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eil]_pko _kj `eopejpko cn]`ko `a oarane`]` _kj naola_pk ] hko
]ola_pko a_kj ie_ko) ]i^eajp]hao) `a oacqne`]` `ah lanokj]h u `a
rekh]_e j `a h] haceoh]_e j ]i^eajp]h %Xqmqappa ap ]h) /--1&+ Qac j
Pk^anpokj %/--.&) u Pk^anpokj u Qd]s %/--0& qj] dann]ieajp] l]n]
e`ajpebe_]n u ar]hq]n hko neaocko lkn kn`aj `a eilknp]j_e] ao ah DKC?
%D]ehqna Kk`ao ]j` Cbba_po ?j]huoeo&) ah _q]h ao ah ]j heoeo `a hko
pelko u aba_pko `a h]o nqlpqn]o+ Cop] dann]ieajp] lkoe^ehep] ar]hq]n
hko neaocko u _q]jpebe_]n hko eil]_pko `a h]o nqlpqn]o `a h]o lnao]o
`a peann]+
Qac j Teoaq u ?hiae`] %/---&) h] lnej_el]h ]lhe_]_e j `a h]
ar]hq]_e j `a neaock okj hko Nh]jao `a ?__e j l]n] Ciancaj_e]o
%N?C&) mqa okj atece`ko aj renpq` `ah jerah `a neaock mqa h] ]_pere`]`
lqa`a _]qo]n+ Qkj r]ne]o h]o _]qo]o `a h]o oepq]_ekjao `a
aiancaj_e]) _kik arajpko ooie_ko) ejqj`]_ekjao) ankoe j)
dqj`eieajpko) o]pqn]_e j) cneap]o) bqc]o `a ]cq]) behpn]_e j) bhqfko u
oqie`anko) ]`ai o `a ha_pqn] ann]`] `a hko ejopnqiajpko %Kajao_]h
u Ken]j`]) .664&+

;XVdaP )& En]`k `a `aopnq__e j aj ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk cajan]`k

lkn ah lelejc u h] ankoe j oqlanbe_e]h+
>]eTbcXVPRX~] VT^[~VXRP h VT^c{R]XRP

B5I9G>5A9H N BvID8DH
J] lnao] `a Mnqnehhk bqa ar]hq]`] ia`e]jpa h] k^oanr]_e j `a h]
pklkcn]b] naoqhp]jpa `a hko lnk_aoko ankoerko `ao]nnkhh]`ko aj ah
p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk ia`e]jpa reoep] p _je_] ]h hqc]n+ J] Decqn] .
iqaopn] ah jerah `a lanpqn^]_e j `ah p]hq`+ J] ]__e j ankoer] `a h]o
]cq]o mqa `ao^kn`]nkj h] _naop] `a h] lnao] lnkrk_]nkj h] ankoe j
oqlanbe_e]h `ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk) u h] ]__e j `ah bhqfk oq^pann jak
cajan ah oebkj]ieajpk lnkcnaoerk u lanoeopajpa+ J] nqlpqn] `a h]
lnao] lnk`q_pk `a oebkj]ieajpk _kiajv ] k_qnnen `qn]jpa hko
lneianko iaoao `ah ] k /-./ hk mqa _]qo ah `ao^kn`]ieajpk lkn
h] _naop] u ah ikreieajpk `a i]pane]h ankoekj]`k `ah p]hq` ]cq]o
]^]fk aj qj rkhqiaj aopei]`k `a 2--i0+ Qac j ah nah]pk `a
lanokj]o mqa lnaoaj_e]nkj ah ]__e`ajpa) h] nqlpqn] k_qnne aj `ko

DN^% <V^N[\RP% 3T\WJVMRV% )'(+2 HWT (- @ZW )1

), $ *)

Ch aopq`ek cakh ce_k ikopn mqa h] lnao] aop q^e_]`] aj qj] vkj]
`a ]najeo_]o _q]n_pe_]o _kj ejpan_]h]_ekjao bej]o `a hqpep]o `a _khkn
cneo _h]nk `a h] Dkni]_e j Ad]cn]le) mqa oa hk_]hev]j aj h] i]ncaj
`ana_d] a evmqean`] `ah r]hha+ J]o ]najeo_]o _q]n_pe_]o jk lnaoajp]j
bn]_pqn]ieajpk _kjoe`an]^ha) hk _q]h ej`e_] mqa h] bqj`]_e j `a h]
lnao] jk lnaoajp] lnk^hai]o `a behpn]_e j oq^pann ja]+ Cj ah aopq`ek
cakp _je_k oa na_kha_p]nkj iqaopn]o ]hpan]`]o `a pnao _kp]o `ah
p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk %.-) .4+. u .4+5 i naola_per]iajpa&+ Akj h]o
iqaopn]o oa na]hev]nkj ajo]uko `a _]n]_panev]_e j `ah i]pane]h) ah
Aq]`nk . lnaoajp] h] ejbkni]_e j k^paje`]+

