Thornthwaite model

THORNTHWAITE-TYPE MONTHLY WATER-BALANCE MODEL

modified from Dingman 2001: ex. 7-13, Box 7-3 using ET model of Hamon (1963)
Input Data Computed Values

Location: Montreal, PQ Lat. = 48.0 degree SOILmax = 100 mm

0.84 rad
Declination (deg) -21.3 -13.3 -2.0 9.8 18.9 23.3 21.3 13.7 3.0 -9.0 -18.6 -23.3
Declination (rad) -0.37 -0.23 -0.03 0.17 0.33 0.41 0.37 0.24 0.05 -0.16 -0.32 -0.41
DayLength (hr)* 8.6 10.0 11.7 13.5 15.0 15.8 15.4 14.1 12.4 10.6 9.1 8.2
*For lat. > 66.5, replace #NUM! with 24 in summer; 0 in winter.
MONTHLY WATER BALANCE DATA
Temperatures in C, water-balance terms in mm.
Month: J F M A M J J A S O N D Year
================ ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ====
PPT 80 71 75 77 75 87 93 92 87 79 93 91 1000
TEMP -8.9 -7.6 -1.4 6.7 13.6 19.1 21.6 20.4 15.8 10.1 2.9 -5.7
F 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.48 0.00
RAIN 0 0 0 77 75 87 93 92 87 79 45 0 635
SNOW 80 71 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 91 365
PACK 196 267 342 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 116
MELT 0 0 0 342 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 365
INPUT (Wm) 0 0 0 419 75 87 93 92 87 79 68 0 1000
PET 0 0 0 44 75 111 125 107 72 43 23 0 599
Wm - PET 0 0 0 375 0 -24 -32 -15 15 36 45 0
SOIL 100 100 100 100 100 79 57 49 65 100 100 100
DSOIL 0 0 0 0 0 -21 -22 -8 15 35 0 0
AET 0 0 0 44 75 108 115 100 72 43 23 0 579
SURP=W-AET-DSOIL 0 0 0 375 0 0 0 0 0 1 45 0 421
DEFIC=PET-AET 0 0 0 0 0 3 11 7 0 0 0 0 20

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NOTE: do NOT alter cells on this page… They are calculated automatically from the spreadsheet model.

Month PPT PACK Wm = PPT+MELTSOIL PET AET SURP=W-AET-DSOIL

jan 80 196 0 100 0 0 0
feb 71 267 0 100 0 0 0
mar 75 342 0 100 0 0 0
apr 77 0 ### 100 44 44 375
may 75 0 75 ### 75 75 0
jun 87 0 87 ### 111 108 0
jul 93 0 93 ### 125 115 0
aug 92 0 92 ### 107 100 0
sep 87 0 87 ### 72 72 0
oct 79 0 79 100 43 43 1
nov 93 25 ### 100 23 23 45
dec 91 116 0 100 0 0 0
preadsheet model.
 ANNUAL WATER BALANCE FOR [click to INSERT LOCATION]
by: [click to INSERT NAME, STUDENT #]
450
PPT
PACK
400 W
SOIL
350 AET
SURP
PET
300 DEFIC
AMOUNT (mm)

250

200

150

100

50

0
jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec

MONTH
 blank model template

THORNTHWAITE-TYPE MONTHLY WATER-BALANCE MODEL

(modified from Dingman 2001: ex. 7-13, Box 7-3 using ET model of Hamon (1963))
Input Data Computed Values

Location: Lat. = 48.0 degree SOILmax = 100 mm

0.84 rad
Declination (deg -21.3 -13.3 -2.0 9.8 18.9 23.3 21.3 13.7 3.0 -9.0 -18.6 -23.3
Declination (rad -0.37 -0.23 -0.03 0.17 0.33 0.41 0.37 0.24 0.05 -0.16 -0.32 -0.41
DayLength (hr)* 8.6 10.0 11.7 13.5 15.0 15.8 15.4 14.1 12.4 10.6 9.1 8.2
*For lat. > 66.5, replace #NUM! with 24 in summer; 0 in winter.
WATER BALANCE
Temperatures in C, water-balance terms in mm.
Month: J F M A M J J A S O N D Year
========= ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ====
PPT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TEMP 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
F 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
RAIN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SNOW 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PACK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MELT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
INPUT (Wm) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W - PET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SOIL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
/\SOIL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W-ET-/\SOIL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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 N. AMERICA data

