Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Id
Division
Sub Division
Notes
2157
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
2161
Internal
Medicine
Dermatology
impressive cellulitis -> anceph (cefazolin) which is IV vs. cellulitis + pus or in area of high MRSA ->
add Vanco
2164
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
loop diuretics -> hypo-k and -mg -> Vtach -> get electrolytes and check digoxin level
2165
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
hyper-ca with unsuppressed pth and no urinary increase in calcium excretion -> receptor sensing
problem in parathyroid and kidney -> familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia vs. hyper-ca with
unsupressed pth and increased urinary excretion -> primary hyperparathyroidism
2176
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
Very high calcium, low PTH -> malignancy vs. High calcium, high PTH -> primary
hyperparathyroidism
2178
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
sore throat and fever on PTU? -> check WBC for agranulocytosis!!
2180
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
dilute blood + concentrated urine -> EUVOLEMIC hyponatremia 2/2 SIADH (NSAIDS potentiate
ADH) vs. renal failure/ kidney problem -> HYPERVOLEMIC hyponatremia
2184
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
DKA diagnosis: blood glucose >250, blood ketones, acidosis (decreased pH or bicarb)
2190
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
diabetic nephropathy -> control your BP to maintain GFR !!! 140/90 OK. Ace-i best (when starting,
monitor decline in GFR and hyper-K)
2191
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
hormone OD, iodine OD, subacute painless lymophocytic, post-delivery -> thyrotoxicosis
(inflammed follicles leak thyroid hormones) -> decreased radioactive iodine uptake
2203
Internal
Medicine
GIT
PRESSURE during vomiting -> ruptures submucosal ARTERIES in distal eso -> MALLORY WEISS
TEARS vs. eso varices-> submucosal VEINS from portal hypertension
2221
Internal
Medicine
Genitourinary
left sided scrotal varicocele + blood in urine + polycythemia -> RCC???? -> CT that.
2228
Internal
Medicine
Genitourinary
kidney stone? -> probs Calcium oxalate!! especially if fat malabsorption problem
2229
Internal
Medicine
Genitourinary
2236
Internal
Medicine
Genitourinary
2256
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
+ VDRL -> confirm with ABs. lots of false postivies with SLE antiphospholipid AB syndrome
2269
Internal
Medicine
ID
ALL SORTS OF THINGS can give you diarrhea in HIV-> send your stool for analysis before
picking an antibx...
2270
Internal
Medicine
ID
2282
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
LEWY body dementia -> see LIONS. FLUCTUATING cognitive impairment, parkinsonism motor
sx..
2287
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
tremor that increases in intensity while reaching for object -> ESSENTIAL TREMOR, AD ->
Propranolol
2292
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
gram negative -> CIPRO vs. anaerobe -> CLINDA (anaerobes above the diaphragm). CAP ->
z-pack vs. levo (less healthy pt) vs. HCAP-> vanc (+) + zosyn (broad, pseudo) + cipro(-, pseudo)
vs. ICU -> add gentamicin or imipenem?
2295
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
very sick alcoholic coughing -> aspiration pneumonia -> right lower lobe (can be upper if lying
down)
2305
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
2582
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
2589
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
testicular cancer -> KILL FIRST AND INVESTIGATE LATER (surgery + chemo)-> high cure rate!!
:) **(NO BIOPSY OR NEEDLE ASPIRATION OR CANCER CELLS/SPERM WILL SPILL OUT)
2599
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
if calcium >12 -> BAD hypercalcemia -> calcitonin, bisphosphonates, NS. *cancer -> parathyroid
hormone related protein -> makes your bones break down -> hypercalcemia CALCIUM BREAKS
YOUR BONES.
2602
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
ptosis -> eyelid droop (myasthenia, horner's) vs. proptosis/exopthalmous-> eye props out (grave's)
2608
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
Do you TRUST HER??? TRASTuzumab for HER2+ breast cancer. *cardiotoxic so echo before
starting. chemo/radiation after surgery = adjuvant.
2613
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
ONLY If positive for BRCA -> screen for Ovarian cancer with U/S +/- CA125
2615
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
most common type of lung cancer- > ADENOcarcinoma (solitary and in periphery), & remarkable
has NO ASSOCIATION WITH SMOKING!!
2616
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
febrile neutropenia -> PIPTAZ empirically after blood culture to get pseudo, or meropenem or
cefepime
2630
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
2632
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
2641
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
PO43- binds Ca2+, so tumor lysis syndrome -> increased everything except calcium.
2645
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
2645
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
2646
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
Progesterone before Pot for anorexia....does the pill make you fat?!?!
2649
Internal
Medicine
GIT
tumor with diarrhea in small intest -> carcinoid syndrome vs. tumor with diarrhea in pancreas ->
VIPoma
2659
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
2662
Internal
Medicine
Poisoning
dry as a bone, full as a flask, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter -> anticholineric tox -> give
physostigmine (cholinesterase inhibitor)
2663
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
brady + wheezing + hypotension -> BB overdose -> 1. atropine + fluids 2. glucagon 3. epinephrine
2695
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
systolic mumur radiation going to axilla + S3 + palpitations -> most likely Afib from MR from MVP
2731
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
2737
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
Troponin T Takes TEN days to return to normal. so use CK-MB (returns to normal within 1-2 days)
for recurrent heart attack.
2741
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
2745
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
STEMI: PTCA (door to ballon time < 90 min) better outcomes than fibrinolytics (door to needle
time <30 min).
2745
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
door to balloon time < 90 minutes (Percut transluminal coronary angioplasty PTCA)
2747
Internal
Medicine
Dermatology
URI then herald patch-> xmas tree pattern -> pityriasis rosea
2760
Internal
Medicine
Dermatology
elaine's painful stye from local process -> Hordeolum -> Hot compresses, I&Dvs. painless
granuloma rxn from obstructed gland-> chalazion -> if recurrent, biopsy to R/O gland cancer
2775
Internal
Medicine
Dermatology
IgG against desmoglein in epidermis -> flacci blistering bullae -> pemphigus VULGARIS vs. IgG
and C3 at dermal epidermal junction (DEEPER) -> HARD blisters -> bullous pemphiGOLD
2775
Internal
Medicine
Dermatology
Dig deeper for gold ( igG in dermal-epidermal layer for tense bulbous pemphigoid) Vs. Vulgaris
(vulgar, flaccid, superficial)
2786
Internal
Medicine
Electrolytes
pneumonia -> hypoxia -> tachypnea, respiratory alkalosis -> renal compensation by decreasing
bicarb
2790
Internal
Medicine
Electrolytes
pneumonia -> respiratory acidosis ( if COPD exacerbation) & metabolic acidosis (production of
lactate). are the lungs compensating for a metabolic acidosis? arterial pCo2= 1.5xbicarb +8
2796
Internal
Medicine
Electrolytes
Winter's formula for respiratory compensation for DKA or metabolic acidosis: PaCO2 = 1.5xbicarb
+8
2812
Internal
Medicine
Electrolytes
hypotension from septic shock (acidosis, low urine output, fever, tachypnea): 1. NS bolus 2.
