Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2011.
UNIVERZALNA ZBIRKA
POTPUNO RIJEENIH ZADATAKA
PRIRUNIK ZA SAMOSTALNO UENJE
EKSPONENCIJALNE i
LOGARITAMSKE
FUNKCIJE
LOGARITMI
www.mim-sraga.com
Autor:
MLADEN SRAGA
Grafiki urednik:
Mladen Sraga
BESPLATNA - WEB-VARIJANTA
Tisak:
M.I.M.-SRAGA d.o.o.
Potpunu garanciju na kompletnu zbirku daje: centar za dopisnu poduku M.I.M.-SRAGA dakle sve to vam se ini nejasno krivo ili sumnjivo - zovite 01-4578-431 ili 01-4579-130
i traite dodatne upute i objanjenja ...
Dodatne upute i objanjenja moete zatraiti i na mail: mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
Ovo je jako skraena varijanta nae zbirke samo oglednih 40-ak zadataka .
M.I.M.-SRAGA d.o.o. zadrava sva prava na reproduciranje , umnaanje , prodaju ove
zbirke potpuno rijeenih zadataka iskljuivo u okviru svog programa poduke i dopisne
poduke.
Nikakva komercijalna upotreba ove zbirke nije dozvoljena bez pismene dozvole
nakladnika !
Autor kompletnih rjeenja: Mladen Sraga
M.I.M. - Sraga d.o.o.
www.mim-sraga.com
1.
Izraunaj:
1)
log 5 25
2)
log 3 3
3)
log 2 8
4)
log 8 2
5)
l og 9 3
6)
log 4 0.25
7)
log100
8)
l og 0.1
9)
log1000
2.
Koliko je:
1)
log 2 8
2)
log 3 27
3)
log 2 16
4)
log 1 16
5)
log 1 32
6)
log 1 27
7)
log 1 3
8)
3.
log 1 64
9)
log 2 2
Izraunaj:
1)
log 2 x = 4
2)
log 3 x = 9
3)
log 1 x = 2
2
1
2
1
7) log 2 x =
3
1
10) log 25 x =
2
4)
log 9 x =
5)
log 8 x =
1
3
6)
log 3 x =
1
2
8)
log 2 x = 0
9)
log 0.1 x = 2
11)
log 27 x =
1
3
LOGARITMI
4.
www.mim-sraga.com
Izraunaj:
1)
log x 9 =
2
3
4
3
1
7) log x 3 2 =
3
1
10) log 25 x =
2
4)
log x 81 =
2)
log x 16 =
5)
log x
8)
11)
4
5
3)
log x 36 = 2
6)
log x 3 =
9)
log x 25 = 2
log 2 7
3)
1
2
6)
25log5 2
1
= 8
16
1
log x 3 2 =
6
8
1
log x
=
27 3
1
2
5.
1)
log3 5
2)
4)
3log9 6
5)
4log 2 5
7)
3log9 25
8)
1
4
log 2 5
log 4 5
6. Logaritmiraj:
1)
log (10 x )
2)
log100 x 2
3)
log ( x 2 y 3 z 4 )
4)
log
10
x
5)
log
x2
y3
6)
log x 2
7)
log x3
8)
log
x3
y5
9)
log
10) log 3 x
11)
log 5 x
12)
log 4
14)
log 5 10 x 3
15)
log1
16) log 3 1
17)
log 5 1
x
y
10
x
www.mim-sraga.com
7. Logaritmiraj
2)
x2
log
10 y 3
x2
100
5)
log
x2 y3
10
8)
log
1)
log 36
log 2 + log 3
2)
log 324
log 3 + log 6
4)
4
25
log 2 log 5
5)
1 + log 2.5
log 35 log 7
1)
2)
3)
4)
1)
100
log 2
x
4)
log
7)
log
3)
log
xy
100
100 x 2
x
6)
log
x2 y3
10 x
10 x
y
9)
log 5
x2 y3
1000
8.
log
3)
log 3 log 5
9
log
25
9.
10.
1.)
3
= 2 log x
log x + 2
LOGARITMI
www.mim-sraga.com
www.mim-sraga.com
LOGARITMI
www.mim-sraga.com
1.