AVERAGE MONTHLY PRECIPITATION (mm) AND TEMPERATURE (C)

(modified from Dingman 2001: ex. 7-13, Box 7-3)
Data fromNORTH & CENTRAL AMERICA

Data format:
Location Lat (deg) Long (deg)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
PPT (mm)PPT PPT PPT PPT PPT PPT PPT PPT PPT PPT PPT
TEMP (C) TEMP TEMP TEMP TEMP TEMP TEMP TEMP TEMP TEMP TEMP TEMP

Abilene, TX 32.5 -99.8

22 28 26 58 110 68 58 37 53 72 28 32
7.1 9.1 12.8 17.9 22.1 26.8 28.4 28.3 24.4 19.0 11.7 7.8

Albany, NY 42.7 -73.8

64 57 73 74 92 95 109 84 102 72 74 69
-3.5 -2.9 2.1 9.1 15.5 20.6 23.3 22.1 17.6 11.7 5.4 -1.4

Albuquerque, NM 35.1 -106.7

10 10 12 12 19 14 30 34 24 19 10 12
1.7 4.4 7.9 13.2 18.4 23.8 25.8 24.8 21.4 14.7 6.7 2.8

Alpena, MI 45.1 -83.5

50 41 51 67 74 68 73 77 92 61 60 47
-6.8 -7.4 -3.5 3.9 10.3 15.9 18.8 18.1 13.3 7.9 1.4 -4.4

Asheville, NC 35.5 -82.5

81 77 95 81 73 89 109 92 71 63 56 74
4.3 4.8 7.9 13.3 18.0 22.1 23.6 23.1 19.9 14.2 8.1 4.4

Barrow, AK 71.3 -156.0

5 4 3 3 3 9 20 23 16 13 6 4
-26.8 -27.9 -25.9 -17.7 -7.6 0.6 3.9 3.3 -0.8 -8.6 -18.2 -24.0

Birmingham, AL 33.5 -86.8

128 134 152 114 87 102 131 123 85 75 90 128
8.1 9.3 12.5 17.3 22.1 26.3 27.6 27.3 24.6 18.7 11.8 8.5

Bismarck, ND 46.8 -100.8

11 11 20 31 50 86 56 44 30 22 15 9
-12.8 -10.8 -3.8 6.1 13.0 18.1 22.3 21.0 14.8 7.9 -2.0 -8.4

Boise, ID 43.6 -116.2

34 34 34 29 33 23 5 4 10 21 30 34
-1.9 1.1 5.1 9.9 14.3 18.2 23.7 22.3 17.3 11.4 3.9 0.1

Boston, MA 42.3 -71.1

114 95 115 102 88 95 83 103 100 95 115 101
-2.8 -2.6 1.6 7.6 13.7 18.4 21.6 20.8 16.9 11.5 5.6 -1.1

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 N. AMERICA data

Bozeman, MT 45.7 -111.0

23 19 39 44 59 75 29 30 40 36 27 22
-6.5 -4.6 -1.1 5.7 10.7 14.3 19.1 18.3 13.2 7.8 -0.1 -3.7

Brownsville, TX 25.9 -97.5

34 38 26 39 60 75 43 70 127 90 34 44
16.3 17.8 19.9 23.3 26.1 28.2 28.9 28.9 27.3 24.4 19.8 17.2

Chicago, IL 41.8 -87.6

47 41 70 77 95 103 86 80 69 71 56 48
-3.3 -2.3 2.4 9.5 15.6 21.5 24.3 23.6 19.1 13.0 4.4 -1.6