Pressors only if NS fails
2813
Internal
Medicine
Electrolytes
vomiting: 1. lose gastric juice (HCl, NaCl)-> pancreas doesn't release bicarb -> bicarb increases in
blood. 2. lose blood volume -> kidneys sense decreased Q -> aldosterone -> lose H+ and K+. ->
hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
2817
Internal
Medicine
Electrolytes
NON-AG metabolic acidosis with hyperkalemia and hyponatremia -> aldosterone deficiency->
addison's disease -> autoimmune vs. TB vs. hemorrhage vs. met cancer?
2821
Internal
Medicine
Electrolytes
seizure -> chem panel 2 hours after. has lactic acidosis resolved?????
2821
Internal
Medicine
Electrolytes
seizures -> muscles release lactic acid -> Anion Gap METABOLIC ACIDOSIS -> repeat labs in 2
hours
2837
Internal
Medicine
ID
2842
Internal
Medicine
ENT
AERD (aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease) after NSAIDS is associated with nasal polyps.
2858
Internal
Medicine
Ophthalmology
chalazion just chills there. vs. hordeolum hurts. vs. dacryocystitis (infected lacrimal sac) needs
antibiotics.
2877
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
2880
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
cirrhosis, bronze diabetes, dilated heart failure -> AR hemochromatosis -> genetic testing dx;
serial phelbotomy trx
2885
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (cells fucked up and not making enzyme)-> CML vs. high w/
PV or leukemoid reaction/ infection
2888
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
2889
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
2895
Internal
Medicine
Hepatology
President Wilson on the copper penny-> dx liver biopsy + ceruloplasmin levels in blood; trx:
chelators, zinc, transplant
2901
Internal
Medicine
GIT
Antibiotics before LP vs. Antibiotics after paracentesis!!! ** high SAAC (serum albumin- ascites
albumin) > 1.1 -> portal htn/ liver problem/ sbp. -> probs just need antibx if bacterial peritonitis is
SECONDARY (from ruptured appendicitis for example) -> you'd see MULTIPLE types of bacteria,
sUPER LOW GLUCOSE, SUPER HIGH LDH & PRTN -> get IMAGING and CONSULT SURGERY
2920
Internal
Medicine
GIT
PBC is in WOMEN. vs. PSC associated with UC. (dx: cholangiogram and liver biopsy)
2924
Internal
Medicine
Hepatology
Bodgan the Jew has Dubin-Johnson syndrome. Asymptomatic but shockingly black. Conjugated
hyperbilirubinemia. Rotor similiar but normal color.
2924
Internal
Medicine
Hepatology
CONJUGATED hyperbili -> DJ Rotor!!! (Dubin-J - guiness colored liver), (Rotor-lacks color) vs.
UNconjugated hyperbili -> Gilbert (gentle) or Crigler-Najjar (this is the EVIL one, need transplant)
2934
Internal
Medicine
GIT
2936
Internal
Medicine
GIT
2938
Internal
Medicine
Hepatology
neuropsych sx and basal ganglia -> slit lamp that shit and get ceruloplasmin levels for WILSON'S
DISEASE
2950
Internal
Medicine
Hepatology
"only people who wear lipstick get PBC. how did you get it??"
2953
Internal
Medicine
Hepatology
hypokalemia/diuretic use -> ammonium (NH4+ -> NH3 which crosses BBB) ->hepatic
encephalopathy -> replace potassium + albumin
2961
Internal
Medicine
Hepatology
2968
Internal
Medicine
Hepatology
cutie amoeba protozoas! -> bloody diarrhea but only get 1 liver cyst and trx is metronidazole.
2977
Internal
Medicine
GIT
dark urine/ + urine bili -> conjugated -> rotor's syndrome -> no trx
2986
Internal
Medicine
Hepatology
HEP B is NBD. 90% recover some -> chronic. somse -> fulminant (encephalopathy within 8weeks
of acute liver failure) -> need transplant!!!
2995
Internal
Medicine
ID
2995
Internal
Medicine
ID
ANY TIME THEY GIVE YOU A LOCATION -> PAY SOME FUCKING ATTENTION TO ENDEMIC
DISEASES. TB looks like histo and blasto and sarcoidosis!
3011
Internal
Medicine
ID
3012
Internal
Medicine
ID
acute infective endocarditis -> 3 blood cultures, then empiric antibx. vs. subacute -3 blood cultures
spaced further apart + tailored antibx once cultures back
3014
Internal
Medicine
ID
3021
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
pleural plaques if b/l -> likely due to asbestosis vs. if unilateral -> mesothelioma
3024
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
3029
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
3042
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
pulse ox (O2 sat) < 88%, abg Pa02<55%, hematocrit >55% -> start OXYGEN trx
3062
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
ankyrin scaffolding protein on RBC fucked up -> AD hereditary spherocytosis -> increased osmotic
fragiliility on acidified glyceorl lysis test and abnormal binding test. coombs test negative-> folate,
transfusions, splenectomy or else pigment gallstones + aplastic crises
3069
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
arthymmia from WPW -> IV procainamide or cardioversion (AV nodal blockers like BB, CCB,
adenosine, digoxin will send them into VFib!!!!)
3083
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
3083
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
3085
Internal
Medicine
Electrolytes
orthostatic hypotension with loss of Na+ and K+ in urine -> DIURETIC ABUSE????!?!?!?
3086
Internal
Medicine
GIT
3090
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
Young ppl with chest pain -> AS from bicuspid aortic valve?!?!?!??! vs. HCM
3096
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
atrial tach (from increased ectopy) + AV block (increased vagal tone) -> digitalis TOXICITY
3099
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
Hyperventilation -> resp alkalosis-> hypocalcemia (more bound to albumin, less free) ->
paresthesias, spasm
3105
Internal
Medicine
ID
3131
Internal
Medicine
ID
EBV -> Monospot dx (My one spot Bar). ABs against EBV can attack RBCs and plts-> coombs test
positive hemolytic anemia
3149
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
synovial fluid analysis to distinguish: septic arthritis vs. gout vs. pseudogout.
