CHAPTER 7: PROBLEM SHEET 7

Q1) Given the transfer () = 2 +2+1 performing to a Butterworth low-pass filter,

find the transfer function of the corresponding high-pass filter with cut off
frequency .
Ans:

a)

The specification for an analogue Butterworth lowpass filter is given as

follows:
Passband: 0 to 2 kHz (3dB cut-off at 2 kHz)
Transistion band: 2 to 4 kHz
Stop band attenuation: -10 dB (starting at 4 kHz)
The filter is monotonic in the pass and stop bands.
Show that a second order Butterworth filter would satisfy the requirement.
Note: A Butterworth filter of order n is defined by
2
H ( j )

b)

s2
H ( s ) | c 2
s
c 2 c s s 2
s

1
c

2n

where c is the cut-off frequency of the filter

Show that the transfer function of a second order normalised Butterworth

filter of the lowpass type is given by
1
H ( s)
( s 2 2s 1)

Q2) Determine the order and the poles of a lowpass Butterworth filter that has a -3
dB bandwidth of 500 Hz and an attenuation of 40 dB at 1000 Hz.
Ans: Order = 7, the poles are sk = 1000e j[/2 + (2k+1)/14], k = 0,1,2,,6
Q3) Find the order of a Butterworth low-pass continuous filter with the following
specification:
Ans: n=2
a)
Cutoff frequency, c 0.75 and
b)
Amplitude response to be at least 20dB down when 3
Q4) Consider a Butterworth lowpass filter of order n = 5 and cutoff frequency wc = 1
a)
Find the 2n poles of H(s)H(-s)
Ans: There are 10 poles of H(s)H(-s) uniformly distributed around the
unit circle in the s-plane, with the angular spacing of /5.
b)

Determine H(s)
Ans:

H s

1
s 1 s 0.618s 1 s 2 1.618s 1

c)

Find the transfer function of the corresponding high pass filter with cut-off
frequency wc = 1.
s5
H s
Ans:
s 1 s 2 0.618s 1 s 2 1.618s 1

Q5) A first order lowpass prototype filter (LP) is to be transformed into a bandstop
(BS) filter with midband rejection frequency 0. Find the transfer function of
the BS filter. Also, find H(s) at s=0, s= and s=j.
Bs
Note: LP to BS transformation is s 2
where B = Bandwidth and 0 =
2
s 0
Midband rejection frequency.
Ans:
2
2
s 0
H ( s) 2
; H ( s) s 0 1 ; H ( s) s 1 ; H ( s) s j 0
2
0
s Bs 0