1)
1)
3)
log 5 25 = ?
log 5 25 = x
uvdemo nepoznanicu
x , pa imamo a = 5, b = 25, c = x
25 = 5 x
b = ac
52 = 5 x
2=x
x=2
log a b = c b = a c
25 = 52
Pravila za LOGARITMIRANJE
log 5 25 = x
2) log 3 3 = x
25 = 5 x
3 = 3x
52 = 5 x
31 = 3x
2=x
1= x
x=2
x =1
log 2 8 = x
4) log 2 8 = x
8 = 2x
2 = 8x
23 = 2 x
21 = ( 23 ) x
3= x
21 = 23 x
x=3
1 = 3x
3x = 1 / : 3
x=
5)
1
3
l og 9 3 = x
6) log 4 0.25 = x
3=9
0.25 = 4 x
31 = ( 32 ) x
1 = 2x
2x = 1 / : 2
x=
1
2
25
= 4x
100
1
x
=4
4
4 1 = 4 x
1 = x
x = 1
Autor kompletnih rjeenja: Mladen Sraga
M.I.M. - Sraga d.o.o.
www.mim-sraga.com
1.
7)
log100 = x
8) l og 0.1 = x
log10 100 = x
100 = 10
log10 0.1 = x
0.1 = 10 x
1
= 10 x
10
101 = 10 x
1 = x
102 = 10 x
2=x
x=2
x = 1
9)
log1000 = x
log10 1000 = x
1000 = 10 x
0.01 = 10 x
1
= 10 x
100
1
= 10 x
102
102 = 10 x
103 = 10 x
3= x
x=3
2 = x
x = 2
LOGARITMI
www.mim-sraga.com
2. Koliko je:
1) log 2 8 = x
2) log 3 27 = x
8 = 2x
27 = 3x
23 = 2 x
3= x
x=3
33 = 3x
3= x
x=3
log 2 16 = x
4) log 1 16 = x
3)
16 = 2
1
16 =
2
24 = ( 21 ) x
24 = 2 x
24 = 2 x
4=x
x = 4
4=x
x=4
5)
log 1 32 = x
6) log 1 27 = x
1
32 =
2
1
27 =
3
25 = ( 21 ) x
7)
33 = ( 31 ) x
25 = 2 x
5= x
33 = 3 x
3=x
x = 5
x = 3
log 1 3 = x
8) log 1 64 = x
9) log 2 2 = x
1
3=
3
3 2 = ( 31 ) x
1
3 2 = 3 x
1
= x
2
1
x=
2
1
64 =
2
2 = 2x
26 = ( 21 ) x
2 2 = 2x
26 = 2 x
1
=x
2
1
x=
2
6= x
x = 6
10
www.mim-sraga.com
3.
1)
log 2 x = 4
2) log 3 x = 9
x = 24
x = 16
3)
x = 39
log 1 x = 2
4) log 9 x =
1
x=
2
1
x=
4
1
2
x = (9) 2
1
x= 9
x=3
5)
log 8 x =
1
3
6) log 3 x =
x = (8) 3
x = 32
x = 38
x=2
x= 3
7)
log 2 x =
1
3
8) log 2 x = 0
9)
1
2
x = 23
x = 20
x=
x =1
log 0.1 x = 2
10) log 25 x =
11) log 27 x =
1
x = 0.12
1
x=
10
1
x=
100
1
2
1
3
1
x = 25 2
x = 27 3
x=
x=
x=5
25
27
x = 3 33
x=3
11
LOGARITMI
www.mim-sraga.com
4.
1)
log x 9 =
2
3
2) log x 16 =
9 = x3
16 = x 5
/2
93 = x
16 4 = x
3
x = ( 32 ) 2
3
x = 31
3
2
x=
(( 2 ) )
1
4
x = 32
log x 36 = 2
36 = x 2
12
x = 25
x = 33
x = 27
36
x = 16 4
x = 92
3)
4
5
4) log x 81 =
/
12
81 = x
34
=x
81
12
x = 36
1
x= 1
36 2
1
x=
36
1
x=
6
4
3
43
34
=x
34
x = 81
x = ( 34 )
34
4 3
x = 31 ( 4 )
x = 33
1
33
1
x=
27
x=
12
www.mim-sraga.com
4.
