Earthwork

y Earthworksofhighways.
Earthworks of highways.
y Earthworkactivities.
y Earthworkquantitiesandcalculations.
y
y

Areaofcrosssections.
Determinationofvolumeofearthworksbyappropriate
methods.

y Themasshauldiagram.
The mass haul diagram
y
y

Determinationoftheplannedmovementofmaterials.
Calculationofthemeanhauldistanceandthecorresponding
cost.

Earthwork
y Highwaysinvolveconsiderableamountofearthwork.
g
y
y Earthworkissimplythequantityofmaterialtobemoved

orputinplacetoconvertthenaturalconditionand
configurationwithintheROWoftheroadtothesection
andgradesdescribedintheplans.
y Classificationofearthworkoperations
y Clearingandgrubbing
y Excavation
y
y
y

Roadwayanddrainageexcavation
Excavationforstructures
Borrowexcavation