses, xemined knive and fow-heads. (Plate TV and V). There war no presure flaking on fither of the Iaer implement. There vere alo Tay large Dari fovered seth patina, (Plate V No, 15]. The line. industry shows a Mesolithic uadidon which enmes from the lower layer Tn this ayer there were uscd one ool, seme ft and seme pwined. ‘The potery i all of the same’ type. of workmanship, trying stom g mm. to 27 mm, thick (Plate IV, Nov #). T have Deen able partially reconsuuct_ one small round pot which has a comparatively ltge rough Matened base, 12 mm, tick, tapering to 5 mm. dickness at the top (Plate IV, No. 2) One large sherd gives the shape of another’ pot which fad a flit Imac, with side sloping “ovtwarde anda stright rim (Pate AY, No. 1, 7). Three examples af lugs were found, ane very large measuring 48 mm long, 45 mm. wide and 2 mim. thick (Plate 1V, No.6,8hg). 3" Thave ecanstructed one pero hog (Pate IV No. 9) (On the ise rarer ofthis herd here tee clearly to be seen three finger marks and. there ate. similar sees on the large. I mentioned above. Most a the sherds were entse and not welled Meni har iets boat 8 i A NRW PALAPOLITING SITE. AT BELDIBE i nd all were covered hy a thie Iayer of ochre rom the soil. One or evo pieces, however, sl showed 2 Mackish burnished surice, "There war nn. devoraton of any sore om any ofthe sheds. Towards the bottom pottery gradually diminished. and by the ead of thie Layer had daappeated altogether. ‘The conjunction of this pottery with the abovementioned type of tool sadleats a specialised ealure Which Fhave named Balin, ‘At the bottom, of Layer I there have fallen very large blocks of stone from the mock face and t was necusary co move one af Use ia fonder tn continue the sounding. ‘This operation teok ten ren three ‘ays to comple, The fling of wich large blocks wat no doubt the resulta very severe earthquake at the begining of the Neolithic and there are sinilr falls in ther rock sheers inthe datrce wich bear ‘ison, Earthquakes were alsoprobably reapoaible for changing the level ofthe spring inthe cave. which died up. at che begining of the true Neliie period. The increasing arity ofthe climate at this fimewwa ali no doubts contibutry fete. The earth atthe bottom of [Layer B underneath these lange blak, is redder and tore mineral ihed which indictes« phil period, and contains fewer Fizt tons Towards the middle ofthis ayer (C2, fin implements of Nae tafian, Capsin and Tatdencsian type began to inerease tn the ame par, there were various speries af wu and Tand sells some of which trem pierced, and alo nunerouranal pieces of false animal one, including large piece of deer horn. = addon some fragments of human sll occured, Sone ofthe pices of animal bone and human sll shoved sgn of having been burned. There aio emerged half of Tong holed stone objec, which would have no doubt been uscd 25 3 rman. ‘This was covered as wel with a reddish patina. In this ‘etion, although the fine indy mainly micolitic in character, it retabs tons of an Upper Palaclithc type. They inlode angle, becde-lute, polyhediie and microburng,ikle-Dlades, backed blades, ores endstrapers, small Take scrapes, notched lads, small fore and coreatrapers, mostly pyramidal in type, Bnted backed type kiates, tangs, apere, roughly Chateperron curved points, ‘one thumbnail scraper and one very Inge flake pardy retouched for teas a round semper (Plate VI}. In adition, there werea -ENVER ¥. HOSTANCL Dros-bated wiangular points of small and mediam sis wo flakes ‘with prepared sinking platform, one handsaxe type tool, or pik, 55 tam. log, retouched on only one ridge and with no polsh on ony pact One of the characterises of this setion of the layer wat final unifaced tanged points and tanged scraper on fakes (Plate KIL No. 11, 12, 19). Two