5)
log x
1
= 8
16
1
1
= x 8 / 8
16
1
16
1
8
6) log x 3 =
3 = x2
=x
1
x=
16
1
2
/2
32 = x
1
8
3= x
16 8
x=
1
x=3
x = ( 24 ) 8
1
x=2
4 18
1
x = 22
x=
7)
log x 3 2 =
3
3
1
3
1
2 = x3
8) log x 3 2 =
/3
23 = x
1
6
1
2 = x6
26 = x
/6
2=x
x = 3 26
x=2
x = ( 26 ) 3
1
x = 23
x = 22
x=4
13
LOGARITMI
9)
www.mim-sraga.com
log x 25 = 2
10) log x
1
25 = x 2
/2
8
=3
27
8
= x3
27
1
8 3
=x
27
1
2
25 = x
x = 25
1
2
8 3
x=
27
1
x=
x=5
25
23 3
x= 3
3
2
x =
3
2
x=
3
1
3
14
www.mim-sraga.com
5.
1)
3log3 5 = x po pravilu
2)
2log2 7 = 7
3)
1
2
4)
3log9 6 = 3
5)
6)
log 2 5
= ( 2 1 )
log
32
log 2 5
= 32
a loga x = x
= 21log2 5 = 2log2 5 = 2
1
2
log3 6
log 2 15
1
5
= 3log3 6 = 6 2 = 6
log9 25
7)
8)
1
4
log
=3
log 4 5
32
25
=3
1
2
log3 25
=3
log3 25 2
= 25 2 =
= ( 41 ) log4 5 = 4log4 5 = 51 =
1
25 = 5
1
5
Pravila za LOGARITMIRANJE
15
LOGARITMI
www.mim-sraga.com
7. Logaritmiraj:
1)
log
2)
log
3)
log
100
= log100 log x 2 = log102 2 log x = 2 log10 2 log x =
x2
= 2 1 2 log x = 2 2 log x
x2
= log x 2 log (10 y 3 ) = 2 log x ( log10 + log y 3 ) = 2 log x log10 3log y =
10 y 3
= 2 log x 1 3log x
xy
= log xy log100 = log
100
1
= log x 2 + log y 2 2 1 =
1
1
log x + log y 2
2
2
4)
log
5)
log
1
2
x2
= log 3 x 2 log100 = log ( x 2 ) 3 log102 = log x 3 2 log10 =
100
2
2
= log x 2 1 = log x 2
3
3
100 x 2
x
1
1
3
= 2 + log x
2
16
www.mim-sraga.com
7.
6)
log
x2 y3
10 x
7)
log
x2 y3
10
1
1
= 2 log x + 3log y log10 = 2 log x + 3log y
2
2
8)
10 x
log
= log
10 x
y
= log
10 x
4
= log
10 x log 4 y =
1
1
1
1
= log 10 + log x log y 4 = log10 2 + log x 2 log y =
4
1
1
1
1 1
1
= log10 + log x log y = + log x
2
2
4
2 2
4 log y
9)
x 2 y 3 15 1
x2 y3
x2 y3 1
log
= log
= log ( x 2 y 3 ) log1000 =
= log
1000
5
1000 5
1000
1
1
= ( log x 2 + log y 3 log103 ) = ( 2 log x + 3log y 3log10 ) =
5
5
1
1
1
2
3
3
= 2 log x + 3log y 3 1 = log x + log y
5
5
5
5
5
5
17
LOGARITMI
www.mim-sraga.com
6. Logaritmiraj:
1)
2)
3)
4)
log
10
= log10 log x = 1 log x
x
5)
log
x2
= log x 2 log y 3 = 2 log x 3log y
3
y
6)
log x 2 = 2 log x
7)
log x3 = 3log x
8)
x3
log 5 = log x3 log y 5 = 3log x 5log y
y
9)
log
x
y
1
log x 3log y
2
1
log x
3
18
www.mim-sraga.com
6.
1
12) log 4
1
log x
5
4
1
1
10
10
1
1
= log 4 = log 4 10 log 4 x = log10 4 log x 4 = log10 log x =
x
4
4
x
1
1
1 1
= 1 log x = log x
4
4
4 4
1
1
log (100 x 2 ) = ( log100 + log x 2 ) =
3
3
1
1
1
= ( log102 + 2 log x ) = ( 2 log10 + 2 log x ) = ( 2 1 + 2 log x ) =
3
3
3
2 2
= + log x
3 3
1
1
log (10 x 3 ) = ( log10 + log x3 ) =
5
5
1
1 3
= (1 + 3log x ) = + log x
5
5 5
16) log 3 1 = 0
17) log 5 1 = 0
19
LOGARITMI
www.mim-sraga.com
8.