Chihuahua, Mexico 28.6 -106.1

4 3 3 5 10 51 88 79 52 14 4 5
9.4 11.6 15.3 20.5 24.3 26.6 25.7 24.4 22.3 19.1 14.3 10.6

Churchill, Canada 58.8 -94.2

14 13 18 24 28 40 49 58 52 40 40 20
-27.6 -26.7 -20.3 -11.0 -2.3 6.1 12.0 11.5 5.7 -1.0 -11.9 -21.8

Cincinnati, OH 39.1 -84.5

93 71 99 92 97 106 91 83 69 57 75 70
0.9 1.7 5.9 12.3 17.9 23.0 24.9 24.3 20.6 14.4 7.0 1.8

Denver, CO 39.7 -105.0

12 16 27 47 61 32 31 28 23 24 16 10
0.3 1.4 4.0 9.2 14.3 20.1 23.6 22.8 18.1 12.1 5.1 2.1

Dodge City, KS 37.7 -100.0

14 18 29 47 82 77 59 60 39 36 16 12
-0.5 1.7 5.4 12.0 17.6 23.6 26.8 26.2 21.3 14.6 6.0 1.5

Edmonton, Canada 53.5 -113.8

25 20 17 23 37 75 83 72 36 19 19 21
-14.7 -10.5 -5.4 4.0 10.9 14.7 17.5 15.9 10.9 5.4 -4.2 -10.7

Ely, NV 39.3 -114.9

20 18 22 24 22 13 17 12 14 19 15 17
-5.1 -3.0 0.8 5.9 10.2 14.8 19.7 18.9 14.2 7.7 0.9 -2.9

Fairbanks, AK 64.8 -147.8

23 13 10 6 18 35 47 56 28 22 15 14
-23.9 -19.4 -12.8 -1.4 8.4 14.7 15.4 12.4 6.4 -3.2 -15.6 -22.1

Gander, Canada 49.0 -54.5

94 101 97 85 62 76 78 101 84 95 107 98
-6.1 -6.3 -3.6 0.8 6.3 11.4 16.5 15.8 11.8 6.3 1.9 -3.4

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 N. AMERICA data

Guatemala City, Guatemala 14.6 -90.5

3 2 7 19 141 265 211 187 257 159 23 7
16.3 17.0 18.4 19.5 19.6 18.7 18.5 18.7 18.3 17.7 16.7 16.3

Habana, Cuba 22.9 -82.3

54 42 53 55 104 137 108 116 160 165 79 56
21.8 22.1 23.1 24.4 25.5 26.5 27.0 27.2 26.7 25.5 23.6 22.3

LaPaz, Mexico 24.0 -110.3

7 6 2 0 0 0 8 35 34 9 0 17
17.1 18.2 19.0 21.7 23.4 25.6 28.9 29.1 28.5 26.1 22.4 18.9

Los Angeles, CA 34.0 -118.3

78 85 57 30 4 2 0 1 6 10 27 73
13.2 13.9 15.2 16.6 18.2 20.0 22.8 22.8 22.2 19.7 17.1 14.6

Macon, GA 32.8 -83.7

86 108 125 95 84 85 143 106 70 51 62 103
9.6 10.6 13.8 18.7 23.3 27.1 27.7 27.4 24.7 19.0 13.0 9.4

Memphis, TN 35.1 -90.1

148 116 124 117 102 92 87 67 71 73 106 119
5.6 7.1 11.0 16.8 21.7 26.2 27.6 27.3 23.9 18.2 11.0 6.7

Miami, FL 25.8 -80.2

52 47 58 99 164 187 171 177 241 209 72 42
19.4 19.9 21.4 23.4 25.3 27.1 27.7 27.9 27.4 25.4 22.4 20.1

Merida, Mexico 20.9 -81.6

31 23 17 21 82 141 133 143 173 97 34 32
23.0 23.8 25.7 27.2 27.9 27.7 27.3 27.4 27.1 26.0 24.2 23.1

