Pure Project Organization:

Pure project organization is proposed when an organization has

less number of projects but with longer duration. For each project
manager is appointed and he is responsible to conduct all the
activities associated with the project. The project manager is
inturn responsible to the program manager.

The project manager has fully authority for the execution of the
project and he reports to the program manager in the parent
organization. The lines of communication are shortened as the
project manager directly communicates with the parent project
organization members.

Matrix Organization:
In Matrix Organization, two complementary organization
structures, i.e. the project organization and functional
organization are merged together in order to create a matrix
structure.

Matrix organization is compromise between the project and

functional organization. The idea of matrix structure originated
form aerospace technology in the USA for the construction of a
new airport.

It is concept useful for successful execution of large projects

which require diverse technical enterprise.
Definations of Matrix Organization:

According to Kenneth Knight, “Matrix Organization is a

balanced compromise between departmentation on the basis of
functions and deparmentation on the basis of specific products or
projects or project to be complemented.

Features of Matrix Organization:

1. Matrix Organization is a compromise between functional

organization and project organization.
2. The functional heads are given authority as regards the
technical aspects of the project.
3. The subordinate employees under matrix organization are
under dual control.
4. It is suitable to large projects.
5. Effective communication system is essential for the smooth
functioning of matrix organization.
6. Training of managers as well as subordinates is essential for
the effective working of matrix structure.
7. Authority flows both down and across.

Advantages of Matrix Organization:

1. Better Co-ordination and control: Co ordination is not a

serious problem in matrix organization. Due to vertical and
horizontal communication, the project manager can co-
ordinate many inter-related aspects of particular project.
2. Higher Motivation: People are satisfied when the project is
complemented in time. This feeling of satisfaction raises
their morale and motivates them to work for the new project.
3. Excellence in inter- disciplinary specialization: In a
matrix organization it is possible to expand the technical
excellence into many inters disciplinary activities.
4. Fullest use of available resources: A matrix organization
handles number of projects simultaneously. As the approach
is project oriented, details of the resources required are
calculated accurately. Resources are transferable from one
project to another.
5. Helps self development and growth: Matrix organization
exposes the employees to complex situation and challenges.
The process of job rotation facilitates self-development.
6. Improves efficiency: Matrix organization is a time-bound
project. The project cannot be completed in time unless the
employees display efficiency.

Disadvantages of Matrix Organization:

Dual Control: Under matrix organization, employees
receive order from functional heads as well as from project
manager. This leads to multiplicity of authority which lead to
confusion.

Difficult to Manage:
Under matrix organization, internal operations are
complicated. This is due to horizontal and vertical lines of
authority. The rule and procedures are not followed
uniformly in all departments therefore it becomes difficult to
manage.
Create Communication Gap: There is communication gap
between project manager and functional manager. This is
may lead to confusion.

Complex operation: internal operation of matrix

organizations is complex. Too much shifting of staff from one
project to another creates more complications
Impact of Stress: the appointment of project manager is
temporary Therefore he tries to discredit the functional
manager and take his position, as the job of functional
manager permanent