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Fu)» 38365» F133 (2012412) + ° SEK » SELES + RETAINER TOR HEREL HEISE)» AURIS + CBIR SARMGZABIA) » ESAS (2006) « > mem + AARON + C25 MR SMERRSRBAEMES ees)» aNPURT » DS ~ * ate + 7235-236 - 5 RAR » SALAM» (SEUSS RRL AUR ANRC BIE)» RTE: > CRIARORPRALACA: SIR ARIANBITE ATTACHE)» FLI98 (201346) > * eet mia » UAE « 7 wait » 285LVietor G. Devinatz, The Attack on US Public Sector Unionism in the Age of Austerity, 63 LAB. L.J.5,9411 (Spring 2012). 1Employees: NFFE) + % Bl 3} 4&4 444 (American Federation of Government Employees: AFGE ) 2 3t #4 (R44 FM & (National Association of Government Employees: NAGE) » 45 443 4 A k2 46.58 Rife > a Lf te A EA oe BSL KALMAR EZ SA AA Ek ME IRE REHRTLBAR (RAM) (2H (4G) ZIMA OPA LALA] > Pete PSHE AEN RH Tako RA FMR Mest eR] 5 hes i A Be A Ak + KO ISG AY HR a SU i 2 0 EMER RA TA REN AUET SB Bh HM hL BA ok a ALD Bp WIRTZ ao? 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National Federation_of Federal Employees ( BH HIM : 201346 1201) + Wikipedia, American Federation of Government Employees, hitp:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Federation_of Government Employees (GSE EI: [iiT) + KRWikipedia, National Association of Government Employees, |tto://en.wikipedia.orgAwiki/National_Association_of Government Employees (83) : FIA) ° HSL 2 FBSA» + AAI REL NB PRISE « '° RRGHLME » BILB.V.H. Schneider, Public Sector Labor Legislation —An Evolutionary Analysis, in PUBLIC SECTOR BARGAINING 189-228 (Benjamin Aaron et al. eds., 1988), Walz HeaRRLIGIH » 5%, RICHARD C. KEARNEY, LABOR RELATIONS INTHE PUBLIC SECTOR 10-11 (1992). " Act of January 16, 1883, 22 Stat. 403, ANIL BLEW + ILH, Manley Case, Federal Employee Job Rights: The Pendleton Act of 1883 to the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, 29 Howard L. J. 283, 287-288 (1986) JZNote, Developments in the Law —Public Employment, 97 HARV. L. REV. 1611, 1619-1629 (1984), SPEAR « RIPUILBH » 2 FPaTRICK J, CIHON & JAMES O. CASTAGNERS, LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT LAW 264 (1993).dee =4 + 8X HR-LHM (American Federation of Labor: AFL) & 2H Sst HHH A (National Federation of Post Office Clerks) 2 48/1 + Bla eeat hi " Fes — ii HbA itvk (Lloyd-La Follette Act of 1912) "» it sk fcaaamh Atk FEMA AIRE ) EAM IB ER SCPE AAR > EAR VOL ARAL IE AW OF + ARM IEOR & Cprievances) = 2K ih + Fi bai AG ARE RIT ta MA AEA oH EA Lo — HEME Cengage) Atay (assist) oz % Th LSU O RE HET UB HL WI LZ BIT PIE EA LTE AR BARE -A-=FARPARIE MAAC MHS AASA LD CNFFE ) iE 3 fa.s8i + JES} + 9% Sh aA) > LE 2 Bk A A Me at ft 4 — Fe SR Uheae HE ML CAFGE ) Ae ak ft teat Bh (NAGE) > tt — A. HER 3" Pim» AARP IAN > Ht A hae 2 A RGR AE AE» JENS SE Apo DIK» DLLs FN AHS ME (President Franklin Roosevelt ) Aytpl > (ask IR —-AZHAER RH RH LM teik (National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) of 1935) "> wh 448 ER I 2 HH SAB STO AR MA LA AS EY AR A TR KOMEEEL RLS HAM TERA RAL AEA KABA RA boy DANZA» 18 MDA AB EAM (sovereignty doctrine ) 2.453148 71 Uh AE > AIOE EOE SR Me A SCARE 18 By > BRAT HE ak © BRAS + BL te — Aus EEG ay YR RS RE A aay Se ATS MEA HAY RIC MAE 9 So RACE AE HEF) + HAA SRP A + aE ASEM D+ hte 246 ALL eA OMIM) 2a © St md TRAR A AL AES FRRAT ARAM 9 RABAT SMe HSI TBR 2 fe RB TE 3h > ARAB HE ih 49H (President John F. Kennedy) 4i—AA— FAME PVE MHEERM A KARAPLEFLAMHLMA > CHFL MAM RA HE PARR He Ma He + AAR AHL So Ri > daa eRD od JOY + Auk» SOPHIA MN te SUSE MH x tm My SEO + TR AAT RH «HAI BEE A RAS EH CMR ILS HLT PAM AH — Feta AN AD SM A HE + SEATS SAE RE +P + “Act of August 24, 1912, ch. 389 § 6, 37 Stat. 555. id. "S GMpeiaeeSRHEINAE + BH, KEARNEY, supra note I, at 11. " Pub. L. No. 74-198, ch. 372, 49 Stat. 449 (1935) (codified as amended at 29 U.S.C.