of dhem were very much ke lartow-head one chipped on both sides ofthe tang. andthe other retouched on one side ofthe tang and one side ofthe po, which in this tol ison the bulbar side, A broken feaginent of ity sone, footed on oneside, was und and this woul probably have been ted as polisher for bone. implement, of which some examples Ihave been met within this layer There are thre small paallel Sided blades showing the sidgebacked (Helusu) technique which ppearsin the Natfian cultwreofthe Mugharetl-Wad in Palestine. Plate VI, No. 10, 10 3). One end is pointed by oblique fracture and the back, instead of being blunted, is ridged ad tse eating fge i slighty retouched on one sie, This specimen is only 16 ‘mm. in lenge. Squarecnded blades. also occured in this layer with the material Gren ths te inthe Acacdogy aa Avltvpniny Depart ete oa ray td hacen yay ia fen bone inplem ave pei brn nnd ache wna eg ae, PREVI Na 2B on ase I : cen IR Pie eo ad in Nail Nghe " Acontingn Gara mall am me tn sin he 47, Mate TX). Thete ste wechmical sii i the targed point Bt hla tin Cay ted wl ed pm te (Sika up) pe VI) aad in de Aslan be st Moar Trance (ven tnd Walaa ai) retouch sometimes on one edge and sometimes on botb. (Pate VI, Noo In Layer C2 dhe earth became more red. and digging was Increasingly dificle on account of the closer texte of the wi # The tools were mainly snr in type to Layer Cy but de srapers were lenge and silat thore found inthe Lower Natatian level ia Muge haree elcWadand at Mughavet el-Kebareh® (Plate VIII, No, 3). There were alo round and fan-shaped scrapes in this Layer and sre bores on lakes and aes Ae te topo the setion mieroburns Gf the me type atin the previous setion occurred (Pave VII, [Nou 9,10) There wat a tidgetacked type hate and two blades vith the back nt blunted inthe ordinary way bot wimmed t a ridge By chipping on both faces (Plate VII No). Ths method i typical tthe Lawer Nau ofthe Mugharete-Wad. Av also found i the ‘precing section ofthis ayer, Maden and Makes with prepared sing lotions occurred. Tanged points were of « greater arity than in tcl Mau on 488 Bi No. 9,3, 100. Yaa ey png ta No 8 Dani ope wr tie Nee, 144 Pam eh att Spo ose a.No gba 18.Ne a or mire oe igus 4p soy on Bare pS. gt anti pei nag Tec Mots ‘eos Akan iy eet ha Ie ened oe the dgutig etra e LntS REE emis ante he rae tou, (Gunton 8)tho lower layers asd they were monly prepared on fakex® There wee also mier-tanged Inpements An unusual type nan stall “Tahaped to: Phir ws forme ot lake wth ony the under tide ef the arms and the point of the T retouched om ihe per surface Small angular posi ko cccured inthis section nih one ee retouched or without retouch, whic choracersti of merle ils. Sete bade and some lates showed sigor of we Stall, tuned ada wae iw a heuer en Geral he Bes st endeney fo the but en beeline ot he pp ‘Perhaps the mos interesting discovery of the whole sounding were the painted per which we bud ner © Pate TH Fig ‘hese are the fr tobe fund in Anatol” At the op, the mos ime ‘ortanone came tight. sou ands ns long and 4) em tide 1 pind on ane eony wi dant ed pigment a) ‘he schematic design probably intended to reperat_a human beings" AS mentioned above, tere x no exact sitar between the design on the pele and eck paling lough there certain afi with one two ofthe Inter The pigment eon sae Ibotheasr Towards the oto of Layer Gasome oe round pees Ta Yap ak have hn nin th Asin comple of Neh ica quiets Aime meno te Ae Be na de Fran in vrs prof Frame gtd Endy a at ‘septal wah he we ohh they weep puta toy Sve water, mnt Pe, A ee ey + Alia ioe bu head erence ‘Gite e BET. A hte hs epee a ae enacged ome lege than the one jst mentioned. They appeared to fave been partly painted witha rd colouring, whieh cul be een aly hardened carta been