War, Terrible War 1-7 / The Cause Study Guide

The Fugitive Slave Law

o If a slave was to be caught escaping, he was to be returned
to his master. Helping him escape is breaking the law
Fredrick Douglas
o Was and African-American that was a former-slave in a
plantation in Maryland
He escaped with the help of his future wife Anna
Murray
o He is one of the leaders of the abolitionist movement and
was known for his speeches and writing
Harriet Beecher Stowe
o Her dad was a very famous preacher
o She was an abolitionist/teacher/writer
o She is known for writing Uncle Toms Cabin (mentioned
below), a book that was about the life of a slave named
Tom
It was one of the most influential books of all time
and one of the best sellers of all time
Changed peoples views of slavery and made it seem
horrible
Uncle Toms Cabin (1852)
o Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe (mentioned above)
o Was about the life of a slave named Tom
Tried to show that color of skin had nothing to do
with if the person was good or bad and that the
system of slavery was evil
o One of the most influential books of all time
Harriet Moses Tubman
o A former-slave who was stronger and more brilliant than
most men
o Sent to work when she was six
o Almost died multiple times of sickness
Was nursed back to health by her mother and father
o Listened to blacks about freedom and the Underground
Railroad, a way to get to the north
Stations places/stops that were safe to stay in
Passengers people who traveled the route
Conductors people who led the passengers
No one comes back if they escape, but not Harriet
She would escape and come back to rescue
other slaves. Freed more than 300 slaves
o She was not only known for freeing slaves. She also spoke
out for equal rights for women and worked to get schools
for the freed slaves

War, Terrible War 1-7 / The Cause Study Guide

John Brown
o John Brown was a die-hard abolitionist. He and his sons
believed themselves agents of God against slavery
o Led an unsuccessful raid on Harpers Ferry. He was
captured by Robert E. Lee
o He was executed two months later
In his execution crowd was John Wilkes Booth and
Thomas Stonewall Jackson
Secession
o South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia,
Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and
Tennessee
Fort Sumter
o On April 12, 1861, General P.G.T. Beauregard of the
Confederacy lead his attack on Fort Sumter, a Union
garrison
o Although the only casualty was a horse, the Union, led by
Major Robert Anderson, surrendered the next day
o Ironically, Beauregard was Andersons student at West
Point
Stephen A. Douglas
o Ran for senator of Illinois and president of the Union
against Abraham Lincoln both times
Won senator of Illinois, but lost the race for president
Abraham Lincoln/Mary Todd
o Was born on 1809 in Kentucky but moved to Indiana for it
was a free state unlike Kentucky
o Was very strong, intelligent, honest, and loved to play
jokes
Also had a serious side
o Married Mary Todd when he was in Illinois
o When his sister died, he moved to New Salem where he
became a shopkeeper, a postmaster, a scholar, surveyor, a
law student, and a political candidate
o Enlisted in the army, but left because it was too hard
o Studied law and that made him wealthy
o He was highly against slavery
o He ran for Senate against Stephen A. Douglas
Very important man that had many good connections
o Lincoln and Douglas had many debates all over the
country. These were called Lincoln-Douglas debates. Both
men were equal in brilliance, but Douglas won the race for
Senator of Illinois
o Two years later, Lincoln ran for presidency and won (1860)

War, Terrible War 1-7 / The Cause Study Guide

Andrew Johnson
o Was the vice-president of Abraham Lincoln
Jefferson Davis
o Gen. Davis was elected as president of the Southern
Republic on February 18, 1868
Alexander Stevens
o Was the vice-president of Jefferson Davis
Battles
o The Battle of Manassas/The Battle of Bull Run started
on the morning of July 21, 1861
Gen. Irvin McDowell (Union) marches his army into
Manassas. The Rebels start to retreat
Stonewall Jackson (Confederacy) and his
Virginians stayed on a nearby hill waiting for
the right time to attack
Sgt. P.G.T. Beauregard (Confederacy) and
Jackson storm into Manassas and defeat
McDowell
o The Great Skedaddle is a term used for the Unions
disorganized retreat to Washington after they lost at the
Battle of Manassas
Queen Victoria
o Heard what Harriet Tubman was doing and invited her to
England, but Tubman didnt have enough money to fly
there
Popular Sovereignty
o The doctrine that sovereign power is vested in the people
and that
those chosen to govern, as trustees of such power, must ex
ercise it inconformity with the general will
Despotism
o The taking away of freedom, or absolute power over others
Tyranny
o Unjust or cruel use of power
A house divided
o A quote used by Abraham Lincoln to describe the U.S. at
the time
o A nation can not stand if it is half slave and half free
Abolitionists
o People (mainly from the north) who wanted to abolish/end
slavery