§§ 151-169 (2006). "" TMUFSSERA + @FBROBERT E, ALLEN & TIMOTHY J. KEAVENY, CONTEMPORARY LABOR RELATIONS 637 (1998), FIeFEZIA « AIVELRE + BFESection 305 of the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947, ft » Lk —#eae4e PRERER-AAN ERE RIE * TAA AEE » SKE LZ BS AEG » TT Le — FTC LZ Ble » AE EGET » EBA» BHA, 18USC. § 1918 (2006). 3KEY ZAR MOP AR YB ko > By LE GE BL AR SEER EA os A 75 BE ER WAS RSAC RIT By A» RR A BBB RA PUSH ANAL 9 RR + HA A A OA SARIN 2+ ATE OD hb AR Ae wv = AE ag 7 + BRAT AG SMR (1962-1978 ) HDA NE Ae — AA Fh TAT OA sh fT 3k 4 (Executive Order 10988.) 7» a wl Lt SLE IBM WR BN A SET «RAR — A a SH AG SE eA 2 I HE BSE PARE He CA) IBA CBR) OA IR > a ELSE GE AAFP A GE RARE 9 VEO Re Aa AIRE tt Le aT 2p FINS RP» SUI 38 BY HAY TA RE Bk HE A WII + ASE + AR AAA TEA EA EO BOA A MBM AL Cmanagement’s rights)» sh RABAT WB » Beat wg EAC, RIN A ATA RR MRS SP OR A A 2 10 ECAP AE LET AA RAD ZA I A SRR GA ALTA AAP BARA BAR Oe ASA AT MUR AE TE + 43S AMP AAA AEE RAIL NE +R ADR AR A 1 B= H-ARAA > HK LAM (President Richard M. Nixon) f4E4r2 6B HOR MEE A BLAIS + ATSB —OAA A SEAR IR AT IR aR He HE A RE 488 (democratic management ) + iy H-WAR I 3 OFF SM RAE A © FF i HB GE ME 2 SAP SHE eA Bk RR AE HP LH LS AA OE RAR AIR + AMIR TAMIR RAE > CBR Ao B tk HTS PORRZIGA E PLEA AL + Mi RP ei IER BLE LP MMAR RL Re MATL SORT ZIMA (decentralized) $y hi WRC TLEM MARL Fe hk RPRE RA LI Mo MRM eed ee Lee ee eee ARIA A CME IER RAAF ARPA A —— AHAB HATHA (Executive Order 11491) + FRR ETI —ORAASE Apa Z RAMA BARI» RA Tek gp SEA IE I Sh t+ MT RRA LM HA CARRE — MLM EL A (Federal Labor Relations Council: FLRC) > Bt 2h 47 AI $4050 HRS A 95 Bt OR As + 3k HATE MAAR MAAR OAR EAE AB EBB WREAM Mi CLG RSLS ME RA RK: OH MABE © Bile» SSE, U.S. GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE (GAO), FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS: A. PROGRAM IN NEED OF REFORM 11 (1991). *" Executive Order 10988, Employee-Management Cooperation in the Federal Service, 3 CER. § 521 (1959-63 Comp,). 2 PALS 22 LE BSE ARIE BALUS. Gao, supra note 20, at 11 J Michael R. McMillion, Collective Bargaining in the Federal Sector: Has the Congressional Intent Been Fulfiled? 127 Mit. L. REV. 169, 178-181 (1990). * US. Gao, id * Executive Order 11491, Labor-Management Relations in the Federal Service, 3 CER. § 861 (1966-70 Comp). 4PU tk AIL HE Ah # (negotiability appeals); (O)H HAAR AK | A) HEESHM ALLE HMA MALT B HAART TERRA LARA MMA aR ok +R Arak SBA AL IR i eM AR om THEA ILZ A NIRYAT DS + ER RT AE 6 RNS + HEE A ZA SB AID ASH» PARA LE BY SLM ABR MT RTPA AER DEN Fe AE RAE © PLR > Hd HRI AT AREA AO AE IR A a Sho Xf tai + BA SAR a ia A AE RE 3 at Bo BAS HARE — Au 09 EF BE Gok PT HE A FAR fo BA (Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service: FMCS ) + 38 #28 #83 it RPL HH + PULSE Wah © ash > My RESET HAE ZAP RF HE PE PERMA APE EASES LE) am (Federal Service Impasse Panel: FSIP) > "7 Se4k > Arak SRI ASAE AL MDR AU RE > AEP RAE PBL 2 RR AR ASU A RIS A AURA AT EATS Apa JE AA WHEREAE (1978- AS HH —— VA RB RATINGS AMAT RRR LE SERA A OOM IE Gy EZ RIA ARRAS REE HHEPLEA AZIM FE (non-postal) MARA + HE Are Ae TRAE TIAA Ho” ehh PASM (President Jimmy E. Carter) HAE» APRA) — fe htm RIED a FA RAR He He 4) AEM ARR 2th RAR AIR GANA IAAT ERR ee cee eee ae ee eee > RPHAKFER Bi —AtAFDB A ARIE (Civil Service Reform * ALA Th te ZF ULE SILTY » ER US. Gao, supra note 22, at 12% ‘MeMillion, supra note 22, a 181-186. * US. Gao, id. 7 id. at 13. * id. je SOARS EE SCLIN —TISTESB ——Da.