Mexico City, Mexico 19.5 -99.0

8 5 10 23 55 118 160 145 129 49 17 6
12.1 13.8 16.1 17.1 17.4 17.0 15.9 15.9 15.6 14.7 13.3 12.2

Minneapolis, MN 45.0 -93.3

18 20 39 47 81 102 83 81 62 40 36 22
-10.9 -9.1 -2.6 6.8 14.1 19.3 22.4 21.1 15.8 9.4 -0.4 -7.7

Montreal, Canada 45.5 -73.6

80 71 75 77 75 87 93 92 87 79 93 91
-8.9 -7.6 -1.4 6.7 13.6 19.1 21.6 20.4 15.8 10.1 2.9 -5.7

Moosonee, Canada 51.3 -80.7

46 44 42 42 70 88 90 84 83 72 73 50
-20.2 -18.1 -11.9 -2.3 5.4 11.8 15.5 14.4 10.0 4.7 -4.3 -15.3

New Orleans, LA 30.0 -90.0

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 N. AMERICA data

98 101 136 116 111 113 171 136 128 72 85 104

12.3 13.4 15.8 19.4 23.3 26.4 27.3 27.4 25.4 21.1 15.3 12.7

New York, NY 40.7 -74.0

84 72 102 87 93 84 94 113 98 80 86 83
0.7 0.8 4.7 10.8 16.9 21.9 24.9 23.9 20.3 14.6 8.3 2.2

Norman Wells, Canada 65.4 -127.0

21 17 12 14 15 37 56 62 34 25 22 19
-28.7 -26.6 -18.9 -7.4 5.1 13.7 16.1 13.2 5.8 -4.1 -18.1 -25.9

Oklahoma City, OK 35.5 -97.5

33 35 50 79 132 114 60 64 77 64 40 36
2.5 4.9 8.9 14.9 19.7 24.7 27.2 27.4 22.9 16.9 8.8 4.3

Omaha, NE 41.3 -96.0

21 24 37 65 88 115 86 101 67 44 32 20
-5.4 -3.1 2.7 10.9 17.2 22.8 25.8 24.6 19.4 13.2 3.8 -2.1

Pensacola, FL 30.4 -87.2

109 108 161 141 113 133 192 193 180 89 86 106
12.3 13.3 15.7 19.5 23.7 26.9 27.7 27.8 25.8 21.3 15.4 12.8

Philadelphia, PA 40.0 -75.2

84 71 97 86 95 103 106 118 88 71 86 75
0.2 0.7 5.0 11.1 17.0 21.7 24.2 23.1 19.3 13.2 6.8 1.1

Phoenix, AZ 35.5 -112.0

19 22 17 8 3 2 20 28 19 12 12 22
10.4 12.5 15.8 20.4 25.0 29.8 32.9 31.7 29.1 22.3 15.1 11.4

Pittsburgh, PA 40.5 -80.0

72 59 89 86 95 100 91 89 68 64 59 65
0.7 0.8 4.7 11.2 17.2 22.2 24.3 23.3 19.6 13.4 6.9 1.7

Portland, OR 45.5 -123.7

136 107 97 53 51 42 10 17 41 92 135 162
3.6 5.6 7.8 11.0 14.1 16.7 19.6 19.2 16.8 12.3 7.3 5.2

Puerto Armuelles, Panama 8.3 -82.9

41 46 60 107 218 263 207 300 302 427 267 122
25.4 25.9 26.4 26.4 26.0 25.3 25.4 25.3 25.3 25.0 24.9 25.1

Rapid City, SD 44.0 -103.2

13 11 23 42 69 76 39 35 26 21 10 9
-5.6 -4.4 -0.5 6.9 13.2 18.3 23.2 22.2 16.4 10.0 1.7 -2.7

Sacramento, CA 38.6 -121.5

81 76 60 36 15 3 0 1 5 20 37 82

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 N. AMERICA data

7.9 10.1 12.4 15.5 18.9 22.5 25.2 24.5 23.1 18.3 12.4 8.6

Saint Louis, MO 38.7 -90.3

50 52 78 94 95 109 84 77 70 73 65 50
-0.1 1.8 6.2 13.0 18.7 24.2 26.4 25.4 21.1 14.9 6.7 1.6

