Acknowledgement

I want to thank God for all of the blessings in making this book into a
successful one. I cant forget the support that I receive from all of
my friends, family and teacher especially our Social Studies teacher
Mr. Bachrun Lihawa. All of the knowledge he has teaches us will be
optimized in the writing process of this book.

POEMS:
Long live the country
We stand on this land
Because of all those men
Sacrificying for this land
So this country could stand
But do you know the story
Behind all those glory
The hope that led to victory
Was written in history
There still more scenes
After the seventeen
The war that happen between
This land, is not yet clean
What are they trying to do
Coming at us out of the blue
After the story grew
Were theyre promises true?
And now were glory
Then discover from reality
Indonesia is the discovery
Long live the country
By: Ataya

Our land
Our land
They once took it
They once took our precious land
We fought to death, and took it back
Its ours
By: Rey

Unique Country

After that speech from Mr. President

We all knew since that time, we are relevant
Dont you ever dare to act arrogant
Rebuild this country with our intelligent
We live in a unique country
With an incredible history
Where it will be a philosophy
To all of the society
This is a country of freedom
With a democracy system
If we can blame someone, its them
A group of rats pretending to be wisdom
It still feels like a war
We need to find a door
Where we wont be threaten anymore
We dont have the right to ignore
Its about their misleading power we have to fight for
We want this country to be clean
From all of those bad scenes
We cant go back to the seventeen
Making hard work a daily routine
By: Evano

Indonesia history after

independence proclmation
A. Timeline
1945:
18 August
replacement of the 7 words in Jakartas charter
October 14:
The battle between the citizen of Semarang against Japan. It is
over by 18 October because the troops runaway.
October 17:
Dutch land its troops near Bandung. War has continuously
happen after the troops arrive.
1946:
December 10:
The Dutch attack south Sulawesi to eradicate people who rebel
against NIT.
1949:
August 4 :
RI government attend the round table conference
October 29:
The government signed the agreement RI and FOB constitution
of RIS.
December 16:
Soekarno was elected as the president of RIS
December 20:
The election of RIS cabinet
1950:
April 5:
Demonstration for going back to NKRI from the citizen
August 17:
RIS are officially disband and change back to NKRI
1959:
After RIS
13 state area are ready to join with NKRI

B. Historical event analysis

OLD ORDER
Corruption has existed in the history of Indonesia.

Whenever

theres power, there will also be a chance for corruption. When

the old order was around, there are also corruption happening.
BPK is an important role back in the government system in old
order which make it a vulnerable spot for corruption. BPK is the
role of checking and handling the countrys money. As a
precaution, the control over the group was directly held by the
president itself, Soekarno. Because BPK was such an important
role, he himself want to make sure the stability in BPK.
Still the government never really think that corruption was a big
deal. Shown by how the government handle the corruption case.
They merely give warning to the citizen and to the member of
BPK. The government is confident

that the warning will be

enough to countermeasure corruption. The warning itself is

delivered through a speech and mass media.
Corruption has its own laws and regulation, but none of them are
mentioned in the structure of the frame of laws and regulation.
The

constitution

has

mention

about

forming

group

to

exterminate corruption in Indonesia .There are some of groups

that are made by president Soekarno. Some of the group is
Operation budhi, anti corruption committee and others.
Even thought

the regulation of corruption has been mention,

there are still question wandering by the journalist and the

people. What is the punishment for the coruptor?. The details of
the punishment received by the convicted are never mention in
the headlines.

NEW ORDER
The corruption at this period of time is still the same. Although its
slowly increasing. Now the countrys president is soeharto, after
soekarno step down. The university student did a demonstration
that cause soekarno to resigned. In the new order, the president
power is absolute. Because of that the corruption are center in
one spot which is the president spot.

At orde baru soeharto made an anti-corruption group called the

commission 4 (komisi 4). The group grab the medias attention
when it was first introduce. The people also support the group too.
Other group of anti-corruption are also made in the same time but
didnt grab as much attention as commission 4. The other group
such as anti corruption commission or known as (KAK).
Even though group of anti corruption has been made, the law
enforcement of corruption are still not enough. Some cases can
not been further investigate due to the position of the corruptor.
And some are not even investigate, even though is clearly a
misused of power.

REFORMATION
Unlike old order and new order, reformation has more freedom of
speech. The president and the government have no longer have
the absolute power. The power has been spread through out the
system. The people also given more room to say about their
opinion. Which make a big difference in the structure of the
system.

Becaue of that, the government are no longer safe from being

convicted of corruption. They can no longer hide behind their
position in the government. In reformation, the people have the
right to watch over the government for corruption act. The people
can even sue the member if they are guilty of the charges.