— Weer TLER Gy » MPOELMI + BL Executive Order 11616-Amending Executive Order No. 11491, Relating to Labor-Management Relations in the Federal Service, 36 FED. REG. 17319 (August 28, 1971), iMEIE+— Hi » fhsLHB— RAGE TEeh-y + $1 SEGRE SRACPA TARA » HADAILBY »-S5EExecutive Order 11636, Employee-Management Relations in the Foreign Service of the United States, 36 FED. REG. 24901 (December 24, 1971). ZE#FF@#t (President Gerald R. Ford) (E418 » th @ANREAHAB TEC th RSI ISBUEZ SORIA MALEATE.» BME Ae + HL Executive: Order 11838-Amending Executive Order No. 11491, As Amended by Executive Orders 11616 and 11636, Relating to Labor-Management Relations in the Federal Service, 40 FED. REG. 5743 (February 7, 1975) ExExecutive Order 11901-Amending Executive Order No. 11491, as Amended by Executive Orders 11616, 11636, and 11838, Relating to Labor-Management Relations in the Federal Service, 41 FED. Re«. 4807 (February 2, 1976). id.Act of 1978) V+ St —AtAH-H+—- AERA AA RY BEEZ BE SAE AE DORAL Ek + BM IRE I LI IE EM th OR A»? Bs KML RE EE AKA APA FEAR AR TL — 2A EMS EE Oh A RC A BU + UTA IB MM IIT A EM AR ko Ie SSE I I AE DRA Aa 2 RAR 5 AR BALA INI OH A AL (Federal Labor Relations Authority: FLRA) A R24 MT PMA A BTR AR SEU RA SEAN TE EA 6 PAAR AT ABIL AG SU to ik SB OM AE (mediation ) - -¥ 4 4§ 92 (fact-finding) A 4p a (arbitration) $4 + RAT APB AA AR 0 =P IS A SE I Sa I+ SANS AO EAT PARA EAL AE + — + 2 UL ee FRA ACS IS RHE TAO PRR RU i FBS MEAT BL ORD ARI AB AG + iy Lt AB BBL a IB A i RZ Sear ALT © Lf MAIR RAE SLE AE Db ARAL + FA PINAR BRE + AAS RA + aN TAA ERS MA LPAI SBP A IR NA + MP RGR IR SRIK CN RM APE SAUER UGA AS + RMR AD ARSE BIKE HR + AR Re ae ap ak aA Ae Sh TA RR 2 ABBR: FREPRBMYGALHHA: KEART URSMIRIZM FIR AMER AE Sb °° ae ARR AAs Aue HE Rab sk (Thurmond Act of 1969) ZH ERA RAG Bho Lae ih EEE (RHA de) RRR EAA EI AR = PREAH > SERA AG AEA AR Rm A AAR ASHE AR ER SOR A BA» HE Baa (USS, Postal Service) 2 See HAE ALAM I 2 My Bh PLL RIGA P+ PRB fh BAIR Ha SPR AGE 2 A RAR At OFF A ne fk (Postal Reorganization Act of 1970) * 23> #2ERRA > M&-ALHEMRR EW\4hik (National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) OF 1935) 242.4% >” * Act of October 13, 1978, Pub. L, No. 95-454, 92, Stat 111 (1979), © HO — ES EAR MWR + 1] AHenry B, Frazier Ill, Labor-Management Relations inthe Federal Government, 30 LAB. LJ. 131 (1979) ReDena B. Feren, Union Perspectives ‘on the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, 11 J. COLLECTIVE NEGOTIATIONS 119 (1982) FES 4S HLF it AYO + » HHVSHLM » BIS USC. § 7013 () 2) (6) (2006). * 1d. $7103 (@X3MA)G)2006). * 1d, $7103 (b\(1)(A)-(B)(2006). * 1d. §7103 (@)(2\(B)Q), * 353 39 U.S.C. §§ 1001-1011, 1201-1209 (2006). RNG + SRO f= BN ADR IFA NIRS BH (Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA) of 1959 ) 8» (28 (A) (9 AS (OGEMEL. «TEL WAT—EAOSZ EFRON «MOVES» B5LWiLLIAMB. GOULD, 6=> EPER: ERD TAA MH FRR BRA Joe SE DAA AB MB] HE TUN IR ode BRPAASREE ATRAR SAMAR ARRAS LRA IR AE SUAS AM SO BRI» PL +R NR RRA HAANAR GADD ERR ID > — teams + AREER AL HEAR EATS ME MA A OHA ESR TPIT MARA EIR RAN TAR eR ARORA DR ERALAH EMAL AMA (community of interest) 2A ze > HAA AA ARORA Sea =" ae RM PAR im SARE HALE BLM MRA AM RTS SEA (consent elections) Ip > WaT RMEPLET LAL LIE» RST RZ GEIR? x to ASR PRA TEAM HORA eB RK? BRRELRL BAR RAAB TT RARE TED A MBE A SERRE» SOLA MARES IE RRR PLE + AR EF BS Dh OLR ARG SELB MA LMA OD AEA A AE A RE > Hi Bo toa ae ae ee ARE AHR A RS Rn AE AL 3344841 (consultation rights ) > Bl at + qa Sp 5] Ace HR A a SAMVay » SeoRRaean mae RAB ALatat 3 PLO SLAB A088 1 IP LM AR IR IAM RA ERG GTA HLM OME: FERRARA RAAT ALS ALTAR LOS PYAR» FR KSA SUR MA fp fa SAD 5 Sh EBLE 5 BL Se AP RAR ADE A oA a NF A A PRIMER ON AMERICAN LABOR LAW 185 (2004). “PT BMURSISURE-T. 8224S fair representation ge Rs.2—AAQWH » W]ATodd Brower, The Duty of Fair Representation under the Civil Service Reform Act: Judicial Power to Protect Employee Rights, 40 OKLA. L. REV. 361, 368-373, 387-405 (1987)K:Stephen L. Wood, Federal Employees, Federal Unions, and Federal Courts: The Duty of Fair Representation in the Federal Sector, 64 CHI-KENT L. Rey, 271, 294-333 (1988), SSATPARZIRI + BELE-SfPLAA « © ue» 525 USC. § 7112 (@X1}(2006), SEH ELEN A EOC eR TS WILLIAM. B, GOULD, supra note 39, a 38-43. © BHWSHLM » BRS US.C.