1.

Ren hp nht (Unified Thread UN)

1.1 Gii thiu
Ren Unified Thread ra i sau chin tranh th gii ln th hai nhm mc ch tiu chun ha v tng
cng kh nng lp ln i vi mi ghp ren ca ba nc M, Canada v Anh cng nh khc phc mt
s hn ch trong phng php gia cng ren.
c tnh hnh hc, kch thc, cp chnh xc, dung sai v k hiu ren Unified Thread c qui nh ln
u tin trong tiu chun ANSI/ASME B1.1:1949 ban hnh nm 1949. Sau nhiu ln sa i, b sung
phin bn mi nht ca tiu chun ny l ANSI/ASME B1.1:2003.

Hnh 1. Profile c bn ca ren Unified Thread

1.2 Cc dng ren ca Unified thread
Unified Coarse Thread UNC
UNC l loi ren bc th c dng rng ri nht cho cc mi ghp c bn ko thp v yu cu tho
lp nhanh trn cc loi vt liu c bn thp nh gang, thp t carbon, ng, nhm.
Unified Fine Thread UNF
UNF l loi ren bc mn, c dng cho nhng mi ghp yu cu bn cao hoc nhng mi ghp c
thnh mng v khong lp ghp ngn. Ngoi ra, nh gc nng ren nh, ren UNF cn c trong nhng
trng hp cn s vi chnh chiu di lm vic ca ren.
Unified Extra Fine Thread UNEF
UNEF l loi ren bc cc mn, c dng khi chiu dy mi ghp nh hn chiu dy mi ghp bng ren
UNF.
Ngoi ra, gim ng sut tp trung, y ca ba loi ren ny c bo trn v cho ra i dng ren UNR
vi k hiu tng ng l UNRC/UNRF/UNREF. Bulong ca ba loi ren ny vn dng ai c UN.
Constant Pitch Series UN Series
Dng ren bc khng i ny c dng khi cc dng ren UNC, UNF v UNEF khng p ng c cc
yu cu k thut khi thit k. N bao gm 8 kiu vi s ren trn 1 inch ln lt l 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 ,28 v
32

Unified special UNS

L s kt hp gia ng knh ren v s ren trn 1 inch ca kiu ren ny khng c trong nhng tiu
chun k trn. Khng nn dng kiu ren ny tr khi c nhng yu cu khc khe v mt k thut trong
thit k.

Bng 1. Phi hp gia ng knh ren v s vng ren trn 1 inch ca ren UN & UNR (trch tiu chun
ASME B1.1-2003)
1.3 Dung sai ren
Tiu chun ANSI/ASME B1.1:2003 phn ra 3 cp dung sai (1, 2, 3) nh gi chnh xc ca ren
v hnh hc, v tr v khe h khi lp ghp. Thm vo ch A ch ren ngoi, ch B ch ren trong

1A, 1B : c khe h lp ln nht, thng dng trong nhng mi trng c nhiu bi bn

2A, 2B : khe h trung bnh v c dng ph bin nht trong cc mi ghp bng bulong v vt

3A, 3B : c kn kht cao nht, dng cho nhng mi ghp chnh xc cao

1.4. K hiu ren Unified thread

Di y gii thch mt s k hiu ren Unified Thread thng gp
3/8 16 UNC 2B LH (21)

3/8 : ng knh danh ngha ca ren l 3/8 inch

16 : c 16 ren trn 1 inch
UNC : ren bc th
2B : ren l c dung sai cp 2
LH : ren tri (ren phi khng cn ghi)
(21) : k hiu lin quan n vic o kim ren theo tiu chun ASME/ANSI 1.3M
34 0.0625P 0.1875L (3 STARTS) UNF SPL-EXT (23)

34 : ng knh danh ngha ca ren l 34 inch

0.0625P : bc ren 0.0625
0.1875L : bc xon 0.1875
(3 STARTS) : ren 3 u mi
UNF : ren bc mn
SPL : ren c bit (special)
EXT : ren ngoi (external)
(23) : k hiu lin quan n vic o kim ren theo tiu chun ASME/ANSI 1.3M
2. Ren tam gic h Met
2.1 Gii thiu
Ren tam gic h Met c dng ph bin Vit Nam v nhiu nc khc trn th gii. c tnh k thut
ca loi ren ny c qui nh trong tiu chun ASME B1.13M-2005 (tng thch vi tiu chun ISO 68
v profile ren v tiu chun ISO 965/1 v dung sai ren).