In that case, corruption has been taken seriously, judging by the

change of the system. In this period, the convicted of corruption
not only get criminal charges, they also have to find a way to
return the loss of the country they cost. Then on 1999 the
constitution of clean country and free corruption was created.
From all the anti corruption group ever created, KPK was the most
effective one in doing theyre job . KPK also lasted 12 years till
know which prove its effectiveness.

Indonesias Government Structure

a. Government Types
There are 16 government types in this world but, were going to
be explaining only 2 government types. Monarchy, Democracy,
Federation, Communism. The first one is Democracy. Democracy is a
government whose authority is based on the peoples votes. An
example of a country that uses democracy is Indonesia the peoples
votes are based from elections and nominations for officials. Where
Monarchy is a government where the leader is royalty and based on
heredity and the people have no political power.
In monarchy there are 2 types, first there is Monarchy
absolute. The Monarchy absolute is where the head of the state has
the strongest right and can make the decision making and law
making by their authority. The second one is the Monarchy
Constitute, where the head of state does not have anything to do
with the law and decision making, they can only take car their
heredity and they have the authority to help the government. Next
is Federation. Federation is a political government that has a union
of small states that are self- governed which is united by a central
government. An example of a country that uses federation is the
USA. The last one is Communism. a system of government in which
the state plans and controls the economy and a single party holds
power; state controls are imposed with the elimination of private
ownership of property or capital while claiming to make progress

toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by
the people.

b. Indonesias Government Structure

Indonesia has a unique government system, its a mix of
republic, democracy and Pancasila (Pancasila is the basis for the
Indonesian state ideology). Indonesias power lies in the people,
pancasila and the UUD 1945. UUD 1945 is the Constitution of
Indonesia (Indonesian: Undang-Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia
1945, UUD '45) is the basis for the government of Indonesia.

Indonesias Government structure after the amendment

(shintahappyyustiari.lecture.ub.ac.id )
Indonesias government is divided by 3, Legislatif, Executive, and
Yudikatif.

In

Legislative

there

is

the

MPR

leading

(People

Consultative Assembly), and DPR ( people representative council)

and DPD ( Regional Representative Council in the bottom. Then we
have the Executives, which consist of the president him or herself
and the vice president. Finally, Yudikatif, in yudikatif we have MK
(constitutional court),

MA (supreme court)

and KY (Judicial

commission). The leading point of this structure is the UUD 1945.

c. Compare and Contrast

The problem that we chose for this research is corruption in
Indonesia because Indonesia is one of the top countries that has the
most corruption issues. According to our research Denmark is the
top country that has the lowest corruption in their country.

Denmark is a country that has the least corruptors in their country,

and according to research what they do. Denmark is a very
transparent country which means they are very open with their
people and they share updates and information about what the
government is spending on and others. In Denmark they have made
a solution to raise the people who work in the governments salary
so that they dont corrupt the government. This solution has been
proven effective since Denmark is in 1st place for least corrupted
countries.

d. Analysis
By researching we found out that Indonesia does nor have to
change the government type, however Indonesias government
does have to do some minor changes; giving more transparency
towards the people and the people need to be aware of how

corruption can be very dangerous for their lives, and not only the
people but the people working in the government also have to be
aware of corruptions. Doing this will help Indonesia reduce
corruption, have better economy, politics and a better government.
Improving Indonesias government is a good thing because again,
this solution will help Indonesia reduce its well-known problem,
corruption. For many years, corruption had been a problem for many
families in Indonesia until now. Indonesia needs to improve their
government, otherwise our citizens will end up in the streets with no
homes and this will also effect the next generation, our future
leaders.

Lack of Honesty in the Government and Citizen

Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power to private gain. It

can be classified as grand, petty and political, depending on the
amounts of money lost and the sector where it occurs.
In the worst cases, there are costs of corruption. It may cost
people their freedom, health or money. The cost corruption can be
divided into four main categories: political, economics, social and
environmental.
Economically, corruption depletes national wealth. Corrupt
politicians invest scares public resources in projects that will line
their pockets rather than benefit communicates, and priorities high
profile projects such as dams.
Indonesia has a unique, one and only government system
constitution, NKRI. It follows Indonesias national rules regulation,
Pancasila, and a Republic that runs in democracy. In Indonesia, The
president is in charge and responsible for every little problem
Indonesia has.
The Indonesia today is independent. We are free from
invaders, be we are not free from corruptors. Indonesia is still giving
up on corruption. Today, corruption is one of the biggest problems in
Indonesia. It causes a chain reaction to a lot of other problems. Such
as poverty, holding down Indonesias future infrastructure, and
other problems.
Corruption is a big problem, because it causes other problem
as well. Indonesia need to stop giving in to corruption as soon as
possible. A country would be a heaven on earth if it has a really low
rate of corruption. According to transparency.org, Indonesia is
ranked number 107 out of 175 with the score of 32. We can see that
compared to Canada (ranked #10) or Denmark (ranked #1), both
Canada and Denmark are more organized and prosperous than
Indonesia. Indonesia now has the poverty rate of 11.4%, while
Canada only have 9.3% (according to worldbank.org). It shows that
without corruption, a country will be more organized, prosperous
and have fewer problems.