§7111 OXDKAI2OO6), 1d. § TI1(a) 28-7114 (@)2\(AX2006. “id. § T14()Q\(B)Q006), WOES A SAE 2 AY MOE REET A » TSE, Phillip G. Tidmore, The Federal Sector's Lan on Weingarton, 35 A.F.L. REV. 195, 199-214 (1991), RAI am © SEALANT RE + ORE BE LATA AC REA RGR AIRE» TOOT ARONNRAT A + URNA » LAURE» NNRES » 1200-201 « “ TBRSHLM » BHES US.C. § 7116 (2006), ATR—RLAANIS 8 NTIS SAR + HL Benjamin Aaron, Unfair Labor Practices and the Right to Strike in the Publie Sector: Has the National Labor Relations Act Been a Good Model? 38 STAN. L. REV. 1097, 1098-1109 (1986), 285 S4EMEFTIK ASSAM RETR E ZARMY TIA » GILBari S. Podell, An Emerging Doctrine: Unfair Labor Practices in the Federal Sector, 4 ADMIN L. REV. 433, 436-468 (1985), 2/47 7AMH.ZaH = 7BARRE RR By A 2 AR Oh | A RAT ET ARAN task Hz THR AS ae BA ede FORMS ATR ATR ZARA | AGG SET AALS BY MARU LR ae I AG AR RAS RAE «HEB + AEG SS) ARR LE FUR ARG SMES AR + BR eA ho AR 5 BAS ARIE is PORMS RT > SLAGL s ARAM BI F IH (picketing) > HAEF FORME BES - AR» HLURSIC IE 7119: 2 IRE» IB A Sex Ae CO 1 BAR SAE AO A HE RL RH AF EB 4ii ®j R32») 4a. (Federal Service Impasse Panel: FSIP ) 4 ih 8) RIP + 2%) 40 eh Ae RIES — fit EM REY PAO IK APA AIK 9 A CH) AD A AS BA AR SEMA» ZAR AEE AA MCAFEE AAR» BR ST ARB AR ZRH LEA EM NERA SHLAA RBM HEE FA + BREAST BIDAR By ALF > BAT OLAS HERE > HELA IT (fact-finding ) » $e th ARRIETA + RES A PMS Mk HA (directed settlement) > i fe s8iG34-) FB > BRIM Wa Ta MYA Hy WB SLA My RD 2A AL binding arbitration) » ® 2+ BRAS P BPS RE ARR — Jee A AERIS By MAR 2K AB TDL HE. 723 te 2» AAT WB ai ty #934 ABST — AS A RAE (grievance procedures ) > ii XARA APA A AR ah 2 See Ais + oR ST ALA AIR + Het — IEE RAM RRS SAA + OAT SKOM ABE MOA A HE ae A Creview) 2 3 > maRA A ATR Ae Ap ALR OE A + MSU ITGK Be a Ab ALA PA RII BY AIR MR REE Eb a A So RAE ER, ARR ES PH MIA IPR RR Rte Bate th PHY AZ BRAT Hh I Me kL HALA (statutory review procedures ) Rito EASELS» SARA AR 2 AR FR SRA + So HE " TADAUL BA» 58S U.S.C. § 7116 (@)(1}+(8)(2006), AANA SBRBURAL NAS SY ET SLATED, + ‘BILBasiS, Podell, id. at 436-459, “SIA IRBERRICIER HIBSENote, Federal Service Labor and Employment Law, 7 LAB. LAW. 555, 583-593 (1991). © Imipesiml « BIES US.C. § 7116 (b)(1-(8)2006), 45°F T PEEKED PARAS HEOHGFTES » SALBar 8. Podell, id, a 459-468, ASREFM ZION » TELAT REN » NTIS FENote, id, at 593-594, © TSH Sh» BALH. Lee Binsel, Jr. & Frank A. Rodman, Negotiability in the Federal Sector—Focusing on Impasse Resolution, 35 A.F.L. REV. 147, 163-164 (1991), SHWE BR Bi) BFLVal Buxton, Pifalls and Pratfalls of Impasse Resolution Procedures in the Federal Government; A Negotiator Experience, 37 LaB. L.J. 167 (1986); William Harness, Has Federal Service Impasse Exceeded Its Charter? 2. Gov’S UNION REV. 32 (1981); J Charles G. Smith, Jr, The Resolution of Negotiation Impasse in the Federal Service, 20 J. COLLECTIVE NEGOTIATIONS 321 (1991), S72 « “TROBE 9ES USC. § 7121 () (1) 2006), ZEA ICAP RE AL ELROIRAL« ALAS TL ie» AR « * este + BIES US.C. § 7122 (b) (2006).PRPALR-AAWHRMIE KB HK Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) LA OAL PAA OF + PO AAR AE A REN AR PAR AR ek PETRA AT HARA + ARIE TAR 2 EA ae a IR A AA AER AERA AMS AD IG A ATE RIL AA E> SR 450 dh IER MAG A AE ER do ke» 0S ABR AE HE IR SESH aR HK Ae RAL» KUMAR AE Ue at A RAKE RAE CE) AREA ALAR «ARAL» A MTA Seat Pea + ep MBER FoI Hy SHAR AAR te ara AD +t Ah SAITO — A EB ATA ATH CRMR ER AR (de-certification ) » PRITAM + FHL GI AAAS A SMA ZU — ht HH LAA mash (Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization: PATCO) ¢ H 2-8 MISE 4& > 40. RAL LH RM RG CARE RRL ma Ree ee Rak aa Ae EMA ak + LR FA ok A