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Phylogeny

Classification:
The first edition of Bergeys Manual divided the archaea into five
major groups based on physiological and morphological differences
Methanogenic archaea,
Archaea sulfate reducers,
Extremely halophilic archaea ,
Cell wallless archaea ,

Extremely thermophilic S0 -metabolizers

On the basis of rRNA data archaea are divided into four


Euryarchaeota: physiologically diverse group. Most of them
are extreme acidophiles or exreme halophiles
(7 classes : Methanobacteria, Methanococci, Halobacteria,
Thermoplasmata, Thermococci, Archaeglobi, and Methanopyri)

Crenarchaeota: Mostly hyper thermophilic group


Korarhcaeota: not yet recognized as a separate group,
mostly similar to the primitive archaea
Nanoarchaeota : A parasitic prokaryote usually seen
attached to Ignicoccus a Crenarchaeota

Survival strategies
Extremely Halophilic Archaea: requires more that
1.5 M (about 9%) NaCl for growth
Pump large amounts of K+ from the environment into
the cytoplasm
High content of acidic aminoacids aspartate and
glutamate in the glycoproteins of the cell wall,
Acidic proteins in cytoplasm , ribosomes etc.
Presence of bacteriorhodopsin to synthesis ATP under
anoxic conditions

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