Based on an interview with Ms. Mary Beth, in Canada, all the

citizens can report or complain to Ombudsman office in their region.
People of Canada can feel free to report, they also can report
anonymously. After getting a report, special Ombudsman or
commissioners will be immediately tasked to investigate the case
based on the report. If the report was right, and the suspect was
guilty, they will immediately take the suspects job, and put the
suspect in the prison right away. Suspects may stay in prison for 1015 years. However, the people of Canada have always been strict
about bribes and corruption. Corruption and bribes was always a
huge sin to the people of Canada.
It would be a really good solution for Indonesia. But, in order
for it to work, it needs the honesty and transparency that both the
government

and

citizen

lack.

Without

honesty and transparency, there

would be no trust and chemistry.
Not

only

Canada

that

has

an

Ombudsman, actually, Indonesia also has Ombudsman. Indonesias

Ombudsman just doesnt seem to be working properly compared to
Canadas.

Lack of Transparency in Indonesia

Indonesia is a country with the government system of
democracy. Where the role of the community is bigger in the
decisions that the government will make. In this case, the president
is in charge of every decisions, mistake and problems that Indonesia
will need to face in the future. The presidents are picked through a
process of election by their own community, in this way its fairer
considering the community role in doing politics.
But the biggest problem that we are facing right now is the
matter of the big amount of citizens money being robbed by the
greedy brain of our own politician. The massive problem is
corruption, which have been a trending topic for several years in
Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the countries with the most corruption
case. This problem does not make sense according to Indonesias
government structure, which is democracy. In democracy, the
citizens have a big role in deciding the plans that the country wants
to make. In that reason, they have a fewer chance to do the
corruption inside the system.
A lot of people did corruption, it can be anywhere, anytime
and by anyone. But the one that we really need to worry about is
the massive case throughout the year such as Nazaruddin, Gayus
Tambunan (picture below), Ratu Atut, Melinda Dee, and a lot of other
big cases. The Gayus Tambunan case is a huge one, he stole almost
2 trillion Rupiah and he escaped to another country with a fake
passport while in the period of his time in jail. That move by Gayus
involves a big bribe so he can live free. They robbed more than
trillions rupiah of citizens money. Almost in the entire corruption

problem occurred, it will always involve bribing as the subject

matter and the beginning where it all started. The government
didnt take any serious action to this and still tolerate the law so it
will be on the corrupter side. The

law is

still in a bad position because they

still tolerate the person that is
against it. One of the examples is making a
confirmed 4 years in jail punishment to 2 years
punishment to the corrupter that sounds really
wrong in the ear of the citizens. Its not a good
example of taking care a huge case because
the government still giving a huge relief to the corrupter. It doesnt
make any sense and it will give a massive suspect in the
communitys brain whether a bribing process is involved.
Corruption Index Data:

Bribery in Indonesia is still in high rate compared to other countries

in Asia

The institutions that was involved in a case of corruption

Even though its decreasing through time, corruption is still a huge

problem in Indonesia
We need to solve this problem as soon as possible before it
gets worse. The government needs to increase their citizens trust in
them by being open enough to the community so they will know
that the government didnt hide anything from them. Lack of
transparency has been an underestimated problem which can lead
to another bigger problem in Indonesia especially corruption. If
corruption becomes worse, Indonesia economy will be in a point
where it cant be fix anymore. In the heyday of Indonesia economy,
we have a very strict law and we show better transparency than

today. In that way, the community can be more critical to the

government actions. The government needs to increase their
transparency towards their citizen so people can optimize this
opportunity to be more critical to the government in order to
pressure the government in making the right decision. We also need
to fix the law to become stricter and doesnt tolerate any corruption
problem in the near future so people will be afraid of the law. This
way, corruption will decrease drastically and peoples justice is
returned.
Through the politic side of making this solution, we can
conclude that all the citizen want is to be able to critic directly if
theyre not impressed with the government work. In order to
achieve that, the government needs to be more open to the
community so the people can act more critical towards them. If this
solution happens, the government will be more accurate in making
decisions because of the people pressure. The possibility of having a
stricter law is increased and the corruption case possibility is
decreased. Indonesia will have a better economy balance without
corruptors and people will no longer doubt the performance of the
government towards dealing with the corruptors.