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Const.
Fsicas

Cota de
muestreo
(m)

SUCS

wn
(%)

Dens.
Seca
(g/cm3)

LL

IP

GC
(%)

10

20.9

4.8

GCGM

7.2

1.432

68

17.1

22

5.3

GCGM

8.4

1.546

83

17.8

24.4

6.2

GCGM

7.9

1.617

77

Qac j ah Aq]`nk . ah oqahk peaja qj] _h]oebe_]_e j QSAQ `k^ha

%lkoaa cn]jqhkiapn] bej] u cnqao] ] h] rav&+ Qa aopei mqa l]n]
aop] cn]jqhkiapn] h] lania]^ehe`]` `ah oqahk peaja qj r]hkn `a .-*
2
i,o+ Dqa na]hev]`k qj ajo]uk `a _kil]_p]_e j Nnk_pkn Kk`ebe_]`k
`kj`a ah i]pane]h peaja qj] `ajoe`]` oa_] i tei] `a /+../ c,_i0
u qj] dqia`]` lpei] `a 5#) lkn _kjoecqeajpa ah oqahk aj_kjpn]`k
aj h] lnao] peaja qj cn]`k `a _kil]_p]_e j ajpna 50 u 35#+ Copko
r]hknao oa aj_qajpn]j iqu lkn `a^]fk `ah ijeik lanieoe^ha) ah
_q]h ao 62#+
Qa k^pqreankj iqaopn]o ej]hpan]`]o `a h] _kp] .4+5 `a^e`k ] h] _eanp]
dkikcajae`]` `ah p]hq`+ Dqankj afa_qp]`ko pnao ajo]uko pne]te]hao
u pnao ajo]uko `a _knpa `ena_pk _kj h]o iqaopn]o ej]hpan]`]o+ Jko
naoqhp]`ko lkn hko `ko i pk`ko `apaniej]nkj mqa ah oqahk
lnaoajp]^] qj] _kdaoe j aba_per] u qj jcqhk `a bne__e j lnkia`ek
`a /+0 c,_i0 u .4 naola_per]iajpa+
G9HJAI58DH

cakiapn] `a h] lnao] u hko l]n iapnko de`n qhe_ko fqjp]iajpa _kj

h]o _kj`e_ekjao `a bnkjpan]+ J] _kj`e_e j `a bnkjpan] ]oqie`] bqa
bhqfk aop]_ekj]nek ah _q]h ao _ki jiajpa ailha]`k aj h]
ar]hq]_e j `a lnao]o aj h] ejcajean] ln _pe_] %Anqv) .663&+
Gje_e]hiajpa oa ]oqie mqa h] lnao] lkoa] qj j _hak `a i]pane]h
bejk %]n_ehh]& aj ah _ajpnk `a oq _qanlk) u] mqa oq qok ao
ej`eolajo]^ha l]n] _kjpnkh]n ah cn]`eajpa i teik u ah _]q`]h aj h]
lnao]) ]oqieaj`k `e_d] del paoeo bqa eilkoe^ha k^pajan qj jerah
bna pe_k p]j ahar]`k _kik ah k^oanr]`k aj _]ilk %.1i `ao`a h]
^]oa `a h] lnao]&+ Nkn kpnk h]`k) nareo]j`k hko nalknpao `a h]
_kjopnq__e j jk oa aj_kjpn ej`e_eko `a d]^an oe`k `eoa ]`k ah
j _hak+ Nkn _kjoecqeajpa) h] lnao] bqa ik`ah]`] dkikc ja] %oej
j _hak& u _kjoe`an]j`k h] lania]^ehe`]` `ah oqahk `a .- *2 i,o aj ah
afa ranpe_]h u dknevkjp]h+ Akik naoqhp]`k ah jerah bna pe_k oq^e ] hko
.-i `a h] lnao]) hk mqa jk _knnaolkj`] ] hk k^oanr]`k aj _]ilk
jqar]iajpa+ Ch da_dk `a mqa ah jerah bna pe_k oa aj_kjpn]^] ] _]oe
.1i `a h] ^]oa `a h] lnao] ej`e_] mqa h] lania]^ehe`]` dknevkjp]h
an] i]ukn mqa h] ranpe_]h+ Ka`e]jpa qj ]j heoeo lkn pajp]per]o oa
k^pqrk mqa h] lania]^ehe`]` dknevkjp]h an] 2 ra_ao i]ukn mqa h]
ranpe_]h hk mqa ej`e_] qj] ^]f] _]he`]` `a _kil]_p]_e j `ah i]pane]h
`a _]jpan] qpehev]`k aj h] _kjbkni]_e j `a h] lnao]+ ?h _kjoe`an]n
aop] _knna__e j) ah jerah bna pe_k `ah ik`ahk ecq]h h] _kp] `ah jerah
bna pe_k na]h+ J] Decqn] / lnaoajp] ah ik`ah]fa aj QJGBC 3+ikopn]j`k h]o hja]o amqelkpaj_e]hao %aj _khknao cn]`q]hao&) h]o
hja]o `a bhqfk %hja]o ]vqhao& u ah jerah bna pe_k %hja] l nlqn]&+ J]
_]nc] `a ]cq] ao .6i _kik bqa k^oanr]`] aj h] reoep] p _je_] u h]
`eopne^q_e j `a h] _]nc] de`n qhe_] ao _kjpejq] ] hk h]nck `a h] lnao]
u] mqa jk lkoaa ahaiajpko `a _kjpnkh u iejeiev]_e j `ah aba_pk `ah
cn]`eajpa+

