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Green Life Charge

KOTA KINABALU

GREEN LIFE CHARGE

NAME
EIWAN AZRUL HAMIRUN
MUHAMMAD HAZWAN MUKSIN
KARNOH SAIM

NUMBER ID
07DEP12F2021
07DEP12F2017
07QEP13F2001

DIPLOMA ELECTRONIC (COMUNICATION)

DISEMBER 2014

Chapter 1. . . . .

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INTRODUCTION

1.1

Background Project
charge battery such as power bank is useful for smartfone
now a days. This is because only with small capacity battery sure
not enough. The use of power bank is to charge the battery without
current and easily to bring everywhere. But the disadvantage is the
power bank need to be recharge with electric energy . So we decide
to make charge that no need to recharge with electrical energy
anymore. The name of the project that we make is a green life
energy.
About the green Life Charge, this project is a generate the
small amount electricity for a smartphone, to replacement the power
bank technology, the Green Life charge is very useful and very
charm, low cost, also no need to payment, because the devices can
be generate the electricity it self by using magnetic field, so you can
save you money for the electricity.

Problem statement

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Based on the problem, we see that many charge is usefull but

it has limit as example is power bank that need to recharge after has
been use. how ever power bank that have problem, the problem is
wasting our to recharge, so base on the problem, people so lazy to
use the power bank, take many time to waiting. So from the
problem statement, we create one devices the name is Green Life
Charge to change power bank technology.

Objective
The objective is to make people easier charging their on
smartphone without using power source from the battery and
electricity. Beside that, it is portable and we no need to worry about
the power source. However it is also no limit energy. You can
generate how much you want, because the devices that have
unlimited power.

Scopes of Study
The scope of this project are understanding the overview
concept of hydro power, because our project design just a like a
hydro power source, by understanding it operation and knowledge,
we can create the mini hydro power for an smartphone, this project
using the CPU fan for generate the power, magnet use for spining
the cpu fan, also circuit board and USB female port.

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Chapter 2. . . . .
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1

INTRODUCTION
A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the
critical points of current knowledge and or methodological
approaches on a particular topic. Literature reviews are secondary
sources, and as such, do not report any new or original experimental
work.
Most often associated with academic-oriented literature, such
as theses, a literature review usually precedes a research proposal
and results section. Its ultimate goal is to bring the reader up to date
with current literature on a topic and forms the basis for another
goal, such as future research that may be needed in the area. A wellstructured literature review is characterized by a logical flow of
ideas; current and relevant references with consistent, appropriate
referencing style; proper use of terminology and an unbiased and
comprehensive view of the previous research on the topic.

The report that we want to be produced needed a few factor

that should be taken consideration until that project implemented.
To get a quality project result, we need to study about the type of
material, design , components that we used, framework installation ,

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installation method and maintenance ,level of product safety,

structural strength, project size and so on that we need make it and
consider the result that we get. This is all ensure that no any
problems would arise during the completion or even when
presenting the project.

Hence, systematic and detailed planning must be arranged for

produce a complete and perfect project. First step that we need
made it, was design daub (sketching) for get the real image of
machine that we want to be produced. Due to this, the work design
and study that we made is a continuing process and it involving
problem solving activity creatively namely which is known as
literature study.

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2.2 CPU fan

A computer fan is any fan inside, or attached to, a computer
case used for active cooling, and may refer to fans that draw cooler air
into the case from the outside, expel warm air from inside, or move air
across a heat sink to cool a particular component.
2.2.1 CPU fan feture
12V
37mA
0.45W

Figure 2.2.2 Cpu fan

2.3Diode

In electronics a diode is a two-terminal electronic component

which conducts electric current asymmetrically or unidirectional;
that is, it conducts current more easily in one direction than in the

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opposite direction. The term usually refers to a semiconductor

diode, the most common type today, which is a crystal of
semiconductor connected to two electrical terminals, a P-N
junction. A vacuum tube diode, which was the first type of diode
invented but is now little used, is a vacuum tube with two
electrodes; a plate and a cathode.
The most common function of a diode is to allow an electric current
in one direction (called the forward direction) while blocking
current in the opposite direction (the reverse direction). Thus, the
diode can be thought of as an electronic version of a check valve.
This unidirectional behavior is called rectification, and is used to
convert alternating current to direct current, and remove modulation
from radio signals in radio receivers.