Salina Cruz, Mexico 16.2 -95.2

4 3 1 3 56 266 166 253 246 94 8 2
25.4 25.7 26.7 28.2 29.2 28.0 28.5 28.4 27.4 26.5 26.5 27.2

Salt Lake City, UT 40.8 -111.9

34 30 40 45 36 25 15 22 13 29 33 31
-2.1 0.6 4.7 9.9 14.7 19.4 24.7 23.6 18.3 11.5 3.4 -0.2

San Francisco, CA 37.8 -122.5

102 88 68 33 12 3 0 1 5 19 40 104
9.2 10.5 11.8 13.2 14.6 16.2 17.1 17.1 17.7 15.8 12.7 10.1

San Juan, Puerto Rico 18.5 -66.2

83 49 56 78 165 143 150 146 141 149 158 110
24.5 24.5 25.1 25.7 26.6 27.2 27.5 27.7 27.6 27.2 26.1 25.2

Saskatoon, SK Canada 52.2 106.7

15.2   10.3   14.7   23.9   49.4   61.1   60.1   38.8   30.7   16.7   13.3   15.9
-17   -13.0   -5.8   4.4   11.5   16.0   18.2   17.3   11.2   4.5   -6.2   -14.3
**RENTER THESE DATA FOR S04… formatting of cells doesn't allow cut/paste like other locaitons
Schefferville, Canada 54.9 -67.0
41 37 37 35 45 79 89 98 83 70 64 46
-22.7 -21.2 -14.8 -6.9 0.9 8.5 12.6 10.8 5.6 -0.9 -8.7 -18.1

Spokane, WA 47.7 -117.4

62 47 38 23 31 38 10 10 19 40 57 62
-3.7 -1.1 3.4 8.5 13.2 16.3 20.8 19.7 15.5 9.2 1.8 -1.3

Tegucigalpa, Honduras 14.0 -87.3

11 5 8 30 154 154 86 90 186 137 38 12
19.4 21.1 21.9 23.1 23.2 22.3 21.9 22.1 22.0 21.4 20.2 19.3

Toronto, Canada 43.7 -79.4

62 57 66 67 73 63 81 67 61 61 67 64
-4.4 -3.8 0.6 7.6 13.2 19.2 21.8 21.1 17.0 11.2 4.8 -1.8

Vancouver, Canada 49.3 -123.1

147 117 94 61 47 45 30 37 61 122 141 165
2.4 4.4 5.8 8.9 12.4 15.3 17.4 17.1 14.2 10.1 6.1 3.8

Victoria, BC (Oak Bay - Gonzale 48.4 -123.3

111 74 47 30 19 20 13 21 33 63 96 119
4.6 6.2 7.3 9.1 11.8 13.8 15.3 15.6 14.2 10.8 7.1 5

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 N. AMERICA data

Victoria, BC (Airport) 48.6 -123.4

141 99 72 42 33 27 18 24 37 74 139 152
3.4 4.8 6.1 8.4 11.4 14.3 16.2 16.2 13.8 9.7 6 3.8

Washington, DC 38.8 -77.0

82 70 92 90 103 97 107 107 101 83 78 77
2.7 3.2 7.1 13.2 18.8 23.4 25.7 24.7 20.9 15.0 8.7 3.4

Whitehorse, Canada 60.7 -135.0

19 14 15 11 13 29 33 36 29 20 22 20
-18.9 -13.2 -7.7 -0.1 7.1 12.4 14.1 12.3 7.8 0.7 -9.0 -15.8

Winnipeg, Canada 49.9 -97.0

24 19 26 37 57 80 80 74 53 35 27 23
-18.3 -15.7 -8.1 3.3 10.6 16.5 19.7 18.7 12.6 6.6 -4.4 -13.7

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