Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AISC
Manual of Steel Construction, 3rd Edition
Seismic Provisions (2002, 2005)
Astaneh, 1998
Whitmore (1952)
Whitmores Section
Whitmore, 1952
Whitmores Section
Astaneh, 1998
Whitmore (1952)
= Mc I
= VQ It
Monotonic
No frame action
Cheng et al.
51 configurations
Frame action
Williams, 1986
Forell / Elsesser Engineers
Williams, 1986
Forell / Elsesser Engineers
Williams, 1986
Forell / Elsesser Engineers
Williams, 1986
Forell / Elsesser Engineers
Test 1
Test 2
Astaneh, 1998
Forell / Elsesser Engineers
Astaneh, 1998
Astaneh, 1998
Astaneh, 1986
Forell / Elsesser Engineers
Astaneh, 1998
Astaneh, 1998
Astaneh, 1991
Forell / Elsesser Engineers
Py = AgwFy
Astaneh suggests:
Pn (1.1R yP y )
Pn = A nwFu
Forell / Elsesser Engineers
Astaneh, 1998
Astaneh, 1998
c 1.5
.877
Fcr = 2 Fy
c
c > 1.5
c2
L=
Average of l1, l2, l3
Longest one-inch wide strip
Longest of l1, l2, l3
Consistently conservative
Consistently conservative
Astaneh, 1998
Astaneh, 1991
Forell / Elsesser Engineers
Edge Stiffeners
AASHTO (1997)
This has been around for years for steel bridge trusses
L fg
t
< 2.0 E
Fy
Brown (1988)
L fg
t
< 0.83 E
Fy
Edge Stiffeners
Astaneh 1998
L fg
t
< 0.75 E
Fy
Forell / Elsesser Engineers
Edge Stiffeners
Astaneh, 1998
Forell / Elsesser Engineers
Astaneh, 1998
Forell / Elsesser Engineers
Thornton, 1991
Thornton, 1991
Ricker Model
Thornton, 1991
Thornton, 1991
Thornton, 1991
Thornton UFM
Richard Method
Comprehensive
Offers approximate value to capture frame action
effects and a way to incorporate into design
(N / NY )
+ M / MP + (V / VY )4 1.0
e = + x y + 3 xy
2
x
2
y
FEA showed ratio max / ave fastener force and the ratio
min / ave fastener force
Frame Action
Frame Action
Frame Action
Research Recommendations
Research Recommendations
Research Recommendations