fly Designation: C 136 - 06 Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates" hs nad ss under the Hed designation 1% the mun ntily flhowing the Jeetion estes the Yea | laden of nthe case of reso. the Sot Reis A hen poennes ate he est kat eappas & Spee eso ends dnl change ice the I sh apes ‘Ds sara has oe apps for eB geen of the Dxparament of Dafne: 1. Seope* 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the parte size distribution of fine and coarse aggregates by sieving. 1.2 Some specifications for aggregates which reference this, test method contain grading requirements. including both coarse and fine fractions. Instructions are included for sieve analysis of such aggregates, 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for informa tion purposes only: Specification [11 designates the size of sieve frames with inch units as standard. bat in this test method the frame size is designated in St units exaetly equivalent tothe inch units 1 This standard does nor purport to auddress all of the safery concerns, if any, associated with its use, It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro priate safety and health practices and determine the applica bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 21 ASTM Standards: C1 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-pmy (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Averevates by Washing C12 Terminology Relating 10 Concrete and Concrete Avgrezates Co Speci Conere (C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements {for Test Methods for Construction Materials 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size 179 Practice for Sampling Aggregates cation for Aggregates for Radiation- Shielding "hic test method under he aiicon of ASTM Commitee CAF CCoetete ad Concrete Agreates and nthe dct respi of Suoneitioe [th on Neral Woh Ager, ‘Gunent eon approved He. 15,206. Pashed Mach 2006. Oviinaly pred in 19%. Lat preven ppl in AMS a5 C136 08 Sr rferencad ASTME star. the ASTM eet, ws or fons ASTM Cusomer Serie at trict at ot, Fo aia Book of STAY Stina wane iatansation ert tbe anda nee Summary age on the ASTM were E11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes 2.2 AASHTO Standard: AASHTO. No. teve Analysis of Fine andl Coarse Agaregates’ 3. Terminology 3.1. Definitions—For definitions of terms used dard, refer 10 Terminology © 125 this stan 4. Summary of Test Method 4.1 A sample of dry aggregate of known mass is separated through a series of sieves of progressively smaller openings for determination of panicle size distribution, & ticance and Use 5.1 This test method is used primarily to determine the grading of materials proposed for use as aggregates or being Used ay aggregates. The results are used 0 determine compli- ince of the particle size distribution with applicable specitica- tion requirentents and to provide ncvessary data lor control oF the production of various aggregate products and mixtures: containing aggregates, The data may also be useful in devel ‘oping relationships conceming porosity and packing. 5.2 Accurate determination of material finer than the 75-jm (No. 204) sieve cannot be achieved by’ use of this test metho alone. Test Method C11 for material finer than 75-pm sieve by washing should he employed 5.3. Refer to methods of sampling and testing in Specitica- tion C63? for heavyweight aggregates. 6. Apparatus 6.1 Balances—Balances or scales used in testing fine and ccoarse aggregate shall have readability and accuracy as fol- ows: 6.1.1 For fine aggregate. readable 10 0.1 g and accurate 10 O11 g oF O11 % of the test Toad. whichever is greater, at any Point within the range of use salable (om Amevcan Asean of Ste Hipheay an Transporation ‘Ota 84 Non Capel St. NW. Sate 225, Washingon, DC Summary of Changes section appears atthe eid ofthis standard ‘enygh ASTI emanate Bar Ham Dre, PO Bw C10, Wee Coeahucan PA HES 28 Unt aeAly c 136-06 6.1.2 For coarse aggregate, or mixtures of fine and coarse gate, readable and accurate 10 0.5 g or 0.1% of the fest load, whichever is greater. at any point within the range uf Use (6.2 Sieves—The sieve cloth shall be mounted on substantial frames constructed ina manner that will prevent loss of material during sieving. The sieve eloth and standard sicve frames shall conform to the requirements of Specification £1 Nonstandard sieve frames shall conform to the requirements of ion F 1) as applicable is recommended tha sieves mounted in frames larger shan "mam (in) dianwter he used fr testing ease agregate 0 feduce the possibility oF oserloading the seves. See 5 6.3 Mechanical Sieve Shaker—A mechanical sieving de- vive. il used, shall efeate motion of the sieves to cause the particles to bounce, tumble, or otherwise tum so as 10 present Uifferent orientations to the sieving surface. The sieving aetion shall be such that the criterion for adequacy of sieving: deseribed in 8.