5]z[XbXb ST U[dY^ T] T[ X]cTaX^a ST [P _aTbP

Ch ]j heoeo `a bhqfk oa na]hev ailha]j`k ah i pk`k `a ahaiajpko
bejepko `ah okbps]na QJGBC 3+- aj ah _q]h bqa ja_ao]nek ejpnk`q_en h]

;XVdaP *& ?j heoeo `a bhqfk ia`e]jpa ah i pk`k `a ahaiajpko bejepko aj h] lnao] Fq]_kpk+

)/

DN^% <V^N[\RP% 3T\WJVMRV% )'(+2 HWT (- @ZW )1 ), $ *)

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5]z[XbXb ST TbcPQX[XSPS ST[ cP[dS PVdPb PQPY^ ST [P _aTbP

Ch ]j heoeo `a aop]^ehe`]` _kjoe`an ah ]j heoeo `a bhqfk l]n] k^pajan
h]o lnaoekjao `a ]cq] aj ah oqahk+ Ch ]j heoeo ao na]hev]`k aj ah
p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk u] mqa ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]nne^] aop okiape`k ] h]
_]nc] `a ]cq] `ah naoanrknek mqa ]_p ] _kik qj] napaj_e j `ah
ikreieajpk _ej pe_k+ Dqankj _kjoe`an]`ko hko l]n iapnko `a
naoeopaj_e] `ah oqahk k^paje`k aj hko ajo]uko pne]te]hao u `a _knpa
`ena_pk+ Qa na]hev ah ]j heoeo `a aop]^ehe`]` ailha]j`k ah i pk`k
`a @eodkl Qeilhebe_]`k u H]j^q Qeilhebe_]`k+

J] Decqn] 0 lnaoajp] ah ]j heoeo `a aop]^ehe`]` lkn @eodkl Kk`ebe_]`k

l]n] h] lnao]+ Ch D]_pkn `a Qacqne`]` %DQ& ao -+6/6 u h] oqlanbe_ea
`a nqlpqn] eje_e] `ao`a ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]nne^]) ok^nal]o] h] _naop] u
nkila aj ah lea `ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk+ Ch DQ k^paje`k lkn H]j^q
bqa -+53.) aj bqj_e j ] mqa h] lnao] ao dkikc ja] u h] nqlpqn] ao
_en_qh]n) K]oo]` %/-.-& _kjoe`an] i o lna_eok ah DQ k^paje`k lkn
@eodkl+ J]o hja]o nkf]o) ]i]nehh]o u ran`ao okj oqlanbe_eao `a
nqlpqn] _kj DQ iajkn ] .+2) r]hkn mqa ao ah ijeik lanieoe^ha l]n]
_kjoe`an]n oacqn] h] k^n] oac j h]o jkni]o lanq]j]o+ Jko _n_qhko
`eolanoko aj ah h]`k `ana_dk oqlanekn `a h] becqn] nalnaoajp]j hko
_ajpnko `a nkp]_e j `a h]o oqlanbe_eao `a nqlpqn] lnaoajp]`]o+ J]
ejaop]^ehe`]` `a h] k^n] ao ejiejajpa+

