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BILL OF QUANTITIES
Faculty Of Engineering
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
BILL OF QUANTITIES
What Is BQ
BQ? Preparation
BQ Format,
BQ in
Description,
Engineering
Content
Traditional Method (Building Works)
Sequential
Tender Exercise
What Is A Tender ?
Quantity Quality
Taking Off
Taking off is a process of transferring the dimension scaled or
read from the drawings to a specially ruled paper called the
dimension paper.
Squaring
Squaring is a process of getting the total quantity whether in
number, length, area or volume for each set of measurement in
the dimension paper.
4 Stages Of BQ Preparation (Traditional)
Abstracting
Abstracting is a process of transferring the squared dimensions
to the abstract where they are written in a recognised order
under the appropriate work section headings and subsequently
totaled and converted to the required units or billing as stated in
the Standard Method of Measurement.
Billing
Billing is a process of re-writing all the items including their
quantities taken from the abstract for the whole project, into the
billing papers in a recognised format of a Bill of Quantities.
BQ Preparation - Development
Process is very
Taking Off Abstracting lengthy and tedious
Squaring
Working Up
“Bill direct” i.e. by transferring the items directly from the dimension
sheet to the bill, eliminating the need for an abstract.
Further methods: “cut and shuffle” and computers systems were developed.
BQ Preparation - Development
Measurement of quantities
BILL OF
DRAWINGS DIMENSION BILLING
QUANTITIES
PAPER PAPER
(BQ)
Annotated Bills
Activity Bills
BQ Format
Elemental Bills
Widely used in Malaysia in private consultancy firm and
government departments.
Trade Bills
Works measured in trade formats not popular as
subsequent preparation of bills of quantities is difficult if the
format is not in trade formats.
Preliminaries
Explains type and scope of works, client’s needs, temporary site
facilities and other items affecting the implementation of the works.
IItems involved need not be measured but need to be described in
details and the contractor will have to price the items that will affect
the cost of the works in a lump sum figure. Items in this section will
not be incorporated into the works but are essential for the
completion of the works.
Specifications
Describe the quality of materials and workmanship of the works,
usually not practical to be presented in the drawings; including other
information necessary for the contractor to price the BQ.
BQ Content
Measured Quantities
Measured quantities are produced from the measurement of all the
works measurable based on the approved Standard Method of
Measurement document. These quantities shall be measured as
accurately as possible so that no parties will make a loss during the
implementation of works.
Provisional Quantities
Provisional quantities are produced similarly as above but it is for
works which cannot be accurately measured at the time of
preparation of bill of quantities. This situation happens due to
incomplete information of work or in cases whereby the extent of
work cannot be fully determined until the work is completed. Such
work will be subjected to remeasurement after the works has been
carried out.
BQ Content
Prime Cost Sum
Prime cost sum is included for work or services to be executed by a
nominated sub-contractor, a government or a statutory authority or
for material or goods to be supplied by a nominated supplier. Such
sum excludes the profit and attendance of the main contractor, of
which provision are made in the document for such inclusion by the
contractor.
Provisional Sum
Provisional sum is included for work or for costs that cannot be
entirely defined or detailed at the time the bill of quantities are
prepared.
Contingency Sum
Contingency sum is a sum allocated for any unforeseen work that
cannot be determined at the time of bill of quantities preparation. It
will be a saving to the client if such contingency sum is not expended
due to no unforeseen work.
BQ In Engineering
Standard Method Of Measurement
(SMM)
Non-specific SMM 2
reference CESMM
Uniform basis,
Ad-hoc, random standardise references,
uncontrolled practices embodies good practices
Unnecessary disputes
Efficient
Loss of productivity
Competitive
Delays
Productive
BQ In Engineering
Rare for a civil engineering project to be
fully designed and detailed during the pre-
tender stage due to its nature.
Codifications
Work Classifications