removed, Arter smaller pebble Stetned to have been encicled with aed ine, but thisagain was fot very dear, aid a further one was completely covered with Ted pagent, Fhe two last maationed pebbles are older sraigraphi- Gall than the thers. nadie, there were collected some Stipnted pebbley both flst and sound, in this section Tn Layers GIAE the numer af bone implement aeressed and some nf them are probably pieces of arpoons (Plate XII, No.) {Ind spearheads, Two took are pointed at one end and have Vishseed notches atthe other (Pte X10, No.5). The bone indusry Miieks mosty- in small pieces wil be aiscussod afer further "ht the bottom of Layer Ca the lint indstey was abundant, bot ater tat thenuber and varieyofarafacs decreased and changed Jn type. "The layer ended with 2 depot which contained earth of = Took redder elour, though of a fer texte ad more mineral ‘This indicated that there wat another pluval period and the earth wear caried down tm the rocks by heavy rain, There no gap [itwcan Layer Gz and D as between the Mesolithic Layer Natfian Be and the Aion Layer © ot Mugharetel-Wads* ‘Air this, the eats became more sandy and Higher in colour. “The tnt in Layer D showed gradual change fom the peeecding layers in hat chee was greater proportion of larger tol his layer Heep scrapes on cor, angle, plghedrie and bree ute urine Tome with the working elge twisted) were more imprenive and thre were long blades with notcher om bath sides and end serapers on bidca A charsctertic of this ayer was unmistakable tanged points fo kd large flakes and blade,” Another characte Was 11 a in arin wh Laer Dm ey tae eee eee ie te former (Garey yp ta On ED en ie an rnp a, Mata yates (ius asp) nbc ase ith Moanfhe small but finely worked Chatepcrroa point, small and large tured points, some roughly and some more finely rewuched aed zarmow leaahaped blades, some sigh, with «blunting retouch on ‘one side, resembling Gravete point These types of tol lee oscar fe Aditian and Kebaran euares in Palestine: This layer alo picked Mousterian flakes, one of them having a bee-detlate arin ‘on the tp and the same ienplement retaiehed on the bulb surface to refine the sking platform on one side (Pate IX, No. a1 There was one Emirc type pone with retouch te lac end om bh ar ‘aces towards the boom of this layer, but it might be intrude om, te lover layers, as an example with Better yworkmansp wa and i the lowest layer." None ofthe points hs prepare sting pltrns fn tis Layer, bat thre flake with broad base have Been fared with prepated striking platform. Ths tation, which i sem i the upper layers i also continued in the lower ones Ta Taye D some seal Inch blades ceurred, a well as bldlets al few very sal burns together with hates ae anges, but eis pesnibe tha some of thee micros were inisive fom the upper layer, Transre and abi Auely truncate and recouched biaces with ange burs on thet also ‘emerged, dhe lver beng inthe majority. Ths layer yeted some ih pointed bone implements Ta the lower part ofthe layer were fund ore small piece of aka! bon lclonzing to foil Homo Sapiens An Layer E-which fllowed, the eench aruwe on account of the increasing number of large stonce which made farther sgging ISS Seopute saidshout be aried she Aone ‘Tou Kong ,au)-Up owe te 4 wn ier Sleek tipi ae ck? dds Sais ae ‘he Easy might fe eae fe atone oes cotenpany alee “and, tr pg Fa ono st (Gare, ta gh Pane nf & By Taser ly fica. Generally step serapers were larger, some with facets Slightly sted, and —hootabaped sorapers were fond, with ‘oblique font. and without any. working ‘on’ the back, One hootshaped teaper bad a polyhodric bun at the top, another a beedelate burn. There were seep round scrapers om sal and large thick lakes, abo end serapers om flake blades, oe large seep owe seraper™ and other nove scrapert on thik flakes and blades with fect lightly twisted. Fave tnged implements were of iflerent type tos the upper layers. They were all om thick snd thin fakes {Wo had beeae-Iste burns on thie tis; one hada seraper nthe tip and. another on one side aly. This lat one fad Fine retouch on {he sides but the striking platform ie rll on the upper surface and he sides o form a rudimentary tng, This particul foo alto ad an Angle burin on the tp. Another triangular point had inly faceted Dutt of “Cupis Bow’ syle and both maczins with @ litle retouch, Nearly halfthe upper surface at che bulbar cad refined by faking aud i very chin [Pte XTNo. 24)" Other tngulor pnts had faceted skin plates, wile some had plain striking por" Avion or Sarma Cave Ne Sek od enya at ‘aise wie ceed by Piel hear Adan with avec en ‘ed av Mie Atv Pata sh B13 ol Aecorg o Cone Tarpon, lied tang pole tade ke sz er an of oe "Gaon hemp coi ha te ‘ech ">the pin wee mented andy vary en a Fees me oto oil an erm of ighp mm for Gort 2a ip in) el et on Cree Samm ee Serpe, gpg tabi I) The are eve of ecient mn yer Wed hin cate ac go tn Sp spcmene om Moyer tuo san. Senn and st sha abe SerInthe aye, besides che large implements, dhete were lng lakes with fn without fetch; thie lakes ith bee-e-lote and ange Daas fone tip (060 with the working edge tw), polyhedse and angle ihn, Other characteristics of the layer were suaight blunted back pois some of them having both ies retouched on the tip, practically caial with thos in Layer D,* and small snd long Catelpcrron point, te of them simlar to thoxe ia the upper Layers. This Layee generally showed ote allnites withthe preceding lyer, but polyhedse and beedelice urine witht tated. working ge creased in number, while scraper and. one Font- Yves type pat fand one tanged sraper occurted atthe bot. ‘The last stage of the wounding, Layer F, yielded lat material than the upper omrs, One broad-based angular pint, 67 mm. long, hd seep retouch neat tothe point at one side and the other side slighty retouched, "The characters of thi point are the ehinning fone se of the upper surace on the bulbar end by chipping fn the slight retouch at the opposite side-on the bulbar fice (Pte XILNo, 1). Atypical Emirch polne was Zound in this layer of much Tince workuarship than the one mentioned beowcen Layer D and E. (Plate XIE No, 2,23) This typeof pone occur in North Alica inthe Atesian culture and in Palestine it found overlying the LevlloboMousterian and at the bse of the Aurignacan levels. "This ype of pone has alo boen found inthe Shanidar Cave in Iraq atthe howto of the Upper Palaelithie culture (Layer ©) and in ‘ett ane fom Seman, eho Ser nd a This peat wala peat in Lays Di ad Dea Magar ad snc he lee (Cro spe AV, Na ‘tsp ptr af ope nich eh in Plies yp) sc ‘tate per anette lve aay Yate 2). Layer Dy! at Mughatetel-Tabon inthe Judean Desert in Khang ‘Onasis Ateian syle Ys" in the Grote de Porespie at Desi in “Abyisinin "and at Mogharet cl Alivaa Tangier in the Uppex Pala Tike (Ateian) "Ta dhe same layer Chatlperton type points on blades with retouch down the back emerge, fome having curved pointand exe rag Other ols wereseeperaperson pyramidal foes anme of them being of the obliquettonted type long bladce Fetouched on one or both ses, some xquareeaded Long blades With transverse and ablique retouch, mow with angle burns on ‘hem plyhedsie busine and utie with the working cage twtr, fe with an opposed endscraper; two unified tanged points, one with @ Reep retouch on both sds of the tang and the other arse ‘hick lake slighty retouched om one Intra ede At the very bottom of Layer F long wiangular thick nd thin lakes increased, some with prepared striking platorms and some without Among these most were of end:bull type but there