Figure 2.7: Diode

Figure 2.8: Diode Symbols

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2.5

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Transistor
A transistor is a semiconductor device used
to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is
composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals
for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to
one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current through
another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can
be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor
canamplify a signal. Today, some transistors are packaged
individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated
circuits.

Figure 2.4.1 symbol of transistor

Figure 2.4.2 transistor

2.5

USB female port

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Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard developed in the

mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors andcommunications
protocols used in a bus for connection, communication, and power supply
between computers and electronic devices.

Figure 2.5.1 usb female port

2.6 Capacitor
A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is
a passive two-terminal electrical component used to
store energy electrostaticallyin an electric field. The forms of
practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least
two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric. The
conductors can be thin films, foils or sintered beads of metal or
conductive electrolyte, etc. The nonconducting dielectric acts to
increase the capacitor's charge capacity. A dielectric can be glass,
ceramic, plastic film, air, vacuum, paper, mica, oxide layer etc.
Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many

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common electrical devices. Unlike aresistor, an ideal capacitor does

not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form
of an electrostatic field between its plates.

Figure 2.6.1 symbol of capacitor

Figure 2.6.2 Capacitor

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CHAPTER 3. . . . .
METHODOLOGY

3.1

Introduction

Methodology can be the analysis of the principles of methods,

rules, and

postulates employed by a discipline, the systematic study of

methods that are, can be, or have been applied within a discipline or a
particular

procedure or set of procedures.

Methodology includes a philosophically coherent collection of

theories, concepts or ideas as they relate to a particular discipline or field
of inquiry. Methodology refers to more than a simple set of methods,
rather it refers to the rationale and the philosophical assumptions that
underlie a particular study relative to the scientific method. This is why
scholarly literature often includes a section on the methodology of the
researchers.
Each step of project is a process to complete the project. Every step must
be followed one by one and must be done carefully. If some error occurs it
can make
a project probably could not operate or do not look neat and perfect.
Before the project finish, various process needs to be done according to
proper procedures to ensure that projects do not have any problems.
Among the measures the work done in preparing this project are.

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Process of designing circuit.

Circuit board trace

Soldering process in circuit board.

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3.1.1 Flow Chart Plan Of Project

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3.1.2 Flow Chart 1.0: Plan Of Project

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3.2

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Gantt Chart

WEEK / ACTIVITY

Students Registration
Project Briefing
Submission of Project
Title
Submission of
Proposal
Assistance and
Discussion
Progress The Project
and First Draft of The
Report 50%
Progress The Project,
Second Draft of The
Report and
presentation 75%
Preparation for
presentation
Submission of Final
Report
Presentation

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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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3.3Draw Schematic Diagram of circuit using proteus

PROTEUS V7.5 allows professional engineers to run interactive

simulations of real designs, and to reap the rewards of this approach to
circuit simulation. And then, a range of simulator models for popular
micro-controllers and a set of animated models for related peripheral
devices such as PIC and LCD displays, resistor, and more. It is possible to
simulate complete micro-controller systems and thus to develop the
software for them without access to a physical prototype. In a world
where time to market is becoming more and more important this is a real
advantage. Structurally, Proteus 6 Professional separated into two main
components, which are ISIS 7
Professional and ARES 7 Professional. ISIS 7 Professional mainly
involved on circuit designing and simulation. In our project we use
Proteus to design a schematic diagram.

Figure 3.3.1: interface of Proteus 7.5

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3.3.2 Simulate The Circuit Using Proteus

After completing the circuit assembly and configuration, now its

time to verify whether the source code compiled is virtually
accurate or not. Proteus offer a whole lot of variety virtual devices.
In fact, simulation using oscilloscope and function generator can be
done using Proteus. Even virtual hyperterminal is provided to
demonstrate how your code performs in real world without really
doing the hardware section yet.

Figure 3.2 : Toolbar Of Proteus Simulation

3.4

Process Of The Circuit Designing

3.4.1 Design The Circuit Diagram
After decide what kind of project that we want to build. We need to
make a research about the circuit, electronic component that we
need to used, hardware and so on. These things actually can help us
to make a better in designing circuit. For example, we need to know
the size, foot of component, polarity of the component, the
component method compilation and etc to make a circuit diagram.

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In the first step in Circuit Designing process is make a circuit

diagram that can be use in the next process. Among steps in the
circuit diagram are:-

i.