1)
log 36
log 62
2 log 6 2 log 6
=2
=
=
=
log 2 + log 3 log ( 2 3)
log 6
log 6
2)
log 324
log182
2 log18 2 log18
=
=
=
=2
log 3 + log 6 log ( 3 6 )
log18
log18
3)
3
3
3
1 log
log
1
log 3 log 5
5
5 =
5 =
=
=
2
9
3
2
3
3
log
2 log
2 log
log
25
5
5
5
4)
2
4
2 2 log 2
log
log
2 log
5
5 =
25
5 =
=2
=
2
2
log 2 log 5
2
log
log
log
5
5
5
log
5)
1 + log 2.5
log10 + log 2.5
=
=
35
log 35 log 7
log
7
=
Pravila za LOGARITMIRANJE
20
www.mim-sraga.com
9.
1)
uvjeti :
x+2>0
x > 2
x4>0
2x 3 > 0
x>4
2x > 3
3
x>
2
( x + 2 )( x 4 ) = 2 x 3
x2 4 x + 2 x 8 2 x + 3 = 0
x>4
x 4x 5 = 0
2
x1,2 =
( 4 )
( 4 )
4 1 ( 5 )
2 1
46
2
=
2
2
x1 = 1
x1 =
2)
4 16 + 20 4 36 4 6
=
=
2
2
2
4 + 6 10
=
x2 =
2
2
x2 = 5
u v je ti:
x+3> 0
x > 3
( x + 3) ( x 1) = 5 x + 7
x1,2 =
4 1 ( 10 )
2 1
37
4
=
2
2
x1 = 2
x1 =
pa je:
x=5
5x > 7
7
x >
5
u v ijet je x > 1
x 2 3 x 10 = 0
( 3 )
5x + 7 > 0
x 2 x + 3x 3 5 x 7 = 0
( 3)
x 1 > 0
x >1
3 9 + 40 3 49 3 7
=
=
2
2
2
3 + 7 10
=
x2 =
2
2
x2 = 5
x >1
jedino rjeenje
21
LOGARITMI
3)
4)
www.mim-sraga.com
22
www.mim-sraga.com
10.
1.)
3
= 2 log x
log x + 2
log x = t
uvjet:
log x + 2 0
log x 2
3
= 2 t / (t + 2)
t+2
3 = ( 2 t )( t + 2 )
x 102
1
x
100
3 = 22 t 2
3 = 4 t2
3 4 = t2
1 = t 2
t2 = 1
t= 1
t1 = 1
t2 = 1
log x = t
log x = 1
x = 10
x=
1
10
log x = 1
x = 101
x = 10
1
100
1
i x2 = 10
pa su rjeenja: x1 =
10
uvjet: x
23
LOGARITMI
www.mim-sraga.com
24
www.mim-sraga.com
25
LOGARITMI
www.mim-sraga.com
Ako ne znate rijeiti neki zadatka iz kolske zbirke poaljite ga nama pa emo vam ga mi rijeiti.
Zadatak poaljite tako da naznaite zbirku iz koje je zadatak: naslov i ime autora, pa onda redni broj
zadatka, tekst zadatka moete a i ne morate prepisivati.
mail: mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
26
Zadaci 5.3.
9.
www.mim-sraga.com
koristimo pravilo:
3)
4)
27
LOGARITMI
www.mim-sraga.com
9.
5.3.
6)
5)
7)
8)
9)
log x
7
=1
3
10)
log x
8
= 3
27
7
= x1
3
8
= x 3
27
7
x=
3
8
27
2
x= 3
3
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
= x
1
3
1
3
2
3
2 3 2
= Autor
= Sraga
kompletnih
= rjeenja:
Mladen
=
3
2
3M.I.M.
- Sragad.o.o.
3
28
3
www.mim-sraga.com
5.3.
10.
koristimo pravilo:
a loga x = x
11.
29
LOGARITMI
www.mim-sraga.com
5.3.
11.
12.
30
www.mim-sraga.com
5.3.
13.
14.
31
LOGARITMI
www.mim-sraga.com
5.3.
15.
16.
32
www.mim-sraga.com
Ovo je jako mali dio potpuno rijeenih zadataka iz nae interne skripte ili zbirke
potpuno rijeenih zadataka koju koristimo u radu naeg centra poduka i online
poduka.
Do kompletnih rjeenja moete doi tako da se ukljuite u online poduku ( cijena
99 kn )
Sve informacije oko naina online poduke i obine poduke
zatraite na na mail: mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
33