“ is met in a reasonable time period. any 2-Use ofa mgehanical sieve shaker is recommended when the sire of the samples 20 kg oF greats. and may he used for smaller Samples. meuding fine aggtepate. Excessive time (mre than appeon- mately 10 min achieve aque sieving may rest degradation of the sample The sane mechanical sive shaker may not hepatica forall Srcs of simples, inset frge sieving area needed For practical sieving bla large nominal size coarse agerepate very likely could result in hss of {portion ofthe sample if sed Tora small sample of coarse aggregae oF 644 Oven—An oven of appropriate size capable oF main taining & uniform temperature of 110 = 5 °C (230 = 9 °F 7. Sampling. 7.1 Sample the aggregate in accordance with Practice 1? ize of the field sample shall be the quantity shown in amd 78 Th Practice 10 75 or four fimes the quantity required ia (except as modified in 7.6), whichever is greater. 7.2 Thoroughly mix the sample and reduce it 10 an amount suitable for testing using the applicable procedures described in The sample for test shall be approximately the quantity desired when dry and shall be the end result of the reduction, Reduetion to an exact predetermined quantity shall not be permitted Noor 2-—Where sieve analysis, including determination of material finer than the 75 pm sieve. isthe only testing proposed, the size of the sample may be raced i the eld Lo avoid shipping excessive quantities ‘of ent material the Iaborsery 73 Fine Aggregate—The size of the west sample, after drying. shall be 300g sninimurn, 74 Coarse Aggregate—The size of the test sample of coarse aggregate shall conform with the followin Nomina Maximum Ste Test Sample Sis square Opn, Cn) rs 9 0) este re) wesc 2a 000) san) 2500) wore) eu, wi) 50@) 20 144) sem sun 56) e019) aa 0 (20) 150 30) 300 001 10) 26) 7.5 Coarse and Fine Aggregate Mixtures—The sire of the test sample of ewarse and fine aggregate mixtures shall be the same as for coarse aggregate im 4 16 Samples uf Large Size Course Aggregure—The sie of sample required for ae with 50-mm nominal maximum Sire or larger is such as to preclude convenient sample reduction and testing as a unit exeept with large mechanical Splitters and sieve shakers, Asan option when such equipment is not available, instead of combining and mixing sample increments and then reducing the field sample to testing size. ‘conduct the sieve analysis on a number of approximately equal Sample increments such that the total mass tested conforms 10 the requirement of 7-1 7.7 In the event that the amount of material finer than the 75.41m (No. 208) sieve is to be determined by Test Method C117, proved as follows: 7.7.1 For aggregates with a nominal maximum size of 12.5 mm (1/2 in.) of fess, use the same test sample for testing by ‘Test Method C1 this test method. First test the sample in accordance with Test Method C 117 through the final dying operation, then dry sieve the sample as stipulated in 3.2:5.7 of this test method. 7.7.2 For aggregates with a nominal maximum size greater than 12.5 ma (25 in), use a single test sample as deseribeed in {or optionally use separate test samples for Test Method © 117 and this test method. 7.7.3 Where the specifigations require determination of the total amount of material finer than the 75-um sieve by washing and dry sieving. use the procedure deseribed i 77") 8. Procedure 8.1 Dry the sample ro gonstant mass at temperature of 110) 25°C O80 *9"F) Non 4--For control purposes panivulaly where rapid resus ate desir. its gnerally ot nssesary 0 dy Coarse aggregate Tor the seve Shales, The ress av leased bythe movstre eontent unless {the nominal asim sie is smaller than abo 125 mm 2 ma 2) the coane uggregate contains appreciable material finer tan 473 mn (No. or (2) the coarse aggregate is bigly absoypive ca ightweight gewegute. for examipk Abo. samples may he dned at the higher Temperatures associated ah the use of hot ples wit alfeting ress provided steam escapes withoul generating pressures salient to Fracture the pari ures ave ol SO seal gh 19 emISE chemical freakown ofthe azerezts 82 Select sieves with suitable openings te furnish the information required by the specifications covering the ma rial to be tested, Use additional sieves as desired or necessary to provide other information. such as fineness modulus, or to regulate the amount of material on a sieve, Nest the sieves in fonder of decreasing size of opening frem top to hotiom and place the sample on the top sieve, Agitate the sieves by hand or by mechanical apparatus for a sufficient period, established by trial or checked by measurement on the setual fest sample. 