Before the circuit is produced, the things that we need to be

emphasized are the position of symbols and components used in
the Schematic circuit. Once we know the entire production circuit,
the circuit can be drawn using special software, namely Proteus
ISIS Professional.

ii.

Then, make sure that the connection of the component is

correct.

Figure 3.4.2: circuit Diagram

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3.5

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Etching

Etching is a "subtractive" method used for the production of printed

circuit boards. Acid is used to remove unwanted copper from a
prefabricated laminate. This is done by applying a temporary mask that
protects parts of the laminate from the acid and leaves the desired copper
layer untouched. Etching is where the excess copper is removed to leave
the individual tracks or traces as they are sometimes called. Buckets,
bubble tanks, and spray machines lots of different ways to etch, but most
firms currently use high pressure conveyerised spray equipment. Many
different chemical solutions can be used to etch circuit boards. Ranging
from slow controlled speed etches used for surface preparation to the
faster etches used for etching the tracks. Some are best used in horizontal
spray process equipment while others are best used in tanks.

3.5.1 Risk Of Etching

i. There is a risk of injuries due to the chemicals involved.

ii. The quality of the results depends on several factors which you
won't be able to master completely the first time. This can be
somewhat compensated by using good machinery.
iii. There is the problem of waste disposal. Toxic chemicals require a
proper disposal service.

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3.5.2 Safety

Since the work involves dangerous chemicals and power tools, we

will need to take the necessary safety precautions:

i. Wear safety equipment during the whole process - gloves,

protection glasses, and an apron
ii. Work near an emergency eyewash station, a first aid box and a
phone
iii. Familiarize yourself with the proper use of all equipment and
tools in the lab - if you are unsure of anything, ask a supervisor
of the project.

3.5.3 Etching Process

Etching is the process of using acid to remove coppers that not need
on the PCB (PRITED CIRCUIT BOARD). This acid is Acid Ferric
Chloride III. Acid Ferric Chloride III is used to remove that coppers
The steps of the etching process are:
i. Print the schematic onto transparent paper and cut it with the
same size of PCB board.

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Figure 3.4 Transparent Paper That Have Cut

ii. Stick the schematic diagram on PCB board.

iii. Paste the etching circuit onto transparent paper with UV
Board using expose machine. Its to make PCB paper joined
with board.
iv. This process takes about 30 second.

Figure 3.5. UV Expose Process

v. Dilute the acid with a little hot water and make sure that the
mixture is not too liquid and too concentrated.

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vi. Then, put the board into the mixed (Acid Ferric Chloride III
+ Hot water) to remove the useless copper.

Figure 3.6: Process To Remove Unused Chopper

vii. When PCB was soaked into this mix, we must always shake
the container with the acid so that the unwanted copper will
remove.
viii. After Acid remove unused copper, take the PCB to wash with
clean water.
ix. Then, use sand paper to rub the lines colors. In addition,
detergent powder can also be used to remove the ink. Next,
just leave only the desired circuit PCB only.

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3.6

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Drilling Process

3.6.1 Material and Equipments :

Bench clamp or support

Dot punch or sharp tool

Drilling machine or hand drill

1mm bits

3.6.2 Introduction of Drilling Process

After the etching process finished, the PCB will be punched using
hand drilling machine. Hole is necessary to mount component
(example: resistor, capacitor, inductor, tip 122, crystal, PIC base and
etc). Before drilling, a dot punch is used to mark the hole position.
This serves as a shallow guide for the drill bit to align easily while
drilling. Any other sharp pointed tool can be use to do the marking.
Points/eye drill used must be appropriate to the hole to be punched
between 0.75 to 1.0 mm.

The purpose of this process is to facilitate the installation work on

the circuit components of the PCB. During drilling, do not be
pressed too strong because it may cause eye drill broken up and
dangerous for the people around. Hold the drill steady and drill in
straight slowly. The hole will be drilled with little force applied.

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Insert the Component

Foot of component was inserted into the drilled hole that has been
completed. It is easier if started with the low component first.
Components that are installed must be inspected prior to use multimeter to
find out whether these components are in good condition or not. This
process is quite important because we should insert the component
correctly to avoid from circuit failure. Besides, some components have
their own pole like diode, capacitor and other else. After finished the
inserting process, we check it once again with the schematic to make sure
all the component were at the position or holes.