3150
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
3150
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
3153
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
suspicious joint fluid -> inflammatory vs. outrageous joing fluid -> septic. (purulent arthritis in
person having sex -> GONORREA until proven otherwise)
3157
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
exertion -> exacerbates vascular claudication vs. posture (extension)-> exacerbates neurogenic
claudication
3161
Internal
Medicine
Poisoning
METHANOL (anti-freeze) MESSES WIth YOUR VISION. vs. ETHYLENE (sweet radiator fluid)
EFFS UP YOUR KIDNEYS. *trx- fomepizole or ethanol. B1, B6, Folate
3161
Internal
Medicine
Poisoning
IF THEY GIVE YOU A CHEM PANEL -> DO YOU THINK YOU NEED TO CALCULATE AN ANION
GAP?!?!?!?!?
3168
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
3173
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
3203
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
3208
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
3211
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
pain with flexion, SLR (also flexing)-> pressure on anterior herniation -> HERNIATED DISK. vs.
pain with extension -> spinal facet problem -> SPINAL STENOSIS.
3230
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
3231
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
aldosterone:renin over 20 -> 1* HYPERALDOSTERONISM -> CT and cut adrenal tumor out or
aldosterone antags
3245
Internal
Medicine
ID
immunocompromised or old -> vanc + amp + cephalosporin for bacterial meningitis (amp gets
listeria)
3246
Internal
Medicine
ID
tb prophylaxis -> 9 months isoniazid + B6 +liver fx tests vs. active, sx tb treatment -> combo drug
regimen
3248
Internal
Medicine
ID
3256
Internal
Medicine
ID
3261
Internal
Medicine
ID
3263
Internal
Medicine
ID
3266
Internal
Medicine
ID
rubella (rapidly spreading) + joint problems or postinfectious encephalitis vs. measles (migrates
over days)
3267
Internal
Medicine
ID
3267
Internal
Medicine
ID
Eosinophils < 3%
3317
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
Osteoarthritis morning stiffness is ONLY 30 min or less. Vs. rheumatoid/inflammatory is really long.
3449
Internal
Medicine
ENT
3462
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
3483
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
3484
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
you DONT need to FNA everyone with a fucking thyroid nodule!! only those with cancer risk
factors or suspicious U/S findings or normal/high TSH. Low TSH -> scan -> if hot nodule most
likely benign so just treat for hyperthyroidism; if cold nodule -> FNA that shit too.
3489
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
vit D deficiency -> decreased calcium + phosphate absorbtion -> PTH -> bone resorption and
lower phosphate-> bone pain and osteomalacia
3490
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
vit D deficiency -> decreased Ca and Phos absorption -> osteomalacia, secondary
hyperparathyroidism
3492
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
3493
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
functioning pituitary adenoma -> prolactin >200 vs. nonfunctionig -> inert substantces +
compression effects (decreased TSH) *hypothyroidism ddx
3496
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
3498
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
Papillary thyroid cancer is most Popular. Radiation, family hx risk factors. Best prognosis.
3498
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
Carcinoma-> lymphatics (except HCC, rcc, follicular, choriocarcinoma) Vs. Sarcoma -> blood
(connective tissue)
3499
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
3499
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
You want to see psamomma bodies -> papillary thyroid cancer good prognosis :]
3502
Internal
Medicine
GIT
air in thorax -> eso perf -> gastrographin (barium inflammatory) vs. blood in thorax -> aortic
dissection
3506
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
restrictive lung disease -> NO AMIODARONE vs. obstructive lung disease -> NO BETA BLOCKERS
3518
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
increased alk phos + mixed lytic/blastic lesions + hat size + secondary aosteoarthritis -> paget's
disease -> bone scan + bisphosphates if sx
3520
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
MEN 1 -> 3Ps (pit, pancreas, PTH) vs. MEN 2a -> PTH, medullary thryoid cancer, adrenal pheo
vs. MEN 2b -> marfanoid and mucosal stuff, medullary thyroid cancer, adrenal pheo
3526
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
warmth/swelling/tenderness -> venous thrombosis (HIT) vs. lose pulses -> arterial clot (LV
thrombus after MI, LA thrombus from AFib, aortic atherosclerosis)
3561
Internal
Medicine
ID
ANaerobic gram+ branching in face with sulfure granules and draining sinuses -> actinomyces ->
PCN vs. aerobic gram+ branching -> nocardia -> Bactrim
3585
Internal
Medicine
GIT
Pain or anorexia w/ jaundice -> obstruction -> U/S for biliary obstruction/dilation vs. without
jaundice -> CT w/ contrast
3619
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
3635
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
3637
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
pseudotumor -> bridging therapy (LP, steroids) + then ACETAZOLAMIDE (decreases actual CSF
production)
3648
Internal
Medicine
Genitourinary
acute renal failure -> hyperkalemia, brady -> IV calcium gluconate to protect heart membranes
3680
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
back pain worse lying down -> cord compression vs. improved with recumbency ->msk
3693
Internal
Medicine
Genitourinary
nitrites in urine (just like in smoked meats you eat) -> enterobacteria vs. LEUK esterase -> pyuria
(bacterial infection)
3698
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
no QRS -> VF -> first debibrillator (CPR if unwitnessed or >5 min) -> then epinephrine/Q3min while
CPR ongoing -> debrillator again-> antiarrhythmics (amiodarone, lidocaine, magnesium) if
warranted.
3717
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
3729
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
polyuria w/: -high glucose -> DM. -concentrated urine -> DI (central ro renal resistance). -dilute
urine -> polydipsia
3738
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
dominant (L) frontal lobe -> broca's aphasia, contralateral weakness, look to lesion
3778
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
DIURETICS MAKE GOUT WORSE!!!!!!!!! diuretics -> hypovolemia -> increased uric acid levels
3829
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
3863
Internal
Medicine
Preventive
Medicine
50-74 women -> 2 boobs Q2 years until you're too fucking old. 21-65 women -> 3 hole area check
Q3 years. 65+ -> DEXA
3873
Internal
Medicine
ID
3874
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
hoarse voice/persistent cough with afib and elevated left main bronchus-> left atrial
enlargement?? -> MS from rheumatic fever???
3890
Internal
Medicine
GIT
3892
Internal
Medicine
ID
when you're 65 years old -> PCV13, then PPSV23 or just PPSV23 if you're comorbidy
3895
Internal
Medicine
Genitourinary
3918
Internal
Medicine
GIT
3930
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
3936
Internal
Medicine
GIT
3945
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
nitrates -> dilate veins -> decrease preload -> decrease O2 requirement of heart
3951
Internal
Medicine
Genitourinary
nosebleeds, bruising, all sorts of bleeding during chronic renal failure -> due to platelet dysfunction
(BT prolonged, but everything else normal) -> give DESMOPRESSIN (increases vWF release).
