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Mechanisms of Regulation
Autoregulation (intrinsic)
Automatic response in a cell, tissue, or organ to some environmental change
Extrinsic regulation
Responses controlled by nervous and endocrine systems
Receptor
Receives the stimulus
Control Center
Processes the signal and sends instructions
Effector
Carries out instructions
RECEPTOR
Normal
condition
disturbed
Thermometer
Information
affects
STIMULUS:
Room temperature
rises
CONTROL CENTER
(Thermostat)
HOMEOSTASIS
RESPONSE:
Room temperature
drops
Normal
condition
restored
EFFECTOR
Air conditioner
turns on
20
30 40
Sends
commands
to
Normal room
temperature
Air
conditioner
turns on
Air
conditioner
turns off
Normal
range
22 Set point
Time
RECEPTORS
Temperature
sensors in skin
and
hypothalamus
Normal
temperature
disturbed
Information
affects
CONTROL
CENTER
STIMULUS:
Body temperature
rises
HOMEOSTASIS
Thermoregulatory
center in brain
RESPONSE:
Increased heat loss,
body temperature
drops
Normal
temperature
restored
EFFECTORS
Sweat glands
in skin increase
secretion
Blood vessels
in skin dilate
Sends
commands
to
those shown in Figure 12. A control center in the brain (the hypothalamus)
functions as a thermostat with a set point of 37C. If body temperature
exceeds 37.2C, heat loss is increased through enhanced blood flow to the
skin and increased sweating.
Normal body
temperature
Vessels
dilate,
sweating
increases
37.2
Set point
37
36.7
Vessels
constrict,
sweating
decreases
Normal
range
Time
Clotting
accelerates
Positive
feedback
loop
Chemicals
Chemicals
Blood clot
Systems Integration
Systems work together to maintain homeostasis