Computer Science Project

BY: AHSON AHMED (CAPTAIN)

MUSTAFA ABID
SHAHEER IMRAN
SAAD IBNE SAEED

Mouse

What does a mouse do?

A mouse helps us navigate through a computers

graphical interface.
We can click on symbols to perform operations.
We can scroll up and down a page with the help of
the ball on top of the mouse.

How does a mouse work?

The purpose of mouse is to convert your hand

movement into a usable computer format.

When the mouse is moved, this movement rolls a
ball found inside.
You should put the mouse on flat table or mouse pad
in order to move.
The two axles (represent the X and Y direction) will
turn as a result of the rolling ball. Each axle connects
to wheel (resembles like a gear) which spins when
the axle rotates.

Beside each rotating wheel, there is an infrared LED

(light-emitting diode) and infrared Sensor. The LED

sends a path of light to the wheel. The sensor, found
on the other side of the wheel, detects the pulses of
light interrupted by rotating wheel.
The mouse on-board processor chip reads the pulses
from the sensor and translates it into binary data.
This tells the mouse position and speed which is
displayed in the movement of a cursor on a screen.

Why do we need a mouse? Where do we use it?

Why do we need a mouse? Simple. It is the best way

to navigate on a computer which has no touch

screen.
Where do we use it? It is used in almost all
computers.

Advantages of a mouse
A mouse provides a fast method of input for

commands
It feels natural to use as it involves pointing a things.

Disadvantage of a mouse
It needs a flat surface to operate which might not

always be available

Tracker Ball

What is a trackball?
In simple words, a trackball is like an upside down

mechanical mouse.
Rather than moving the whole mouse, the user rolls
the ball in the socket.

How does it work?

The user can move the ball with their thumb or

fingers, and sensors inside the case detect which

direction the ball is moving.
Unlike a mouse, the case doesn't move.
The computer converts the data from the sensor
into binary and we see the cursor moving in the
direction we move the trackball.

Advantages of a trackball
It is stationary and does not need a surface to move

on.
Disabled people can use it as there are larger
versions of a trackball which can be used with a
persons feet.

Disadvantages of a trackball
Rolling a ball is less like pointing.
It can be difficult to use for applications requiring

fine control.

Where is it used?
You probably wont find too many trackballs in

peoples homes. Trackballs are now used in a variety

of fields, from air-traffic controlling to operating
equipment to drafting and design work. They are
considered more durable than a mouse and more
precise, which is why they are still used in these
fields.

Microphone

How does it work?

A microphone converts sound vibrations into an analog

signal.
We usually connect the microphones signal to the computers
sound card with a cable.
The sound card has analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) that
converts the microphones input signal to a stream of
digitized sound samples.
Typically, each sample represents just 23 microseconds of
the input signal and 44100 of them are created every second!
The user can record the microphone signal by saving these
data as a sound file.

What are its uses and Advantages?

Microphone helps in recording our voices.
It is used to communicate with people online
It can be used to give voice commands to the

computer
People with motor disabilities can just speak what
they want to type, in to the microphone, thanks to
the voice to text system.

Joystick

What is a joystick?
A joystick can act as a pointing device, by moving the

cursor when the user moves a lever connected to the

sensors.

How does it work?

In order to communicate a full range of motion to

the computer, a joystick needs to measure the stick's

position on two axes -- the X-axis (left to right)
and the Y-axis (up and down).
The X-Y coordinates pinpoint the stick's position
exactly.
When a button is pressed the data is converted to
binary and is sent to the computer which then fulfills
the command the button was responsible for.

What are its Uses and Advantages?

It can provide input for an embedded computer e.g a

motorized wheelchair.
It is used while playing videogames to move a
character or an object
Some laptops and mobiles also have miniature
joysticks which are in built.
It is used in flight simulators

Disadvantage
With a joystick may be more difficult to control fine

movement than with a mouse.