DESMOPRESSIN FOR DAT FUCKING PLATELET DYSFUNCTION.
3958
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
dehydrated?? -> what's the BUN/Cr ?????? (>20 is very SENSITIVE but not specific for
hypovolemia)
3958
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
drop in 20/10 from supine to standing-> orthostatic hypotension 2/2 volume depletion (BUN/Cr
>20) OR baroreceptor sensitivity problem
3976
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
3977
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
severe HTN -> hypertensive urgency vs. severe HTN + papilledema/retinal bleed-> malignant htn
vs. severe HTN + cerebral edema/neuro sx -> hypertensive encephalopathy
3979
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
3987
Internal
Medicine
Genitourinary
acyclovir -> not very soluble in urine -> crystal induced acute kidiney injury!!! -> give lots of FLUIDS
3994
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
old people -> lose elasticity -> increased systolic bp -> widened pulse pressure -> give anti-htn
med
4001
Internal
Medicine
Biostatistics
4003
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
wide pulse pressure-> decreased elasticity, AVM, AR vs. narrow pulse pressure -> AS,
tamponade, blood loss
4007
Internal
Medicine
Genitourinary
chronic analgesic abuse -> papillary necrosis + tubuloinsterstitial nephritis (polyuria, sterile
pyuria/WBCs)
4024
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
pneumonia trx; outpt healthy-azithro vs. outpt unhealthy-levo vs. inpt/ICU- levo OR vanc+ zosyn +
levo OR CTX + azithro.
4027
Internal
Medicine
Genitourinary
stones invisible to X-ray: uric acid, xanthine, or super small calcium stones (<3mm). or maybe
there's a blood clot or tumor!! Uric acid stone -> alkalinize urine w/ k-citrate (Urocit-K), low purine
diet vs. calcium stones -> HCTZ (loops lose calcium) vs. xanthine stone (genetic)-> low purine diet
vs. cysteine (genetic) or struvite (urease infection) stones -> staghorn -> surgery
4037
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
isoniazid -> B6 def -> sideroblastic anemia (microcytic/hypochromic anemia with increased iron,
decreased TIBC)
4040
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
4048
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
4053
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
MORE PROTEIN AND LDH IN PLEURAL FLUID THAN SERUM + ACIDIC PH-> EXUDATE
(INFECTION, MALIGNANCY, INFLAMMATION, PE)
4054
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
4057
Internal
Medicine
ID
4061
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
4068
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
4073
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
effusion with a low pH -> probs an empyema -> put in a chest tube (thoracostomy)
4078
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
positive straight leg test & radiating pain -> HERNIATED DISK
4082
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
Low Calcium? 1. Check albumin-> For every decrease in albumin by 1, calcium falls 0.8. 2. Check
mag (alc-> low mag-> PTH resistance -> low Ca) 3. Check PTH (if low -> hypoparathyroidism vs. if
high -> resistance, vit D def, inflammation)
4083
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
radicular pain + SLT -> herniated disk vs. pain worse with extension + better with shopping cart
flexion -> stpinal stenosis vs. point tenderness after injury + normal neuro + osteooporosis hx ->
vertebral compression fracture
4091
Internal
Medicine
Dermatology
cone acne -> topical retinoids vs. any other type of acne -> 1.topical antibx 2. oral antibx 3. oral
retinoids
4099
Internal
Medicine
4120
Internal
Medicine
ID
recent UTI/infection + FOCAL back pain -> osteomyelitis? -> esr/crp, X-rays -> if X-ray normal, get
MRI then biopsy
4123
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
smoking hx -> cancer -> paraneoplastic syndromes -> MG, Lambert eaten, dermatomyositis
(gottron's papules, heliotrope rash..confirm with muscle bx)
4127
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
chronic angina -> BB. (+/-CCB) vs. acute angina -> nitrates.
4133
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
hepatojugular/abdominaojugular reflux -> rise in jvp w/ compression of abdomen -> means you/re
RV is failing
4139
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
seizure in someone with fever and acting strangely -> HSV-1 encephalitis?!?! -> LP and PCR the
CSF
4147
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
4150
Internal
Medicine
GIT
4161
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
fractured penis -> venous ED (PENIS IS VENOUS) vs. fractured pelvis -> neurogenic ED
4163
Internal
Medicine
ID
endocarditis in IV druggie -> R sided vs. endocarditis in heart mumur hx pt (mitral valve
problem)-> L sided
4206
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
4216
Internal
Medicine
Electrolytes
TRANSFUSIONS during surgery -> citrate binding -> HYPOCALCEMIA -> muscle cramps,
hyperactive DTR.. *hypomagnesemia -> PTH resistance -> mimics hypocalcemia
4228
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
parasympa lets you pee (detrusor contracts, internal sphincter relaxes), so a neurogenic bladder
-> overflow incontinence (high post-void volume, dribbling, poor stream)
4233
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
hotels, cruise ships -> Legionella gram negative rod -> hyponatremia, brady with fever, hepatitis,
confusion, GI problems, pneumonia -> urine antigen testing, macrolide or fluoroquinolone
4236
Internal
Medicine
Electrolytes
4257
Internal
Medicine
ID
4266
Internal
Medicine
Genitourinary
FACE OR ANKLE EDEMA -> LIKE YUJ!!! ..NEPHROTIC SYNDROME? -> HYPERCOAGULABLE
STATE. BEWARE RENAL VEIN THROMBOSIS.
4268
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
4278
Internal
Medicine
Hepatology
normal liver (<12cm) less than a dozen everything reversible (steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, early
fibrosis) ..except cirrhosis! Respect SIR-cirrhosis.
4282
Internal
Medicine
ENT
4282
Internal
Medicine
ENT
pseudo -> cipro, zosyn (pip-taz), AGs, pens CTX (3) none but CefTazidime(3) and cefepime(4) do
4297
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
25% COPD pts -> Cor pulmonale -> edema, hepatomegaly/ascites, exertional sx, distant heart
sounds, increased jvp, tricuspid regurg. *MR, TR, VSD, AS -> all holo-systolic mumur
4303
Internal
Medicine
GIT
Upper GI
4304
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
4307
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
4309
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
sitting for long periods of time -> BONES GET RESORBED!!!!! -> hypercalceima. especially if
young, paget's disease, or chronic renal insuff ****give bisphosphonates and hydrate **albumin =
4, calcium =10; LOW ALBUMIN -> LOW CALCIUM; for every 1 decrease in albumin, -.8 for calcium
4309
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
4 weeks not moving -> clasts absorb bone (don't use it, you lose it). *prevent with H20 and
bisphosphonates.
