Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Saba Zare, Jake Rabinowitz, Hessam Izadkhah, Sivasubramanian Somu, and Carmine Vittoria
Citation: Applied Physics Letters 106, 193502 (2015); doi: 10.1063/1.4921079
View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4921079
View Table of Contents: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/106/19?ver=pdfcov
Published by the AIP Publishing
Articles you may be interested in
Note: Resonance magnetoelectric interactions in laminate of FeCuNbSiB and multilayer piezoelectric stack for
magnetic sensor
Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86, 096109 (2015); 10.1063/1.4931679
Magnetoelectric sensor excitations in hexaferrite slabs
J. Appl. Phys. 117, 214506 (2015); 10.1063/1.4922125
Effects of cobalt substitutions on the magnetoelectric coupling of M-type hexaferrite films
Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 142905 (2015); 10.1063/1.4916102
First observation of magnetoelectric effect in M-type hexaferrite thin films
J. Appl. Phys. 113, 17C710 (2013); 10.1063/1.4795721
Room temperature magnetoelectric effects in bulk poly-crystalline materials of M- and Z-type hexaferrites
J. Appl. Phys. 113, 17C703 (2013); 10.1063/1.4793606
This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AIP content is subject to the terms at: http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. Downloaded to IP:
155.33.16.124 On: Tue, 29 Sep 2015 01:18:57
(Received 2 December 2014; accepted 2 May 2015; published online 12 May 2015)
We developed techniques for H- and E-field sensors utilizing single phase magnetoelectric (ME)
hexaferrite thin films in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 10 MHz. The technique incorporating solenoid coils and multi-capacitors bank was developed to probe the physics and properties of ME hexaferrite film and explore ME effects for sensor detections and tunable device applications. For
H-field sensing, we obtained sensitivity of 4 104 V/Gm and for E-field sensing the sensitivity
was 103 Gm/V. Tunability of up to 6% was achieved for tunable inductor applications. The proposed fabrication designs lend themselves to significant (106) improvements in sensitivity and
C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4921079]
tunability. V
Recently, bulk single phase magnetoelectric (ME) hexaferrites18 have exhibited high ME coupling, a, at room temperature. Thin films of ME hexaferrites exhibiting high a
values were recently deposited by Mohebbi and Vittoria.9 The
ME effect implies that the application of a magnetic field, H,
induces an electric polarization, P, and in the converse case
applying an electric field, E, magnetization, M, in the material
is induced. The required voltages to generate sufficient E
fields to induce measurable ME effects in bulk slabs may be
low (10 V) for E normal to the slab plane, but relatively
high (1 KV) for E in the slab plane. However, for ME films
the required voltages to induce measurable ME effects is very
high for any direction of E, unless voltages can be applied
only across the film thickness. This means that a buffer conductive layer10 needs to be deposited between substrate and
ME film. The problem is further exacerbated by the fact that
interfacial effects between substrate and film degrade the
quality of the film10 and, therefore, reduce the ME coupling a.
As such, we have opted to apply E fields in the plane of a ME
film in order to maintain film quality as high as possible. In
order to reduce required voltages to generate E fields to
induce measurable ME effects in films, we have developed a
technique to apply E fields in the film plane. The technique
involves the deposition of N parallel metallic strips separated
by a distance d so that there are N 1 capacitors connected in
series over the surface of the film. The voltage is applied
equally across each capacitor and, therefore, the E field is uniform in the film plane. Clearly, as d decreases, the required
voltage to generate the necessary E fields is lowered as well.
In this paper, we explore the technique from 1 kHz to
10 MHz for the purpose of investigating potential applications
using ME films for magnetic field and electric field sensors or
any tunable devices. Potential applications include biomedical
applications, such as Magnetoencephalography (MEG) or
Magnetocardiography (MCG),11,12 for example. Two types of
experimental techniques have been designed and implemented
for testing. In the first technique, we refer to it as a direct
method, an ac magnetic field, H, generated via a solenoid
coil, induced an electric field, E, or polarization, P. These
induced E fields are measured via a multi-capacitor detection
0003-6951/2015/106(19)/193502/4/$30.00
106, 193502-1
This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AIP content is subject to the terms at: http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. Downloaded to IP:
155.33.16.124 On: Tue, 29 Sep 2015 01:18:57
193502-2
Zare et al.
FIG. 1. (a) Schematic of the ME sensor with parallel electrodes on top of the
ME hexaferrite film; (b) voltage divider (detecting circuit) and the equivalent circuit model of the parallel strips configuration after connecting to the
metallic strips in the plane of the ME film with directions of hex, Ed, Pd,S, e,
and m. R 100 kX, Ro 10 kX.
This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AIP content is subject to the terms at: http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. Downloaded to IP:
155.33.16.124 On: Tue, 29 Sep 2015 01:18:57
193502-3
Zare et al.
n 2000=m:
FIG. 3. The gain of the sensor, output voltage on the solenoid coil divided
by the applied voltage on each small capacitor between two electrodes.
This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AIP content is subject to the terms at: http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. Downloaded to IP:
155.33.16.124 On: Tue, 29 Sep 2015 01:18:57
193502-4
Zare et al.
This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AIP content is subject to the terms at: http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. Downloaded to IP:
155.33.16.124 On: Tue, 29 Sep 2015 01:18:57