AE AE AB 4R4F (permanent strike replacements ) FR AGORA mae ATM TS BY RAE RCA HB Ace F 0 Bay» CABS CORE + ON RARE + PTAA to AH AR 3) FARHRRARAMBARFAREZALH: MADENZH ARAB Aaa Sh SAR I FE EA a LAS A LE + 2 — a WE Hak HE AE OR » ae EIR, G ZS PY Op ih AT) 9 HF hp JK # (international labor standards) 784 > (LAF BLE — SIRS CURR) » ARS ALR EWI LAE I Oy AR ER ARS ANSP» AE ARAR HT GK IR BAR YL AB I TT BZ SMA ES RR BR CR RS ? RESALE » S-FECITON & CASTAGNERS, supra note 13, at 269-270. * ya. at 270, * BanaUEMs + S525 USC. § 3333 (a) (2006). © ASS a LEY ALAR JA ELE SSS RIE Z ANE» BLBernard D. Meltzer & Cass R. Sunstein, Public Employee Strikes, Executive Discretion and the Air Traffic Controllers, 50 U. Cl. L. REV. 731, 772-94 (1983); Herbert R. Northrup, The Rise and Demise of PATCO, 37 IND. & LAB. REL. REV. 167, 177-9 (1984); K{Everott T. Wohlers, An Endangered Species: ‘The Federal Employee Strike, 19 IDAHO L. REY. 7, 27-9 (1983), FHM AME RIMS ATES HaRET AAINLZANAL “US-FEGilles Trudeau, Labor Relations Rules inthe American and Canadian Federal Governments: The Case of Air Traffic Controllers, 29 WAYNE L. REV. 1347 (1983). BONA » SALAAM» ¢ESERBRHBT BH RR ESRS AZ9LERP) » CORSE P25 + FL84-87 ( RIBAS)» * CEI) » BSAGOULD, supra note 39, at 179. GHSHLM » SHSusnne C. Lacampegne, The Public Sector Right to Strike in Canada and the United States: A Comparative Analysis, 6 B.C. INT & COMP. L. REV. 509 (1983); Powers J. McGuire, 4 Comparison of the Right of Public Employee to Strike in the United States and Canada, 38 LAB. LJ. 304 (1987); Martin H. Malin, Public Employees" Right to Strike: Law and Experience, 26 U. MICH. J Rer. 313 (1993); Trudeau, supra note 55, at 1406-1408, 9FEE + IAAT HA SB) to 281 AR © => RR EH HHA PRL ARR AL AE LAE IB tb] AC 7104 4 E7109 2 ILI HOR HM A ak — I OE Fk mT? eS aA A) AL» ABRIL Ec POR ERET AR AE * A AE Si ARH TM ARK AALS FH TMH AF (National Labor Relations Board: NLRB) AHA HH RETSMMRERAR ERD RR BHO MLM CARAT PR OTHE + EAR 6 HA CaF EEG HRS HTH HAS ASAE SA + a BA eR At ae AAI» ESSAI AT MS ER HO AS HE ALG BD BZ RAG 3B ZH URRLG MARDER HB 2 AEA OUR ILE IL HAGA ATI AE LER ER CLA FRM SM SO ik (cease and desist) FM RRA A SRR a A GOT ER BE AG + tA Aa ATK AAR ALL +e Ue it 2% Zi NUENEA6 (remedial actions) >” EAHA RARE HMR A RRP RYE A AI AA SEI MA AGT AA AIR EMR AAR HE RRA AZ ikE 4G HK] (General Counsel ) Bp AR Mi a AE AP > HERR IK A LAIMA LR SEA BAIR Zi + eo ARSE Sito A > AE AAR OR AER AGE + BUR RA SUPA — EAST ih FAIS A RA I A ho RMT TTA Ma SLA ER SPP + ak Rabe eR Leeda So RI SUE FE WAAR Se SCHR SEY AAR ELAR AHR EM» BST TA SORE RRS TMG (remedial order)» HF FAS HRA HPA + TAT AP OBL ORAL OR tI ARIAL RRS a BULLE AERA AROS TO MB LURE SRI ARE BOG POR PUT SERUM AR RALHS BREE RUG HORAN AR MAAS RRP RARE BR te SMI LEA ZA ARM GT LER SEM REAR FLGwLHSE hms WADA E DA” ERR ERT AANA TR ATA aE © eb —SOY LAA OES ATE» BELCharles B, Craver, The Regulation of Federal Sector Labor Relations: Overlapping Administrative Responsibilities, 39 LAB. LJ. 387, 388-94 (1988) BeAmie D. Thomton, Policies and Practices of the Federal Labor Relations Authority, 8 Gov'T UNION Rey, 1 (1987), SHEP ARS ARH + © iiss » 54S US. § 7104(8), (6)5% § 7105 (8)2\(A}4B), (62006), © Bd. § 105 (a(2\(A)-(B)2006). © Id. § 7105 (a\(2)(G)(2006). © Jd. § 7105 (g)(2006). WIAULAREREIY » 585 U.S.C. § 7118 (@)(1)-(3)(2006), © etm» BES ULS.C. § 7123 (€)(2006), “ Id.BRULEE TAR ELAR ERT AS He SRS AMIE FREI ADEE GM ON + ET AH AEA ak 5 ADAIR TE AAS ATT OR i A EB a «a RR Ae SADIR ARE» BAL do RA ALARA MRR A 2 AG A AE LR ZANE MTA RT LR EAS AIR OZ IB AH + a BSE A TELAT ZARA ARSE LSS BR BL ASAE AUN IGE Be AE BLOT MUGTRARERAR RRP TZ Tram” => RARE ERB AY Ay BAB Mb BT SERA eA IEA AR RAT AE» LT A AE SO ER HS i838 #839 89.R fo M2 (Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service: FMCS ) Bik Aa VARB IR © Bh RABE — Au + AF OF FE isc (Labor-Management Relations Act of 1947)" ptt + RBZ MIM + SK BLY AI A (American Arbitration Association: AAA) — Hk » SAGAR RA AAA SRT I SAE AA AMARA 14 $ 3K MA (alternative dispute resolutions: ADRs) AR > Ht 4o VAR > fo AR Cconeiliations ) > 54838.» AL aK (mini conferences) APRA > ak I PHA RE ALBA AR © RR ALE AER I i MARL RFK 7119 PALIT > do RAL HEA AE WT mE A ESE» UATE SPE HR ASK AL Mh RB > aI HE SAG EK AY A BSE Sb» oA] — AGE hk e+ MN 2 Hh 3B 40 3A TA Mh B85 AR LAL ERI, « Ho AS 20 AR I A a W2D > RIAA — A371 a AR 2 EE A ALI LSA A EM © Peet AE RMAESE SAR > By AR LA ah BOE 2 I AEA SEAM AB AE FM] LAE HB TOD) OVA IRE ST RES EAL EAE ASAD RA ZAP BAIR» RIBAS BY 2A A ADI» I AB A Aw HIP RAB ae AAG 9 Bee + LARISA IR LIE AR ae HEAT LAA RARE + 48 ty» APSA) SUS AR HH AR FF» EA WM AAS wb PH Sa RA RAR IK AS AALS REZNOR ARAL BRA PAS COLI HER MEE AAR RESR PL + ER AAA Ha RN a "sha OA aR DALE RL GAL REAR RPS A EAT HZ AEA + PA MDE AR AA ABE DAE REI ae aR maa” goat SS AE HANSEL RAE Ae BAR IAP RR RA AR AE 2A AT Es AICP ALM Rb aE BEAR IES AD A ANT > ROLE BUTT WEA He HB ais TAR CAI AGE B > FTE I Sy A folk, TA © LHL » BIBS US.C. § 7118 (@TKA)-(D)2006), © Tales + 2Comment, Federal Sector Strike Injunctions: Who May Request Them and Where? 31 AM. ULL. REY. 681, 689-718 (1982), 4 BURPSAEZ I » © Tule SILL —AGILBAFSIREALZAR + SULWikipedia, Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (United States), pen. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rederal_Mediation_and_Conciliation_Service (United _ States) (BAREFIM 201346692480) 7" TRIWAHLRG + FESchneider, supra note 10, at 205-210. Pa iOR ROLL +” 2» RIB ABSA AT BH DOE AL AS + AOE MY SU A ET ZOE 2 PABA BRAC A PR HEMEEAZ NTP Ri RABY DATO A LE AMS PH DREAM FERRARA RAS PRE 2 MMERY BL OR SLA RM MP RE LS RAM EL ARS aT AZ ARAL IEAR Eh > VAIL RAB aR 0p ARR A 2 REM RDN RA A RAR ERS AH + LEAT I A SR OLEATE 2 AEP MLR RARE AL MEE MZ Ai IMA AH — RZ ILKT A (unstructured) » vA SI APAR AA EA ae» BL + SE AEA AR POE RSL AE Bh SEA Ls Ak ak Roo PL TURAL MLM 10. eR MLR PAR AEE OLA A RE PRU MCCA ERD 2 IL» DIES BRS a + ERE HRT AE SIEM SAP BI 2 AL IM + Hp HRA a) 12 47% j(advisory arbitration )> ¢ i HF LIMA RAF Ab Hh th RIK Ab © RIAL E > SL — FSBO ZARA HE OS ROA AR IEICE 2 Pl HARLEM E GME + Rims Lh SM IEE (settlement recommendations ) + i #4} # ARMA EF AMA A HD RA > FH Ey BRERA SCTE ALR SERA AZ fh Bs MELAS TERMS HR FRM A RLM Mins AtOF RA ERA AEP ERR» RAPA SRA ALTRI IR RAAT APAEMA AR AAEH (quasi-adjudicative) 2 hfe» (2K MLA AE AEAN Zs) fe Spde B A M+ DBM EEA IIR IA TZ BR «RAR» aR BARR ORAL + CHCA ADO TR Hw A» ASE AM ROE MAT + EINE MESSE AE A MRT + te AR do AS» — AAAI IBBAE BD Hb Rik Le ME Ay BY BABA SK SE BY Fy EFA Me — BLA » 12-4 AH 71211) OR PAY BTR A 8498 Hi — HIS LIF (grievance procedure ) + iy 2 RAF HRA ZAP A MEK a HR MALE ° Mh > SRO ARTA — BG ARE BUS At RAGE A 2 SR do HAAN ZAR AS A RE ERM RL RS 1H SRA AB PY IB Ry BA + AEA A IS Bh A 2G ME ROR BRAT ak HB OFT EI TAN ROR SY SNE LM 9B GK PU A 0 fF ASE A A PE AEN TE a EE Re + RENEWAL AER Z AR Jon HK» BAA Cy AL MSA a IE ONS a Ae MATE» AMINO AE OA RAL BBR FAH +p HG 3] AC IF ARAL URS ET A A AE RRS A EE © RUAULEH » SELGOULD, supra note 39, at 180. SG + SAARI + SRUIME FEU SS LRU TRIAS)» CBRSENIIED SDERMSSI] » 765-66 CARIBSAEIFT) « RMRARRE AAR ERE RRR EM ATA» A MSRM AME + Bh MEERDL RETR SEAR & IB SA MCAG YE H+ HE AT AyWhe SR 2 E BR HRA RZ Bde HAE ALE PART BGA RIE AK 40 AAALAR SELAH IR ATE AP AAR to UAE Seb A Rik «to AUR EMIT RAE A A AR I AR SEZ OHS RIAA RE (industrial democracy) 238B* A > fo PARE EE LTR AM EL NATE A eA LS MN ME AE MIR AMEAL » KUM SB SLATE ORME 2b» Jhk ba ESE I BURZI EA TERA ICE + SAAB TYE Ae ETE IE RAE ZMPBLMG ME RORETAR RGR? —RARGHA HERE > UGA RAMEE LI BAZ MT IT > BURT RU ek LA ORE + ARSE BO RW BS ETL Mk