10 ‘meet the eriterion for adequacy or leseribed im 8-4 8.3 Limit the quantity of material on a given sieve so that all particles have opportunity to reach sieve openings a number oF times duting the sieving operation. For sieves with openings,fh c 136 - 06 smaller than 4.75-mm (No. 4 the quantity retained on any sieve at the comple operation shall not exceed 7 ky/m’ of sieving surface area (sic 5), For sieves with openings 4.75 mm (No, 4) and tanger, the quantity retained in ky shall not eveced the pruxluct of 23 % (sieve ‘opening, mm > (effective sieving area, m=). This quantity is shown in Tubic | for live sieve-frame dimensions in common use. In no case shall the quantity retained be so. great as t0 ‘cause permanent deformation of the sieve cloth, 8.3.1 Prevent an qverload of material on an indivi by one of the fallow 8.3.1.1 Insert an additional sieve with opening size intern diate between the sieve that may be overloaded and the sieve immediately above that sicve in the original set 8.1.2 Split the sample into two oF more portions. sieving ‘each portion individually. Combine the masses of the several portions retained on a specific sieve before calculating the percentage of the sample on the sieve 8.41.3 Use sieves having a larger frame size and providing greater Sieving area, [Nom 5—The 7 kim? amounts o 200g forthe wal 205.2 in) diameter sieve (with elective sling surface diameter af 190.5 mm 173 in, 8.4 Continue sieving for a suflicient period and in such ‘manner that. after completion. mot more than 1% by mass of the material retained on any individual sieve will pass that sieve during [min of continuous hand sieving performed as follows: Hold the individual sieve, provided with a situ-fiting pan and cover, ina slightly inelined position in one hand. Strike the side of the sieve sharply and with an upward motion ‘against the hee! of the other hand at the rate of abst 150 times, Per minute, turn the sieve about one sixth of a revolution at TABLE 1 Maximum Allowable Quantity of Materia! Retained on a ‘Sieve, kg Tominal Dersons of Sawa Sieve 082 F coum ge SOEGmIm 380) STD by 500 opening a ae som nm Sze, mm Seva ova ‘one65 omy oer otaas ones = = = © © era 100 © 5 e ws sao » © © teas % 5 86 we 0 as 8 . 72 toe 193340 50 a6 57 a4 eS are as 27 a 63s ne 20 18 22 22 77438 30 te 22 32 8 toa 125 om a 2h 3B ee $5 oe ty 16 2900 bt 75 03 Ose om ise * Siow tame arvensona i eh unis Bin, dlmwwi, 100m dae 206m chametr 138 by 128 m 114 By 4m. nominal 46 By 228 (16 Oy 2&in nome The seve area or round sieve Hames based on an etacne ameter 127 fim ("= lees han Be ornare diameter, Bocuse Speciation © ‘arts he scar Doreen te seve ih a hearst etd 6 mm ( [Sy over te seve cla Thus tho efeches tiny amok lor @ 200 Sey (8.0: cigmeter sive trae 6190.5 mm (75 mn} lev prosod by some Imanulactrers do nt intago a he stave eh by Th al 3 me ‘Slows cata rave ess than fe Wl opennge sed hou ot be use for sieve testing excep as pomded m intervals of about 25 stokes. In determining sufficiency of sieving for sizes larger than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. limi the material on the sieve ta single layer of particles. I the size fof the mounted testing sieves makes the describe sieving motion impractical. use 203-mm (8 in.) sliameter sieves to verily the suflcieney of sieving 83. In the case of coarse and fine Wo S31 to preve 1 85.1 Optionally. reduce the portion finer than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve using @ mechanieal splitter according to Practice C7012. I this procedure is followed. compute the mass of each Size increment of the original sample as Follows: % Ne mass of size increment on total sample basis, _mass of fraction finer than 4.75-mim (No. 4) sieve in total sample. W5 = mass of reduced portion of mater 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve actually sieved. and mass of size increment in reduced portion sieved, 8.6 Unless a mechanical sieve shaker is used, hand particles larger than 75 mm (3 in.) by determining the s sieve opening through which each particle will pass, Start the lest on the sinallest sieve 10 be used, Rotate the particles. if necessaty in order to determine whether they will pass through & particular opening: however. donot force parteles 0 pass through an opening 8.7 Determine the mass of each size increment on a seale or balance conforming to the requirements speeitied in =| to the neatest 0.1 % of the total original dey sample mass. The total Ina of the material after sieving should check closely with original mass of sample placed on the sieves. If the amounts uifler by more than 0.3 %. hased on the original dry sample mass. the results should not be used for aeceptance purperes. 