was oneside-bulb and the remainder were of abiquesbulb type. One ofthe latter wa 2 Mouseran type sd seraper Tei ail wncertain ether this tSpe (eo belong to 2 very thin layer or whether they ae, a8 seme the fase atthe moment, mised with Upper Palacolithic tole: The zeliet ‘ofthe bottom ofthe rock shelter i sil not very cleat, Deease it wll ‘eed a much more extensive excavation to cstablis thi, Tewould sex * Soe 295; 4a: Mate Vi Sle proume tha the ih pin ‘late by deft to he stp at Hela ae cnt ce fd ‘absine ol Spa arose iggy Pte SRV, Gi 12s PatXXVIE 7,8) srSeeCaoa Tisai gis OBE Pe 305 1. EON, De * Howe and. Movi 947-2 and 9.8.67. ‘The Pec s Moghare eya exit are isting the mer fee we A Sc Gard, 57948 lhe uersrce Avi sh po Cn spe. Cave Berton in athatthe botom ofthe stratigraphy has not yet been reached, as one side ofthe rock silter ha moe inclination towards the ea than nearer 0 the wall The results 20 far obtained rom the stratigraphy at Kum Bucs rock shelter at Beldibi may be simmarised ae follows The ratio a waste material 1 worked tools isvery high. The muateial obtained fiom the tp layers ofthe to soundings shows that after the early [Nenltie period tere was no continvour aceupation of the rock Seles. THesurounding area wntainaus and covered with Fess land here were only few open plaes in the district suitable for habitation, of wich Kum Bucage was one Layer A theteore i not 4 thick and) modern pottery is followed by sherds from the easial ered. Ta Layer B appears pstry of very primiive wpe, together with fing micros an! Inge and soll urine belonging to the eatly [Neolithic period In thin seston microburins of varius sypes were abo present, which shows he eontiuation o the Mesolithic teeinigue Jno the early Neoithc period. Up to now no polished hand-axes have ‘been found but there were pebble ance wilh convex can ede In Layer C1 there wax no. pottery, and the variety of fin, took inereised. In partiular may be mentioned varius types of bur, including mieroborin,Ianates, triangles and. sieleDlodes; tnlficed tanged points cores and coreserapers and takes, some of the Inter with prepared srking platforms: Thoee inereaing tools emerged, which show the rdge-backed (Heluan) technique eharac- {erie ofthe Natutian culture ofthe Mugharet el-Wad of Palastine Jn Layer Ga the tools were generally merle in character and Imicroburins were present atthe top of this section only: at the Dotto they had disappeared, Thete were Lower Natifian type tools hee including one ridgebacked (Heluan) type lunate and to ridge-backed. blade. ‘There wat alto a greater vasiely of tanged pins, A painted pebble with schematic dedgn om ft came to ight in this Layer, togedee wth two round pebbles painted ith red ‘colouring, in the lower par ofthe Layer, sind thse ae the fet to be ound in Anatolia. A number of bone implements emerged in Layee (, which exhibits mainly Magdalena charsces ‘The tools which emerged from Layer Grand C2 show generally an alfnity withthe Natufan cultane of Pabstine, cxeept that at ANEW PALAFOLITHIG SITE AF RELI ‘= [Belibi there is a greater variety of tanged points and les sage bucked (Heluan) type tol some of which are ofa smaller size than in Plestne. “The tos from Layer D were Upper Paloelithic in type; in par ticular polyhedre urine ith the working edge twisted, blque~ fronted step scraper, noe scrapers, small Chateiperron points snd straight Munted-bickleafahaped. blalesof Gravete type. The oa fre abo fond in the Atitian eultare of Palatine and ria, but at eld there were tanged point, which ate represented in the At Jt only at Jobrad in Syria and are not mentioned in the Ain care ot Miuzkaret Wad. Tayer Eis characterted by obiquefionted and hootshaped steep sctapers and a higher percentage of notescrapers and iat lar flakes