4316
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
4331
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
4338
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
PLATELETS PAYS THE DINNER BILL 150-400K. *LOW PLATELETS + ANEMIA + INCREASED
BILI -> TTP? -> PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR FOR SCHISTOCYTES
4339
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
fragmented RBCs + low platelets (MAHA), bloody diarrhea, HTN, neuro findings, abdominal pain->
idiopathic TTP-HUS??? -> Plasmapheresis or pt will DIE (monitor plts and LDH)
4339
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
Random MAHA -> idiopathic ttp-hus -> plasmapheresis to take out auto-AB or DiE
4351
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
4370
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
LOWER BACK PAIN: msk- spinal stenosis-shopping cart sign, slipped disk-radiating pain, fracture,
mechanical- strain/spasm/degen. vs. inflamm- worse with rest, gradual, hla-b vs. malig- old,
weight loss vs. infectious-fever, focal, IVDU, recent infection
4371
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
chronic inflammation/stress -> increased platelets (reactive thrombocytosis) to help stick germs to
wbcs
4385
Internal
Medicine
GIT
just fibrinogen, VWF, or F8 deficiency -> Cryo vs. clotting factor def, DIC, or overdose warfarin ->
FFP (ALL clotting facotrs) vs. platelets <50,000 in bleeding pt -> platelets vs. hg<9 in sx pt or hg<7
-> packed RBC
4387
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
4393
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
4396
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
4401
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
Ach -> excitatory in skeletal muscle but inhibitory in heart muscle! so... anticholinergic -> dilated
vessels/flushing but tachy (loss of inhibition!)
4419
Internal
Medicine
Electrolytes
4422
Internal
Medicine
Electrolytes
it's easier to sweep potassium under the rug than get rid of it! (insulin + glucose works in 15
minutes!) fast but transient effect.
4425
Internal
Medicine
Electrolytes
4428
Internal
Medicine
Electrolytes
For paralytic, SUCC SUCKS. ROC ROCKS. Succ-> hyperkalemia, brady, increased IOP. quick
recovery (10min) vs. Roc-> nothing too bad. just slower recovery but reversible.
4440
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
thalassemia -> hemoglobin chain weird but normal # RBCs and normal RDW (range of
size)...unlike iron deficieny
4445
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
2nd heart sounds: ASD -> fixed split. ASD IS FIXED PROBLEM. vs. Right heart prb (PS, RBBB) ->
Wide split. RIGHT IS WIDE. vs. Left heart prb (AS, LBBB) -> Paradoxical split. LEFT IS LOONY.
************ low bp, muffled sounds, distended vv -> Beck's triad -> TAMPONADE ************
tenneSEE -> S3 -> CHF vs. KEN-tucky -> stiff ventricles/ AS/HCM -> S4
4449
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
4450
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
SVT -> try some vagal stuff ( valsalva, carotid sinus massage, ice-water) or adenosine ->
decreaes conduction through AV node; break out of reentry
4459
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
increased pulse pressure -> decreased elasticity b/c you old vs. AV fistula???
4466
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
4469
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
LONE AF PEOPLE (CHADS VASC 0, < 65 YEARS, MALE, AND NO RISK FACTORS)-> NO
WARFARIN OR ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS NEEDED
4470
Internal
Medicine
ID
+ TB test if: >5mm induration for immunosuppressed people. >10mm induration for me. >15mm
for normal people.
4473
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
4474
Internal
Medicine
Genitourinary
4475
Internal
Medicine
ID
pneumo vaccine 13 for those more at risk: kids, elderly, and immunocompromised. vs. pneumo
vaccine 23 for smoking/alc/less than healthy adults (smokers, DM, lung/liver/heart prb). vs.
Sequential 13 + 23 for VERY HIGH RISK/DYING adults.
4477
Internal
Medicine
Preventive
Medicine
4482
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
deep lacunar strokes usually THROMBOTIC (embolism usually proximal; too big to make it
deeper), and may not see on CT b/c so fucking small.
4484
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
4487
Internal
Medicine
Poisoning
anticholinergic effects + seizures + long QRS -> TCA OD -> Bicarb to treat hypotension
4487
Internal
Medicine
Poisoning
4489
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
4490
Internal
Medicine
Genitourinary
4513
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
brain abscess from sinus infection -> STREP viridans or anaerobes/bacteroides vs. abscess from
surgery/trauma -> STAPH
4514
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
DKA-> osmotic diuresis causes K+ loss, but redistribution from acidemia creates appearance of
hyperkalemia.
4516
Internal
Medicine
Ophthalmology
infection/stress -> increased cortisol/cats -> insulin fucked up -> hyperglycemia -> osmotic
diuresis, ams, blurry vision (nonketotic hyperglycemia in DM2)
4522
Internal
Medicine
Poisoning
4524
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
radiation, TB, virus/idiopathic -> scarred pericardial sac-> CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS, RHF
-> hepatojug reflex, kussmaul's sign (JVP doesn't change with breath), pulsus
paradoxus,pericardial knock (mid-diastolic), pericardial thickening/calcification
4524
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
Kussmaul- Inhaul -> paradox rise in neck veins (where you kiss) 2/2 right heart filling prb
4535
Internal
Medicine
Electrolytes
Increased BUN -> GI BLEED?????????? (blood proteins get broken down to urea)
4536
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
If ABG shows pO2 really high: 1. Slowly decrease FiO2 to non-toxic levels (<60%). 21% is normal
sea level. 2. Increarse PEEP to maintain oxygenation GOAL : ABG pO2> 60
4564
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
short-lived morning stiffness -> OA vs. lingering morning stiffness -> inflammatory
4566
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
coughing up a little blood with no fever/concern for pneumonia -> probably ACUTE BRONCHITIS
2/2 virus, NBD. been there, done that. yellowish sputum can be from epithelial sloughing too, not
neccessarily an infection.
4568
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
untreated pneumonia -> pus in pleural cavity (EMPYEMA) -> drainage and antibx
4572
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
morning stiffness >1hr + systemic symptoms ->RA-> inflammation + RA treatment (steroids) ->
osteoporosis -> give bisphosphonates to kill osteoclasts!
4575
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
4585
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
4586
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
knee pain with crepitus, coolness, calm mornings (resolves within 30 min) and can be
monoarticular-> OA and not something inflammatory
4593
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
COPD, diseases of lung -> pulm HTN -> right heart failure -> hepatic congestion + peripheral
edema
4611
Internal
Medicine
ID
4616
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
4620
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
early gait problems -> hydrocephalus vs. late gait problems -> alzheimer's
4627
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
elevated alk phos but normal everything else -> PAGET disease of bone.