8.8 Ifthe sample has previously been tested hy Test Method CH add the mass finer than the 754m (No, 200) sieve determined by that test method to the mass passing the 75-pan (No, 200) sieve by dry sieving of the same sample in this test, method, 9. Cateulation 9.1 Calculate percentages passing. total percemtages re- timed. oF percentages in various size fractions to the nearest (0.1.5 on the basis of the total mass ofthe intial dry sample, the samme test sample was first tested by Test Method 117, include the mass of material finer than the 75-um (No. 200) size by washing in the sieve analysis calculation: and use the total dry sample mass prior t washing in Test Meth © 17 as the basis for calculating all the percentages 4.1.1 When sample increments are tested as provided in 7, total the masses of the portion of the increments retained on teach sieve. and use these masses to caleulate the percentages as ¥.2 Caleutate the fineness modulus. when requited. by adding the total percentages of material in the sample that is ccoarser than cach of the following sieves (cumulative pereent- ses retained), and dividing the stm by 100: 150-um (No.Lom), 30019 (No, 50). 600m (No. 30. 1.188 2. Mocmm (No. 8). 475mm (No, 4), 9.S-men Csein,). 1.0mm, (ein) 37.S-mn CL s-in), and larger. inetvasing in the ratio of 2wl 10, Report 10.1 Depending upon the form of the specifications for use ff the material under test the repor shall include the follow ing: 10.1.1 Total pereentage of material pas 10.1.2 Total percentage of material retained on each sieve 10.1.3 Percentage of material retained 10.2 Report percentages to the nearest whole number. ex cept ifthe percentage passing the 75-im (No. 200) sieve 1 Less than 10, it shall be reported tthe nearest 0.1 10.3 Report the fineness modulus. when required. to the reanest 0.01 11, Precision and Bias Lt Precision —The estimates of precision for this test metho are listed in Table 2, The estintatey ane based on the results from the «AASHTO Matgrials Reieieace Laboratory Profieienes Saraple Program. sh testing conducted by Tes Metal © FSG aansb AASHTO Now T 27. The data are based on the analyses of the test results from 65 t0 233 laboratories that tested 18 pairs ol course aygrezate proficieney test samples and test results from 74 ty 222 laboratories that tested 17 pairs of line aggregate proficiency test samples (Samples No, 21 90). The values in the table are given for diferent ranges of total pereentage of agoregate passing a sieve, TLL ‘The precision values for fine aggreyate in Tobe 2 are based on nominal 500-2 test samples. Revision of this test ‘method in 1994 permits the fine aggregate test sample size to bbe 300 g minimum, Analysis of results of testing of 300-g and Siig test samples from Aggregate Proficiency Test Samples 99 and 100 (Samples 99 and 100 were essentially identical) produced the precision values in Ysive 5, whieh indicate only yr differences due f0 test sample size. Nom 6—The values for tine will be revised te reflet the big test sample s7e when 2 sufiient umber of Ageregate Protciensy Tess have been conducted vsing that sample size 4 provide reliable data TABLE 2 Precision came Tout Pesos ot» SSR rane oo na Sacg" Deaton 8. en a aa Aaorate™ ‘igo oporator 100 oa oe preesion oe oe 25 ces aa a8 Seo 225 be “0 12 a7 a 096 ar Ss 300 28 0 oS oz o8 untabortony 035 $5 ‘resin ce” a3 132 ba 2m 80 tar 55 $0 35 sae 2 122 34 Fine Aoregate: ‘Sate operator 026 07 683 24 bet 13 036 10 03? 4 Muaninnorsry 023 26 recs nv 22 073 2 06s 18 Ei 031 08 These pers eproronk respecte fe (is) ard (3s) ls desewod Te precision estimates ate bared on spyregates wih mins maxinim size ot 133mm 0), 11.2 Bias—Since there is no avcepted reference material suitable for determining the bias in this test method, mo statement on bias fs made 12. Keywords e aggregate; fine aggregate: gradation: raging: sieve analysis: size analysisly c 136-06 TABLE 9 Precision Data for 300-g and 500-q Test Samples Fine Ragas Froncenoy Same Wain Loraoy Pawan Ta Test Resa Sample Sue NoveerLabs Awage is sts Teaamed Bas “a mtr pasong he No.4 ioe) 009 285 soe oer ome wear 8 00g ze 0900 © Ouer aso Tota mona paging te No.8 sow) 00g vs ato ta 8 ana ert ase 08 tte] “xa matenal passing the No, 16 seve 4) 00 me um oss 149075 300 m2 = tou? Tota mati passing tha No. 20 stve (3) S009 var ash atta a3 3009 ome twat ora “Toa mata! posing the No, 60 steve) 00 9 mo isse ome? mer 009 ps 361s 155 oa “ort matt passing the No. 100 seve) 2009 ar 25 01s ose oat m9 20 25 0m seme “oa Mattia pasong he No. 20 sve) a0 ¢ 28 132 ait ome aston 003 ee re ee co SUMMARY OF CHANGES. Committee CO9 has idemitied the location of selected changes 10 this test method since the lost issue €136=05. that may impact the use of this test method, (Approved February 15. 2006) (1) Revived 5.3. (3) Revised 83, (2) Revised 7 Committee CO has identified the location of selected changes 10 this test method since the last issue, € 136-04. that may impact the use of this test method. (Approved February 1. 2005), (Added 5.3 (21 Revised AASTH ltematona takes no poston respecing te valuy of any pennants aso comecton wih aay sem metoned nissan. 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