ob Be 2 + ATS fk PREMAD A TRL — Kms RRA DAML EMM BAAR RIE RAR ALR EME BALL NLP * AGULGR AR AAA ZHAN LE THEM HU ALBA ay Cinterest arbitration) 2 #27 + RMI EMA 2 EL» RU TCS, IRE bE Ls 2 A ¥ wk-Teziee -” FKL: ABREUGRMT + WALES ATA LE Hem ARDY By MARZ IZ > chy BY EIST 4a. (International Labor Organization: TLO) @ AAAS Ae > BPE RAIS FE th 2 FARM SA = ABE BAR» BLD RAR AO Ae EEA ZR ARAMI» BCA DSO PIS IB 98 1 RD BAR Heo Wim AME AN MA PRE ZA > CPM MIA DZ ALN + 424 LS RP OA JAR RES ABR SE A» Heo AB ALAD RR ARTE > th LRSM (4) AE TSE WB +H TRAE HEAP Ob EER ARERR TAA RA” tM ea ZAGER A THA DIM ZAR) ARON ZEAL AR» FLMM RMA GK SELLA BASLE Bol SRA MR BM MLA (agents) 2S ae > FAR SCALIA « at aE RRAEAE SSAC LAL AEA THER A RR RA M2 aA BG JAAR Ao APL» Bab» A BAPE ATARI TR CARA A ae 2 ” WORSE » SLA + CCAM AR SERRA A ROB) > TAS + CARN Be + HDT6 (RaIB4tE ) 216-277 « ” Iiliitts » @FRRobert E. Doherty, Trends in Strikes and Interest Arbitration in the Public Sector, 37 LAB, LJ. 473 (1986); Warren H. Hyman, Arbitration and the Public Employees: An Alternative (0 the Right to Strike, 1983 Det. C.L. REY. 743 (1983); Susan M. Rueschhoff, Public Sector Interest Arbitration: An Examination of Relevant Normative Premises and a Test of Underlying Assumptions, 17 J. COLLECTIVE NEGOTIATIONS 177 (1988); xLawrence Spivak, The Need for a Legislative Response to Publie Employee Strie, 4 HOrSTRA LAB. LJ. 181 (1986), HASEYSRL HINT = BASEN » SLARIRRE + RIHHEELC » FI9-10 « 7° BANAL » 5A Jane Hodges-Aeberhard and Alberto Odero De Dios, Principles of the Committee on Freedom of Association Concerning Strikes, 126 INT'L LAB. REV. $43, $50 (1987). Bee cee Cesc eer ee BATH > MP HH + HMA ADB A (public corporations) ABO H LIEB DG RA HE A EAR 6 HRI feat BAR BRA CLALA RRA L AGAR ER AML RM ZEA OSE PREZ LAMA AS 3 LALA y (essential services) 2 $i > Hei AE TAR ZA BA LZ HP 42497 VAR 8 38 401 4 (compulsory arbitration) 2 BR Rik? MAIDA SA AZ ALE th GAPE LER ei OS WH RARR HATO HA LI ALI RAE REARS ED ZEAE ALG RATT TOL HAE y © ah kL BE ALA Ah Fike» sa SH ADT 2 BEDS By 8 RE Dy Re HR fH He BER SIS HE th AMM A CARRE A BR SAR 8 a HAM AEG AAR 8 + BRA AR NPL MZ AE Sse Blas EB AOFR PRM GR AGE AEE ae Sas SEAR TE Aa AAO» ASL boa I CARAL y Coworker rights) sf » Ap LABEL TD RCRA Z BLM CAMEL AEH HLH) HAMM E HERR ABM RHEK ENMAAMAS UL Sas Dee La oe ce ae ee ag) A AE HEL — ER AME KB — Hy RAE AR RS HM A AR EAB FH AAT hI ARAS He MM + RAK BEAR RR HOKE RELL) AMA HAMID LRHASOA LTH (Free ‘Trade Agreements: FTAs) 0} > 8 &—- AR RPM HE ORHAN SH SERRE 0 ROHR KAGE ER FLA MRAZ BHA E BA AR REZ RG RANE WLC HE BR UE p> Asse HAASE ME AG (social agenda) 2G > FABRA RK ANGEALTAORME: SNA FLED RRO S RATE OE RAGE TELE ADRR RAMEE RRA BHM FESR 128 [OOAS SAAR» AERA RHE + SA &- MB bw BY OSB PY SPE HY RM A NS AE HE AA AR © fa.at ssi. IMAI » IBA. J. Pouyat, The ILO's Freedom of Association Standards and Machinery: A Summing ‘up, 121 INT'L LAB, REV. 287, 287 (1982). i SOURIS CARIN PUR + ALSO + (RNS TAZ OER) + (ORBIISE). + 8208 8IM » FAS0-64 CARIBITIFEDA) » Ip; SN ASU IRS ANSON + BARE + MAREEIS + ELL6-17 « TmineetBh + SLAM » UNREIC » F{S30-531 - "Rai SERS TID ZARM + BILDavid A. Gante, Labor Rights and Environment Protection under NAFTA and Other U.S. Free Trade Agreements, 42 U. MIAMI INTER-AM. L. REV. 297, 321-340 (2011). 