4631
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
any one of lights criteria met -> EXUDATIVE effusion -> pneumonia? cancer? inflammation?
4639
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
erectile dysfunction + skin problems + joint problems + liver problems + DM + dilated CM->
hemochromatosis!!
4651
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
4671
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
ABO mismatch -> within ONE HOUR: DIC, renal failure, fever (acute hemolytic transfusion rxn)
4679
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
S3 in older people-> too much blood or filling too rapidly with blood -> heart failure, restritive
cardiomyopathy vs. S4 in younger people -> stiff ventricles, acute MI
4686
Internal
Medicine
Biostatistics
cohort-pick group based on RISK FACTOR. estimate incidence (# new cases of disease), allows
calculation of Relative RISK.
4700
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
4700
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
4703
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
temp over 105 and AMS (w/ tachy, coagulopathic bleeding, renal failure, ARDS..) in workers in
humid weather -> EXERTIONAL heat stroke.
4707
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
HTN -> elevated LV diastolic pressure -> LA dilates-> AFib. anemia, hyperthroidism, beriberi,
paget's, av fistulas -> ventricles work harder but can't compensate -> high-output heart failure.
4714
Internal
Medicine
ID
4718
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
O2 saturation goal in COPD exacerbation -> 90-94% !!!!! (if higher, risk hypercapnia/Co2 narcosis
from V/Q mismatch)
4725
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
(No pulse????) PEA or Asystole -> ACLS (CPR/2min, IV acess + pressors/4min!!!!) vs. Vfib or VT
with no pulse -> defibrillate vs. unstable Afib w/ RVR or symptomatic VT-> cardiovert
4742
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
ASA or BB -> bronchoconstriction. *I'm depressed when I'm ischemic!! (ST depression ->
ANGINA/ischemia) * acute dyspnea-> arrhythmia, broncoconstriction, CHF/hypervolemia,
infection, aspiration, pleural effusion, PE, anxiety
4753
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
4771
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
INCREASED PRESSURE IN PERICARDIAC SAC ( tamponade, copd, severe asthma) -> pulsus
paradoxus: deep breath-> more Q to RH-> less to LH -> exaggerated systolic bp drop.
4859
Internal
Medicine
Hem&Onc
clot -> trx w/ heparin -> HIT 2?!?!?!? -> more clots!!!. how ironic.
4866
Internal
Medicine
Electrolytes
metabolic alkalosis: -saline responsive/vomiting or volume depletion (retaining chloride) vs. -saline
resistant/mineracorticoid problem (peeing lots of chloride out)
4902
Internal
Medicine
ENT
rinne: + if you can feel ringing on mastoid but can 't hear it when next to ear. * confirm with weber.
fork in forehead-> noise louder in ear with conductive prb/wax
4920
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
Skinny QRS -> SVT -> vagal manuevers/ IV adenoSine vs. Wide QRS -> VTach -> amiodaTone,
lidocaine
8823
Internal
Medicine
Psychiatry
no circadian rhythm -> shift work sleep disorder (my life) vs. takes forever to fall asleep. night owl
schedule-> delayed sleep phase syndrome -> light/behavioral therapy
8876
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
Calcium should be 8-10. Low calcium -> 1. Check mag. 2. Check PTH.
8901
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
GI disease-> vit D def -> hypo-calcemia and hypo-phos -> increased PTH
8905
Internal
Medicine
Respiratory
fev1 decreases in both obstructive and restrictive lung disease, but fev1/fvc < 70% -> Obstructive
8926
Internal
Medicine
Ophthalmology
fixed, dilated pupil + hazy cornea -> acute angle-closure glaucoma vs. inflammed iris -> anterior
uveitis
8933
Internal
Medicine
Rheumatology
10146
Internal
Medicine
Poisoning
10287
Internal
Medicine
Electrolytes
10301
Internal
Medicine
ID
SCREENING for HIV -> AG and AB combo test for early detection (before ABs made). if + ->
CONFIRM w/ AB differentiation assay... if negative blood tests but you still think person high-risk
-> plasma RNA testing
10767
Internal
Medicine
Cardiology
malignant htn + scleroderma -> scleroderma renal cris ( schistocytes and thrombocytopenia on
smear)
10780
Internal
Medicine
Neurology
10958
Internal
Medicine
Endocrinology
11067
Internal
Medicine
GIT
2344
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
2388
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
no boobs = no estrogen. like i've got no estrogen. don't even need to measure my estrogen levels.
say i've never gotten a period. 1. U/S -> if no uterues, get karyotype & testosterone vs. if uterus,
get FSH (if increased-> peri prb get karyotype vs. if decreased-> central problem get MRI)
2398
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
urethral hypermobilitly (weakened pelvic floor muscles)-> over 30* swab test angle -> stress
incontinence-> kegel then urethropexy
2405
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
2407
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
placenta rips off a little (placenta abruption) -> pain, increased uterine tone, increased freq
2411
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
2412
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
turn try to turn baby until 37th week (3 week notice to self-fix)
2419
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
2523
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
2533
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
placenta previa->> painless bleeding vs. vasa previa->> painless bleeding + fetus deteriorates/dies
2536
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
2563
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
RBC CASTS -> TRUE NEPHRITIS. not just protein loss from HTN/preeclampsia.
2567
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
increased AFP -> NT or abdominal wall defect or multiple gestation (increased levels of
protein/protein spilling out of structural deformity!!!) vs. decreased AFP-> aneuploidies (your actual
baby is fucked up chromosomally).
2568
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
2nd trimester quad screen/ 4 things: Hcg Inhibin AFP Estriol in down syndrome, high HI, low AE
2925
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
Hepatology
PUPPP spares Palms (& soles & face) vs. intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (dx of exclusion)
(itchy palms & soles, worse at night)
3110
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
decreased fetal movements or high risk pregnancy -> NST (fetal heart rate: at least 2 accels of at
least 15 above baseline lasting at least 15 seconds?) -> if not, NOISE stimulation.