Hnh 2. Profile c bn ca ren tam gic h Met

Khc bit c bn ca ren h Met v ren UN l ren h Met s dng profile ren c gc nh 60 o v tnh
bc ren bng mm thay v tnh s vng ren trn 1 inch chiu di. Bc ca ren h Met c chia lm
bc th v bc mn trong ren bc th c u tin s dng trong nhng mi ghp thng thng.
Phi hp gia ng knh danh ngha v bc ren ca mt s ren h Met c cho trong bng 2

Bng 2. Phi hp gia ng knh danh ngha v bc ren h Met (trch tiu chun ASME B1.13M2005)
2.2 Dung sai ren
Tiu chun ISO 965-1 qui nh cp chnh xc cho cc yu t hnh hc ca ren nh sau :

ng knh y ren trong : 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

ng knh nh ren ngoi : 4, 6, 8

ng knh trung bnh ren trong : 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

ng knh trung bnh ren ngoi : 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

i vi sai lch c bn :

Ren ngoi : e, f, g, h

Ren trong : G, H

2.3 K hiu ren

Di y gii thch mt s k hiu ren h Met thng gp

M10 x 1 5g6g LH

M10 : ren h met c kch thc danh ngha 10mm

1 : bc ren 1mm (khng cn ghi nu l bc ren th)
5g : dung sai ng knh trung bnh ca ren l 5g
6g : dung sai ng knh nh ren l 6g
LH : hng xon tri (hng xon phi khng cn ghi)
M42 x 4.5 6g 0.63R

M42 : ren h met c ng knh danh ngha 42mm

4.5 : bc ren 4.5mm
6g : dung sai ng knh trung bnh v ng knh nh ren l 6g
0.63R : bn knh bo trn nh nht ti y ren
M16 x L4 P2 4h6h (TWO STARTS)

M16 : ren h met c ng knh danh ngha 16mm

L4 : bc xon 4mm
P2 : bc ren 2mm
TWO STARTS : ren hai u mi
M6 x 1 4G6G EXT

4G6G EXT : nu buc phi son tho bng ch in hoa th thm EXT ch ren ngoi, INT ch
ren trong
MJ6 1 4h6h

MJ : loi ren c bit c dng trong ngnh hng khng

3. Ren thang ACME
Ren thang c dng nhiu trong truyn ng bi n c nhiu u im v bn v d ch to hn so
vi ren vung. Ngy nay trn th gii ph bin ba h thng ren thang l ren thang theo tiu chun ACME
(M), ren thang theo tiu chun ISO 2904-1977 v ren thang theo tiu chun DIN 1

Hnh 3 : Profile c bn ca ren thang ACME

3.1 Phn loi ren thang ACME

General purpose G : dng vi mc ch thng thng. Loi ren ny c ba cp chnh xc l 2G,

3G v 4G trong cp 2G c u tin s dng

Centralizing C : tng t nh loi G nhng c khe h gia ng knh nh ren trong v ren
ngoi nh hn, dng trong trng hp cn hn ch ma sat sn ren v vng thn ren. Loi ren ny c 6
cp chnh xc t 2C n 6C nhng thng khng dng 2 cp 5C v 6C. Tiu chun v 2 loi ren G v C
c trnh by trong ASME/ANSI B1.5-1997

Stub : dng trong nhng trng hp yu cu bc ren th v chiu su ren thp. Cp chnh xc
ca n tng ng vi cp chnh xc 2G, 3G v 4G ca ren loi G. Tiu chun v ren Stub c trnh by
trong ASME/ANSI B1.8-1988

Bng 3 : Phi hp ng knh danh ngha v s ren trn 1 inch ca ren ACME (trch ASME/ANSI B1.51988)
3.2 K hiu ren thang ACME
Di y gii thch mt s k hiu ren thang ACME thng gp
1.750-6-ACME-4C

1.750 : ng knh danh ngha 1.75in

6 : c 6 ren trn 1 inch
ACME : ren thang theo tiu chun ASME
4C : cp chnh xc 4 cho ren loi C
2.875-0.4P-0.8L-ACME-3G

2.875 : ng knh danh ngha 2.875in

0.4P : bc ren 0.4in
0.8L : bc xon 0.8in
ACME : ren thang theo tiu chun ASME
3G : cp chnh xc 3 cho ren loi G
20 Stub ACME-2G M1

: ng knh danh ngha 0.5in

20 : c 20 ren trn 1 inch
Stub ACME : ren thang ACME loi Stub
2G : cp chnh xc theo ren loi G
M1 : kch thc c hiu chnh theo nhm 1
4. Ren thang h Met
4.1 Gii thiu

Hnh 4. So snh profile ca ren thang ACME v ren thang h Met

im khc bit c bn gia ren thang h Met v ren thang ACME l ren thang h Met dng gc sn ren
30o thay v 29o. Do s khc bit khng qu ln nn nhiu ngi nhm tng hai loi ren ny l mt, nht
l trong lc o kim. V d, ren 1-5 ACME c ng knh danh ngha l 25.4mm v bc l 5.08mm rt
d nhm vi ren TR 25 x 5 c ng knh 25mm v bc l 5mm
Ren thang h Met c ng knh t 8mm n 300mm c tiu chun ha trong hai tiu chun : ISO
2904-1977 v DIN 103. Gia hai tiu chun ny c hai im khc bit c bn nh sau :