;XVdaP +& ?j heoeo aop pe_k `a aop]^ehe`]` `a p]hq`ao lkn ah i pk`k `a @eodkl Qeilhebe_]`k aj h] lnao] Fq]_kpk+

8>H7JH>xC
7^]bXSTaPRX~] ST [Pb _aTbX^]Tb ST PVdP
Ch aba_pk `ah ej_naiajpk `a h]o lnaoekjao `a ]cq] lqa`a oan
]j]hev]`k k^oanr]j`k h]o bqanv]o ]_pq]jpao aj qj] `krah]
lanpaja_eajpa ] h] oqlanbe_ea `a nqlpqn] _npe_]+ J] oqlanbe_ea `a
nqlpqn] _npe_] `a h] lnao] bqa `ere`e`] aj /2 `krah]o) _]`] _q]h
lkoaa qj oeopai] `a bqanv]o+ J] `krah] .0 peaja h] lnaoe j `a ]cq]
i]ukn `a pk`] h] oqlanbe_ea `a nqlpqn] mqa ao ecq]h ] 40+4 gN]) lkn
kpnk h]`k h] pajoe j aba_per] ao 62+5 gN]+ J] lnaoe j aba_per] ao h]
naolkjo]^ha `a oklknp]n h]o _]nc]o ]lhe_]`]o _kik ao ah laok `a
h] `krah] `a 0-1+6 gL+ Qe qj j _hak u qj oeopai] `a behpnko dq^ean]j
oe`k lnkua_p]`ko aj h] lnao] jk ateopen] lnaoe j `a ]cq] aj aopa
`krah]) lkn hk p]jpk h] lnaoe j aba_per] oane] `a .36+2 gN] mqa
nalnaoajp] _]oe ah `k^ha `ah r]hkn na]h+
9bcPQX[XSPS ST [P _aTbP R^]bXSTaP]S^ \TSXSPb R^aaTRcXePb

h] lnaoe j `a ]cq]) lank `a^e`k ] mqa aopk eilhe_]n] rkhran ]

_kjopnqen h] lnao] h] okhq_e j ao ejre]^ha+ Nkn hk p]jpk h] ia`e`]
_knna_per] oa _ajpn] aj qo]n qj ajnk_]`k aj ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk ah
_q]h bqj_ekj] _kik qj behpnk ejranpe`k mqa _kjpnkh] ah cn]`eajpa
de`n qhe_k na`q_e j`khk) l]n] mqa jk ankoekja h] l]na` `ah p]hq`
%Ukhha) .655&+ J] Decqn] 1 iqaopn] ah _ h_qhk `a aop]^ehe`]` _kj ah
ajnk_]`k ia`e]jpa @eodkl oeilhebe_]`k ia`e]jpa ah]j heoeo loaq`k*
aop pe_k afa_qp]`k _kjoe`an]j`k qj _kabe_eajpa ooie_k `a -+.
`a^e`k ] h] vkj] `a aopq`ek) _kik naoqhp]`k) ah DQ ao .+-2/+ N]n]
ah ieoik _]ok ah DQ ao .+0/6 _q]j`k ah ]j heoeo ao aop pe_k+
Akjoe`an]n qj _kabe_eajpa ooie_k ej_naiajp] h]o oqlanbe_eao `a
nqlpqn] u aop]o oa atpeaj`aj d]op] h] iep]` `ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]nne^]+
Akj h]o ia`e`]o _knna_per]o ]i^ko ]j heoeo %aop pe_k u laoaq`k*
aop pe_k& k^pqreankj qj DQ oqlanekn ] . lank jk oqlanekn ] .+2 ah
_q]h ao ja_ao]nek l]n] re]^ehev]n h] k^n]+ Copko naoqhp]`ko okj
lnk`q_pko `a qpehev]n qj ajnk_]`k `a ./i `a ]j_dk aj h] ^]oa `a h]
lnao]) hk mqa nalnaoajp] qj] okhq_e j iqu _kopko] u jk ]h_]jv] ah
DQ ijeik namqane`k+