4A A RD BBS. — Fi od ZR» i A SH AE TP HLA + iy DB HS Ae DAML 8 ht AB» AOS AERO 2 SIA» BA AFR SEAB (ab) 1-2 IIR BHO AEB MEARS RO Ar» HG Ak BE sate sata ALR[O-OF R40 AM PEARL A A MAL RSE LER NU MEALS BAT EARN Le AGM ROHAN PG EH Bh ARM + Epa eR ARE ALA Se EERO» A MLL ARAM LMP TA LAT AGS 8 HZ DO SE aa» A SEARO LLM «pe th SO RY RAEI: (@) UH BOTT a aN BYE 5D) SRP a A A 5 (0) fo SE APR OR ZINES | RG) RANE AZ REE ° AA ALM SHAY TERY S MH HERB SEPA HLH HM» 12 AeA (ab) PEE Oh + AMIE HS fei wR HBP LEH 2 — AEM AUS ROG MMR ESO-— FAR WP ARO ER + ALAN ofa 2 ARE 9 19. PL He ae SA De > She RPM TRI ARR BS IGA + a HE a EAE REY AH) SOR HE ATT HY RATS BE PL PE BSB He FORAILT HE AP AE EDA RE Rar HAR = TR Peek Moe AR MN POR RE E— AAG FOZ 1G > Habs Bee aA Aa PT Pe Ea AR ALF BLN ER» TA ak A A a SBA BH PIR AE A RAIA A 2 «SARA SE RAT A HAE AE MA LADO Wo hk LA — 2h 2 AE 40.6) fe REESE RL ROSTERS ERLIPR BS Beak + SP Ria HH EKA HY» ABE D HDR AM SLA EMA (Transportation Safety Administration: TSA) 224644 FH BAG RZ IK L—- HAR ET ma "L-—-BM EA, KA MMA LESAN (Department of Homeland Security: DHS) » ty 0} ap Ap a8 se tTatk BB MIA RAIS RA aS HD ARG TAL fost SRE RIMAGE Ae SPP UR SA La ee TPB Uwe A ie 9k FY a A He A Mod EA Se Ri EAN SH RAGHEB Ge + AABN — SOK A ARIE TEA He A PRS AM A + SY — A AT A ED Cb AT MAEM ERA" ARO Y > REM TIE BRM HOF MRL AER DH HSK Public Safety Employer-Employee Cooperation Act of 2009) $$ > Ar LAMP HH MME A A a RAR > A " GASSLBA » SBERoseph E. Slater, Public ~ Sector Labor in the Age of Obama, 87 IND. LJ. 190, 192-208 (2012). © eEhI + 3 FEDevinatz, supra note 7, at 11 id. id. © alr aU UR LC SELON BAT RUIN RTE EIS » STAINS» WOBEETASE » FL74-78 « TRL Sit AR PPRREY SEZ ERI + BHASlater, sypra note 88, at 219-222, 1sLER ETAT CAB AR HEE AE RB AR Mh SE A EH HA © SERED A REE RPE CRS MALE Ato LSM RH SOB TEHERER: KR-PRERALE ZT A R40 RRR TAA MTRARERAAGRA Bb CHH-HZKS: MELTS ROSS BATE HDT LEH AN 9 Him + RRL TE ETT SR HA EALPU AM CH GRAMS + 10.8 ty fe AE RE RMR ERA MAL PE Hp 2 ILI © 2+ KABM2 BR BAEK MIRA AG SB PLATE Hy Wi ZI» RAGE DANY HH OE RAZERSH RADE GM REET: HR BHR PR, PEAR AA > BR A TA eh hy 2 A ARE A A HAZ RAR PARAM LR TM hs AA RAAB HE A — EAS ARE NAR PY SE RS Bh Dk SR + SR 8 OA AE te RE AAA RRS EMRE CAMARA MEE RRS BE RR SHRHHFUARLTR: GRRIFGRER AF MRL SLAMS AG LPEHRMABERELRAL— RAAPFRRARABANT MRE AGRA ESMTAF RR ELE EMEMRR RE RR A]E RR OD ABA DD Ri ih 2 Fd OS HE PAR IE A EM AE PATH RAH CG HDR DAREN SPA BME IH — BOP FZ Min + 0H RR — HRB PRM IS EMRE LESH AMR GRRH RSH HEIERA ER EAM] + TRAIT TRH RPO PAT AM A BERD RAE KD ALE ALR © HR PML BHRABBO AGA RM TATA RABAR FRMERD LM BRAH REZ A CARB OR AE Oh Bh > He POT A RH i RP Oy RP 15 EAR 1K IG AE INR 2 6B Dy A » a HB FE Bt] SR RA 2 EA Pp TET BEAR RAG shes 2A» Bed ARAKI AEE PA» LL AE WA ce el fe SB OO ER AAP RAR (1) ROE SELAH 5 (2) OAT RAM 5G) MARA RRR RG) RAH HE union security ) Hak > Beit ae 454 | (free-riding) Haba & + RCS) BEAT 3% My Wi th @ (Federal Labor Relations Authority: FLRA) 2k 2% > ata AAR Hate Hh 288 PTE RE Op A I HR He BE ER AEG PTE HHA A Ra > ko (1) AM A th SE) 5 (2) AA HE AEE (3) HRT AG 2 athe (4) MARE eT oS Hye Ae ER RS) HR AEA ESL SB MA AE > YR AR ARG AEA ET SR BP 0k bee FRR AMA PEAR + Mek BL SE IEPA FT az A 2a ER ee UAE 3B 2 HIRE EAB RS AM Ks KANEDA AE AFAR AAA 2 ERB H (Decent Work) sk > Pee ERED RLREAN RAMAAPLTRAEL AR: Ki KAwORWA HALES ED HR HD RAP ER A AR AIG 2 SR a OF I BL RPL RATE AEA RA IB RR SEM EB th POF * aie: ARRAS AZAR + BE Sater, ie, at 222-225, 16RAEI WE A WY REE + AIR Ho Ok EME IRIE» VAAL Ay AL OR I AR AES BARRY I ROE Re RTE Aa + PL > fe Aa ARR HR AR SURAT SS PF A ES + ST aN a SEG ANTEATER ABS} AUR Sho SRO AP ARUN © Sb Sh SO DA fe a Hd AE SEK ZARA SE + CIE DAB PT SR AOE By WAR RR AE EAR AR RAL AAARKEARLALVLME: Abb EHRBAREHLER DESDE AR AAT Be AE AT LE SRE AD SA» 34 AE,» ht eR AA BEA DRA RL RA CRRBAG RR BAR DAA APRA Hee (Hs) APA RE EAT IRA AE = A A AAR a 88 0 FE LARS Ps RBA HH LOOP H GAMING + — RIAA DE Pr a RR HB A AY A A HERP] +H — HY we RE IB RE RA SLM ABAD LEA GH NM ° > $836 FVM IAT AK PY BB Op HA A DA» BR do BH BRK AE ARF A ik SEAN) Hea AGAR SE + ART ALG RS A AST HEE GE RUA REE MERA AKAN IER BAG MATS BASE » Gp LAN) BATA SE REAR 2ST IF Hy Hh IAB IE AL SE BASIE a HF BR ID AH — SR AFB» ARB BEAT EEE HAH ARLELERBLALBL AMAR EARETASH IR? 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