Tiu chun ISO qui nh nhiu bc ren cho mt ng knh danh ngha trong khi tiu chun DIN
ch qui nh mt bc ren cho mt ng knh danh ngha

Tiu chun ISO p dng khe h nh nhau i vi ng knh nh v ng knh y ren trong
khi tiu chun DIN khe h ca ng knh y ren ln hn t hai n ba ln so vi khe h ca ng
knh nh ren

Bng 4 : Phi hp ng knh danh ngha v bc ren ca 2 tiu chun ren thang h Met
4.2 K hiu
TR 60 x 18 (P9) LH

TR : ren thang
60 : ng knh danh ngha 60mm
P9 : bc ren 9mm
18 : bc xon 18 (ren c 2 u mi)
LH : ren tri (ren phi khng cn ghi)
5. Ren Whitworth
y l loi ren do Sir Joseph Whitworth pht minh vo khong gia th k 19. Trc kia ren Whitworth
c dng ph bin Anh nhng sau khi Anh thng nht vi M v Canada ban hnh tiu chun ren
UN, n hu nh ch cn c dng trong vic ch to nhng linh kin thay th.
c trng c bn ca ren Whitworth l profile ren c bo trn c nh v y ren v dng gc nh ren
55o thay v 60o nh nhng loi ren khc.

Hnh 5 : Profile c bn ca ren Whitworth

6. Ren ng ca Anh
Ren ng ca Anh (British Standard Pipe BSP) tr thnh tiu chun chung v c s dng rng ri
trn ton th gii (ngoi tr M dng ren NPT).
6.1 Phn loi
Ren BSP s dng profile ren Whitworth (gc nh 55o) v c chia thnh hai loi theo ng knh ren

Ren ng thng (British Standard Pipe Parallel BSPP) c ng knh ren khng i c k hiu
bng ch G

Ren ng cn (British Standard Pipe Taper Thread BSPT) c ng knh tng hoc gim trn
chiu di ren c k hiu bng ch R

Nu phn loi theo phng php lp ghp, ren BSP c ch to theo hai tiu chun hon ton khc
nhau

Tiu chun ISO 7-1 : s ghp kn c to ra gia 2 b mt kim loi, c th kt hp hai b mt ren
cn (dng cho ng chu p sut cao) hoc b mt ren cn bn ngoi v b mt ren thng bn trong (dng
cho ng chu p trung bnh). Trong tiu chun ny, dy ren R c k hiu nh sau :

R : ren ngoi cn
Rs : ren ngoi song song dng c bit
Rc : ren trong cn
Rp : ren trong song song

Tiu chun 228-1 : s ghp kn c to thnh thng qua mt lp m kn. Trong tiu chun ny,
dy ren G c k hiu nh sau
G : ren trong song song
GA : ren ngoi song song c chnh xc cao
GB : ren ngoi song song dng trong mc ch thng thng

Hnh 6 : Profile c bn ca ren BSP

Lu : ng knh ren ghi trong k hiu khng phi l ng knh thc m l ng knh qui c dng
trong thng mi. ng knh thc ca ren tng ng vi ng knh dng trong thng mi c cho
trong bng

Bng 5 : Kch thc mt s loi ren BSP

6.2 K hiu
Ren BSP c k hiu nh sau :
Pipe thread ISO 228 G 2 A LH

Pipe thread : ren ng

ISO 228 : tiu chun ren
G : ren BSPP
2 : ng knh ren
A :ren ngoi song song c chnh xc cao
LH : ren tri (nu ren phi khng cn ghi)
7. Ren ng ng ca M
7.1 Phn loi
M s dng ren ng theo h thng tiu chun American National Standard Pipe Threads, c khc bit c
bn vi ren ng BSP ca Anh l n s dng profile c gc nh 60o. Ren ng ca M c chia lm hai
loi chnh theo ng knh ren

National Pipe Taper NPT : ren cn c ng knh tng hoc gim trn chiu di ren

National Pipe Straight NPS : ren thng c ng knh ren khng i trn chiu di ren

T hai loi ren ny ngi ta cn c th ha thnh nhng loi ren khc ty theo mc ch s dng nh ren
NPTR dng trong ngnh ng st, NPSC dng kt ni ng chu p sut thp Chi tit v nhng loi
ren ny c th tham kho thm trong s tay Machinerys Handbook, 28th Edition

Bng 6 : Kch thc mt s loi ren NPT

7.2 K hiu
Loi ren ny c k hiu nh sau :
3/8 18 NPT

3/8 : ng knh danh ngha ca ren

18 : c 18 ren trn chiu di 1 inch

NPT : ren National Pipe Taper theo tiu chun ANSI/ASME B1.20.1-1983

18 27 NPTF 1

1/8 : ng knh danh ngha ca ren

27 : c 27 ren trn chiu di 1 inch
NPTF : ren Dryseal USA (American) Standard Taper Pipe Thread theo tiu chun ANSI B1.20.31976

1 : cp chnh xc 1