3.8

Soldering Process
Soldering is defined as "the joining of metals by a fusion of alloys
which have relatively low melting points". In other words, we use a metal
that has a low melting point to adhere the surfaces to be solderedtogether.
Soldering is more like gluing with molten metal than anything else.
Soldering is also a must have skill for all sorts of electrical and electronics
work. It is also a skill that must be taught correctly and developed with
practice.

Steps to Solder :

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Quickly remove the tip of the soldering iron from Heat up the
soldering iron for five to 10 minutes, allowing the iron to reach
maximum operating temperature. If the soldering iron has two
temperature settings selectable with a switch, select lower
temperature when soldering small electronic components to a board
and select the higher temperature when soldering heavier wires.
Apply a small amount of solder to the tip and rotate so the entire tip
becomes lightly covered with a thin layer of solder. This is called
"tinning" the tip.

ii.

Connect the two surfaces to be soldered together so the metal parts

are touching. If soldering wires, simply twist the two wire ends
together so they don't pull apart while being soldered. If soldering
electronic components, simply seat the component wires into the
holes of the circuit board where the component is to be placed.

iii.

Touch the hot tip of the soldering iron to all metal parts touching
together so they are evenly heated. Allow the surface to heat for just
three to five seconds, then touch the tip of the solder to the heated
metal objects, not directly to the tip of the soldering iron. Allow a
small amount of solder to flow onto the metal components or wires
until just enough solder has been applied to cover the entire surface
of the wires or components.

iv.

the soldered surface and wipe the tip of the iron on a wet sponge
immediately to remove solder. Wiping the solder off the tip will
prevent it from burning and forming a black coat on the soldering
iron tip.

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Allow the solder joint to cool for several minutes before applying
power to the wires or the device soldered.

3.9

Circuit Testing

For testing and improvement process, we took almost four weeks to make
it work. In the calendar project activities, we were given four weeks to
settle all the testing and improvement process. The purpose of testing the
electric was to determined and located any of the following conditions :

1) An open circuit
2) A short circuit with another conductor in the same circuit.
3) A ground, which is a short circuit between the conductor and
circuit.
4) Leakage ( a high resistance path across a portion of the circuit,
to another circuit, or to ground ).
5) A cross ( a short circuit or leakage between conductors of
different circuit )

As a first step, we have done the short circuit testing using an analog
multimeter. Before used the multimeter, we set up the multimeter to zero.
To pointer the meter exactly on the zero line, we rotate the adjusting screw,
Then we connect the multimeter probes to the circuit being tested. After
that, we observed the meter needle movement. Luckily the needle does not
move, this means circuit was not short.

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Then we move on the second step, which is testing an open circuit. Open
circuit test, sometimes called no load test, is one of the method in
electrical engineering order to determine a break exists in a complete
conducting pathway. Open circuit can cause by excessive current. Again,
multimeter was used to check
whether the circuits are open or in normal condition. We only gave the
required current to the circuit, so we did not face an open circuit problem.
This mean our circuits were in normal condition.

3.10 Troubleshooting

The most problem like the fault soldering. Check all the soldering joint
suspicious. If you discover the short track or the short soldering joint, resolder at that point and check other the soldering joint. Check the position
of all component on the PCB. See that there are no components missing
or inserted in the wrong places. Make sure that all the polarised
components have been soldered the right way round.

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3.11 Project Designation

3.11.1 Research and Analysis Project

Research is important to ensure the project that is yet to progress

can have a good start so that it would not cost any problem during
the project development. So, the vital information such as the
circuit, the component usage ,the commercial needs and much are
indeed important . It is as the circuit, ensure the can understand
more on how important is the project. The source can be obtained
from lectures, books and also internet.

3.11.2 The Project Reformation

We must read and understand all data that we have. Data and
information have to be compiled and all information we had got had
to be arranged systematically for progress. From time all
information and data must to upgrade for information and follow
the projects progression.

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3.11.3 Session Discussion and Problem Settle

Discussion session were held every week to discuss the project

development. All the problem are discussed so that it can be solved
quickly. Problem that cant be handled were too addressed quickly
to the project supervisor. To make the project difficult everything
that is going to be done must be planned properly (proper planning).
This can ensure the project flow is smooth without any
interruptions.

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REFERENCE. . . . .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor
http://sfprime.net/pcb-etching/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_fan

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Attachment. . . . .

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