3116
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
arrest of labor: >6 cm dilated with ruptured membranes but no change over 4 hours despite good
effort/contractions vs. no change over 6 hours despite weaker/inadequate contractions
3120
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
menorrhagia ddx: -bulky, boggy, globular, tender uterus -> adenomyosis vs. -pain with sex,
infertility -> endometriosis vs. -postmenopausal or obese or nulliparity -> endometrial
hyperplasia/cancer
3269
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
for preterm labor: >34 weeks -> just floor it and deliver vs. 23-33 weeks -> steroids for lungs, mag
sulfate for neuro, +/- tocolytics vs. <23 weeks -> not viable
3273
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
3337
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
3370
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
during ovulatory phase, mucus CLEAR + THIN (stretches to 6 cm), more basic, ferns, vs. any
other time, mucus inhospitable (scant, thick, opaque)
3679
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
3745
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
POSTERIOR vagina wall is where the penis goes (hpv 16,18, scc)
3868
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
puberty before 8 years old -> precocious. advanced bone age. Central (high FSH,LH) vs.
peripheral-gonads/adrenal (low FSH, LH)
3869
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
low amnioic fluid level, nuchal cord, cord proloapse -> cord compression -> variable decels -> if
RECURRENT, improve oxygenation, change mom's position, amnioinfusion
4124
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
Endocrinology
pregnant -> INCREASED total, binding, AND free T3,4 -> negative feedback -> DECREASED TSH
4136
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
4148
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
pregnant women- elevated alk phos. increased renal Q and gfr-> decreased serum BUN,
creatinine
4220
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
Endocrinology
if i didn't get my period for 3 cycles..-> b-hCG for preg, prolactin for brain tumor, TSH for
hypothyroidism, FSH for premature ovarian failure
4221
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
4221
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
Hypothyroid -> increased trh, tsh -> stimulates prolactin -> inhibits gnrh -> amenorrhea with
galactorrhea
4472
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
ID
bacteria in urine in preggers -> not acceptable -> no bactrim, no cipro, nitrofurantoin, augmentin,
or cephalexin OK
4530
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
Preventive
Medicine
All preggers need HIV, syphilis, and hep B screens for baby
4757
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
1st gen cephalosporins: cefazolin = ancef -> (Ancef Only IV) vs. cephalexin = keflex -> Eat keflex
on a kleenex. (oral available)
4758
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
HGSIL on pap smear-> colposcopy to rule out invasive cervical cancer -> if negative, repeat 6 wks
after delivery
4759
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
bHCG should DOUBLE/48 hrs if VIABLE. Slower rate if ectopic or nonviable. transvaginal U/S
1,500-2,000 -> you can see something
4767
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
estrogen-> builds endometrium. withdrawal of progesterone from corpus luteum after ovulation ->
menses. if no ovulation, no progesterone, no real menses, just breakthrough bleeding.
4775
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
<20 weeks -> spontaneous abortion vs >20 weeks -> intrauterine fetal demise -> autopsy to
prevent in future pregnancies
4779
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
new-onset htn (140/90) + proteinuria OR other end-organ damage AFTER 20 WEEKS ->
pre-eclampsia!! risk factors: multiple gestation, nulliparity, DM, being old, CKD, previous SEVERE
if >160/110, decreased plts, creatitine >1.1 or increasing, tarnsaminitis, pulm edema, new neuro sx
4779
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
acute infection -> inhibits plts severe preelampsia -> " vs. chronic inflammation -> increase plts.
4781
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
4782
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
preeclampsia -> arteries spazz out -> increased afterload -> pulmonary edema -> diuretics,
oxygen, fluid restriction
4791
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
Silent Syphilis (ulcer doesn't hurt) vs. chancroid - purulent ulcers with painful lymphadenopathy vs.
herpes -burning/itching then vesicles
4796
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
4802
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
spontaneous abortion (<20wks) with CLOSED CERVIX -> Missed or Threatened. Missed or
Threatened. Missed or Threatened.
8917
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
Yimu may well clear her infection. 50% sexually active women get HPV within 3 years; 50% clear
within 2 years.
8962
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
10441
Obstetrics &
Gynecology
OBGYN
chromosomal screening at 10-12 weeks -> cell-free fetal DNA, then confirm with CVS. vs. at 15-20
weeks -> amniocentesis
2439
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
2445
Pediatrics
Endocrinology
2450
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
lupus dx-> anti-SMITH and dsDNA. Check Ms. Smith's DNA for SLE.
2465
Pediatrics
GIT
bilious vomiting -> NPO, NG decompression, IVF, & XRAY: -if free air or unstable - > SURGERY.
-if dilated loops bowel -> CONTRAST ENEMA to differentiate MECONIUM ILEUS vs.
HIRSCHSPRUNG. -if double bubble -> DUODENAL ATRESIA. -if NG tube misplaced -> UPPER GI
SERIES for malrotation/volvulus.
2468
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
Edward the vampire (Trisomy 18) has a hole in his heart (VSD).
2485
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
2513
Pediatrics
Genitourinary
don't get depressed with your toddler's potty-training -> try desmopressin!!! (risk hyponatremic
seizures though..)
2758
Pediatrics
Dermatology
2867
Pediatrics
Hem&Onc
MOST leukemias in kids are ALL. lymphoblastic (increased immature forms of B and T cells)
which are PAS, TdT+
3192
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
von gierke's: G6P -X> glucose. glycogen accumulates in liver, kidney....hypoglycemic seizures,
doll-face
3196
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
X-linked agammaglobulinemia: most eXtreme (decreased B cells and decreased Ig) vs. Common
variable: B cells fine, all common Ig decreased
3284
Pediatrics
Hem&Onc
3284
Pediatrics
Hem&Onc
leukEMIA??? -> blood + BONE MARROW BIOPSY (>25% blasts) -> lymph node bx if bone
marrow negative or if worried about lymphOMA.
3289
Pediatrics
Respiratory
inspiratory stridor + dysphagia + drooling + tripoding + high fever + thumbprint sign on x-ray ->
epliglottis from Hib or other bacteria -> trach them vs. inspiratory stridor + barky cough + steeple
sign of x-ray-> croup -> nebulized epinephrine
3404
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
insidious hip pain in 6 yr old boy -> Legg calve perthes vs. 13 yr old boy-> scfe
3442
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
3459
Pediatrics
Respiratory
3543
Pediatrics
Cardiology
turner syndrome girls have grade-A problems (bicuspid Aortic valve, coarct of Aorta, Aortic root
dilatation)
3546
Pediatrics
Cardiology
standing (blood to LE), valsalva (blood to pelvis)-> decreased VR -> everything less except MVP
and HCM (decreased heart mumur -> INNOCENT/PHYSIOLOGICAL MUMUR :) vs. leg
raise/squats (exercise)-> blood to heart -> increased preload -> everything stronger except MVP,
HCM
3550
Pediatrics
Neurology
3554
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
scrotal/abdominal pain + palpable purpura + joint pain + kidney prbs after URI =
VASCULITIS?????? SAY IgA-mediated HENOCH-SCHONLEIN PURPURA ?!?!?! -> supportive,
steroids
3577
Pediatrics
ID
septic arthritis -> tap joint, then give IV VANC -> then adjust antibiotics
3640
Pediatrics
ID
sickle cell??-> you basically don't have a spleen -> PCN until at least age 5
3658
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
most common cancer in kid: LEUKEMIA (ALL) vs. most common SOLID cancer in kid: BRAIN
TUMOR (astrocytoma-benign so not gbm, infratentorial)
3669
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
3688
Pediatrics
Genitourinary
babies with AN UTI -? U/S vs. babies wtih RECURRENT UTIs -> voiding cystourethrogram
3713
Pediatrics
Hem&Onc
acute infection-> inhibits/decreases plt production vs. chronic inflammation-> increased plts
3755
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
nontender blue patches in ethnic baby -> mongolian spot (congenital dermal melanocytosis)
3758
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
chlaymida in your baby's eye -> ORAL erythromycin (to get it out of their throat too) vs.