with prepared steiting platforms and the upper surface of the but refined by flaking. In thir layer ome Font-Vvee «pe pst find flakes with seep marginal ertnuel ecard Inthe bottom Layer F, the material did nov change great deal form he preening layer, but rangulr points were loage ad lightly retouched, Chaelperson points were made on blades with eetouch oven the back, and one tanged point om a large and thick flake focarred, There were all charactertie borne, of various yp eluding those with the working eg twisted One Emel pot of finer workanansip than the carer one was found in this layer (Pte NITNowt 2). There ix» wide dstibution in the Midlle East and Nord Alkica of this typeof tol in illeret cultures whose origin -sinly Levalloi-Mowserian. Stetiraphicaly, this oo! would there fore ten to be Neanthropi in character and Beli che most northerly poiot on the Mediterranean at which i has bees found ‘CONCLUSION From the evidence of the stratigraphy obtained up t0 now, it is pose to recognice the following at Beldbi from top to bot: fat Nel with Mest adtion, which T ave named Bel ‘tian; Moslithig showing Natfian alfiaites; Upper Palaolithic, Comparable tothe Ain and late Middle Avrgnacian ofthe Mog” hret el Wad which at Beldibi is related to Late middle Palaeolithic ttih originated fom an Upper Levalloio-Mowsterian typeatindwt.A [ENVER ¥, BOSTANG ‘Tange cements at Beibi ace together with late Middle and Upper Pataclithic type tol and are diferent from those of the FoueRobert, Solurean and Magdalenianeypes of Burope, They re ‘Certo some found inthe Aterin, Capsian and Natutlan caltres Sihich belong to the Upper Palace ond Melithie, although Tine have polyhedrc ancl angle burins on the tang and angle and feecde-flate borin om the tp. thier my ft wounding T had the impression chat the main celste st Beli wos Ateian. On theother hand, afer the second Suing, the discovery of many more types of Bung wich can alo be tein various industries nthe Midale Eat, suggested tha the allt at Beldibi were move complee than Tat fist thought and farther excavation i ill ceded obtain a fll stratigraphy and rele the caltsres, “The only ination as to dhe posible age of the rock pining st the "moment. the Tact that pebbles decorated with a similar pigment to cat uscd io the zock paintings emerged from the Mesolithic layer of the sounding. "The engravings which are obviously older than the palatogs ‘on account ofthe superposition ofthe later, are Upper Paleolithic fe Gharaccr, but there fs no evidence a8 yet (rom the stratigraphy {0 confirm this "The Beldibi cultures have developed io @ dstict surounded by high mountains and fore on one side, with the sea on the fother Although having alien as mentioned above, they have some Gstnctive characteristics and these wil be discussed in detail in a later report. AALIMES, HL an, The Pray offen ps ‘BRATI.Eeg, ben ones rere gual, lien dee Sole rele Fea, Te tit, Fat tia, Db, Pe ih. p78 ARID, sn ie HaHa Tk Tan Kars Varn so Er Fe, ep a ed A NEW PALAEOLITIUG SITE AP HELDIBL ef LANG A.C.) ir dn nm & foo ut vote Sram as Pe Ss ost Cees ar Gr Pps 148 Teh Kann nostic ys pair Cai 8:05 0 “tee rae miepse Tae NRC a so mail tet ar Po Moe. Utes, aR tr ren gi Sige de Pen ri Tacos ie ary anon sxx sen DURRIE, eb Pe sn Po 1 UNRITE, ae ay oe A 82 Tom Xt ae ra team Rope Roe de ae Phen Tome CATON TTOMESON, 0: iT vin ss pn ame Se jodie Ho Aono et hia etna pe cock ng e Bein i h ir The DDALSIEIY, AN; 1930 Moiatae Leb o soe i Zein Daada kSpPoumi ter tPA anit R. 5a Ls Gienats Patria oY Laing Anrep rr cla ie Franke and Spee. Zetchrit fir Morphologie und Antro- (ice nd tft SN ne ee any ge PREM Manan” taken XL Srry ENUER Y. HOSTANE! GARROD, D.A.E spe A New Mee don Tie Nain of Peat. 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