Cj bqj_e j `a hk atlnao]`k ]jpanekniajpa h] okhq_e j i o _knna_p]

oane] ej_hqen ah oeopai] `a j _hak u behpnko aj h] lnao] l]n] aheiej]n

DN^% <V^N[\RP% 3T\WJVMRV% )'(+2 HWT (- @ZW )1

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;XVdaP ,&?j heoeo loaq`k*aop pe_k `ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk `a h] lnao] Fq]_kpk _kj ia`e`]o _knna_per]o _kj ah i pk`k `a @eodkl Qeilhebe_]`k+
Ea^Q[T\Pb VT]TaPS^b _^a X]TUXRXT]RXP T] T[ \^]Xc^aT^
J] k^n] _knna_per] ja_ao]ne] l]n] aop]^ehev]n h] k^n] jk lnaoajp]
re]^ehe`]` lkn hk _q]h h] na_kiaj`]_e j na]hev]`] ] h] Kqje_el]he`]`
Beopnep]h `a Mnqnehhk bqa `a `naj]n ah naoanrknek u lkopanekniajpa napen]n
ah i]pane]h `a h] lnao]+ Ba^e`k ] h] na_kiaj`]_e j na]hev]`] _]^a
]j]hev]n h]o _]qo]o mqa hhar]nkj ] h] ejabe_eaj_e] aop] k^n]+
Akik bqa iaj_ekj]`k aj ah pai .+2) ah ikjepknak ao _nq_e]h l]n]
ah tepk `a qj] k^n] cakp _je_]+ Dqa _kjop]p]`k `a mqa hko
naolkjo]^hao `ah lnkua_pk jk na]hev]nkj _kjpnkh ]hcqjk `qn]jpa u
`aolq o `a h] _kjopnq__e j `a h] lnao]) hk _q]h ej_naiajp ah neaock
`a _kh]lok+ Lk oa _kjopnquankj ah j _hak je hko behpnko) h] naoeopaj_e]
`ah oqahk bqa ^]f] u h] _kil]_p]_e j _na qj] lania]^ehe`]`
lnabanaj_e]h dknevkjp]h mqa b]_ehep h] oq^e`] `ah jerah bna pe_k+ J]
b]hp] `a ikjepknak `aolq o `a h] _kjopnq__e j eile`e na_kjk_an h]
ankoe j mqa oa lnk`q_]) aopa baj iajk ao cn]`q]h u `] peailk `a
]lhe_]n ia`e`]o lnarajper]o _q]j`k ah baj iajk jk aop iqu
]r]jv]`k) oej ai^]nck hko aba_pko `ah lelejc bqankj k^oanr]`ko
p]n`]iajpa u oq naia`e]_e j bqa ejokopaje^ha+

*'

Nkn kpnk h]`k) h] k^n] lkoa] qj N?C %Nh]j `a ?__e j l]n]

Ciancaj_e]o& lank jk lq`k oan ]lhe_]`k ]`a_q]`]iajpa lqao opa
bqj_ekj] `a ]_qan`k ] h] k^oanr]_e j `a hko neaocko lnaoajpao aj
h]o k^n]o cn]_e]o ]hikjepknak+ Jko aba_pko _ki^ej]`ko nalnaoajp]j
ah ]^]j`kjk `a h] k^n] mqa pqrk qj _kopk oqlanekn ] hko 4 iehhkjao
`a jqarko okhao) h] _q]h bqa lnkua_p]`] l]n] 0- ] ko lank mqa
lnaoajp oaran]o b]hh]o ] hko 0 ] ko `a _kjopnqe`]+
E^]STaPRX~] ST [Pb RPaT]RXPb _aTbT]cPSPb T] [P ^QaP
J] Decqn] 2 iqaopn] ah ]j heoeo `a aop]^ehe`]` `a qj ao_aj]nek
delkp pe_k `kj`a h] _kjopnq__e j `ah j _hak dq^ean] oe`k _kjoe`an]`]
lank h] ^]f] _]he`]` `ah i]pane]h `a _]jpan] ao i]jpaje`]+ Jko ^]fko
l]n iapnko `a naoeopaj_e] u h] cn]jqhkiapn] ej]`a_q]`] okj
lnk^hai]o nah]_ekj]`ko ]h ^]fk _kjpnkh `a _]he`]` aj h] _kjopnq__e j+
Ch DQk^paje`k aj ah ]j heoeo ao .+0/2) oa k^oanr] mqa ah jerah bna pe_k
%hja] l nlqn]& ao _kj`q_e`k lkn `a^]fk `ah p]hq` ]cq]o ]^]fk
cn]_e]o ]h j _hak+ J] pajoe j aba_per] ao _]oe ah `k^ha `a h] `ah _]ok
na]h _kik bqa atlhe_]`k aj ah pai 1+. lank ] j _kj aopa ej_naiajpk
h] ^]f] naoeopaj_e] `ah oqahk %_kdaoe j u jcqhk `a bne__e j& jk
laniepa mqa h] k^n] oa] re]^ha lqao ah DQ jk oqlan] .+2+

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