gonorrehea in your baby's eye -> IV or IM CTX
3867
Pediatrics
Endocrinology
secondary sex characteristics are different!! adrenals make androgen-> (hair and body odor, incr
DHEA> test) vs. ovaries make estrogen-> (big boobs)
3875
Pediatrics
Endocrinology
advanced bone age? -> someting is FUCKED up => check LH -> if High, central prb, if low
(inhibited), peri prb.
3875
Pediatrics
Endocrinology
if bone age is advanced -> there is a peri or central PROBLEM. not idiopathic. look at LH-> if high
central prb, if low (even with GnRH stimulaion) peri prb.
3924
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
3924
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
3926
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
-fat in stool -> pancreatic enzyme deficiency -> CYSTIC FIBROSIS??? -not growing +recurrent
URIs -> CYSTIC FIBROSIS????
3991
Pediatrics
Cardiology
Left axis deviation in newborn -> tricuspid valve atresia (wimpy right heart)
4038
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
high fever and acute onset bone pain -> osteomyelitis! vs. gradual pain with no fever -> avascular
necrosis!!
4064
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
4183
Pediatrics
GIT
thickened (ion channel dysfx) meconium obstructing ileum -> meconium ileus -> CF? vs. normal
meconium obstructing colon -> hirschsprung disease -> DOWN SYNDROME?
4260
Pediatrics
Cardiology
most common cyanotic heart prb in newborns-> TRANSPOSITION (single S2) -> PGE
4271
Pediatrics
Neurology
4290
Pediatrics
GIT
gastroschisis- naked bowel. usually isolated defect plastic wrap that shit and surgery immediately.
4302
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
4317
Pediatrics
ID
4823
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
obj permanence at 6 months. ...which leads to -> sep anxiety around 1 year
4845
Pediatrics
ID
ptosis-> heavy lids (horner's syndrome, mg) vs. prOPTosis/EX-ophtalmos -> eye bulging OUT
(graves, cellulitis)
4847
Pediatrics
Hem&Onc
8772
Pediatrics
Hem&Onc
2482
Psychiatry
Psychiatry
2508
Psychiatry
Psychiatry
brief psychotic disorder (1 day-1 month) schizophreniform (1-6 months) schizophrenia (>6 months)
2510
Psychiatry
Psychiatry
MANIC episodes w/ or w/out depressive episode -> bipolar 1 vs. hypomanic episodes (not
hospitalized, not impairing fx, no psychosis) + depressive episode -> bipolar 2 vs. hypomanic +
depressive symptoms for at least 2 years -> cyclothymic disorder
2518
Psychiatry
Psychiatry
EPS -> usually from typical antipsychotics + risperidone. can change to clozapine but last resort
due to agranulocytosis risk
2521
Psychiatry
Psychiatry
illness anxiety disorder/hypochondriac = fear of getting disease but NO SX vs. somatic symptom
disorder = anxiety w/ physical SX > 6 months
3147
Psychiatry
Psychiatry
3147
Psychiatry
Psychiatry
3185
Psychiatry
Psychiatry
3375
Psychiatry
Psychiatry
3470
Psychiatry
Psychiatry
3792
Psychiatry
Psychiatry
4815
Psychiatry
Psychiatry
2340
Surgery
Surgery
RBC scan less invasive than angiography. if colonoscopy neg for LGIB-> do RBC scan next.
2476
Surgery
GIT
hernia-covered with skin vs. omphalocele- covered with peritoneum vs. gastroschisis-butt naked
3182
Surgery
Surgery
3221
Surgery
Surgery
Blunt vs. penetrating trauma. If penetrating -> almost always exploratory lap
3223
Surgery
Surgery
CO. Colorless. Odorless. Cherry O lips. elevated carboxyhemoglobin level. pulse ox lies. give
100% O2.
3325
Surgery
Surgery
clean wound but uncertain vaccine status-> just give vaccine. dirty/severe wound -> give vaccine
unless recent booster (5 years)
3435
Surgery
Surgery
crohn's disease: lose calcium bound to fat and can't absorb bile salts -> increased oxalate levels
-> stones!
3572
Surgery
Surgery
lateral injury ("abduction injury")-> tear MCL -> dx valgus stress test vs. LCL doesn't really happen
(medial force to knee??) vs. hyperextension/torsional injury-> ACL vs. dashboard injury-> PCL.
*popping doesn't tell you anything. everything pops.
4293
Surgery
Surgery
femoral nerve
4364
Surgery
GIT
4501
Surgery
Surgery
back/flank pain after cardiac cath -> retroperitoneal hematoma!! -> dx non-con abd CT; trx
supportive, prx don't lift heavy things after cath, and radial arter approach better
4527
Surgery
Cardiology
large left sided hemothorax after blunt trauma -> AORTIC INJURY (contained or else you'd be
dead already)
4527
Surgery
Cardiology
left-sided hemothorax -> AORTIC INJURY. vs. pneumothorax that does not resolve with chest
tube placement -> BRONCHIAL RUPTURE. vs. esophageal rupture-> don't really get with trauma.
4538
Surgery
Respiratory
4541
Surgery
Cardiology
4552
Surgery
Neurology
Epidural hematoma -> uncal herniation -> ipsilateral oculomotor and contralateral cerebral
peduncle
4554
Surgery
Surgery
Meniscal tears minimal sx: gradual swelling b/c indirecty perfused, Mcmurray's sign (snap with
terminal extension) vs. lightning ligamentous tears: rapid swelling from blood in joint
4698
Surgery
Neurology
syrinomyelia kind of like central cord syndrome (UE motor and sensory deficits)