Africa Notes

Colonialism

Africa is made up of many _________________________

_____________ meeting in ___________________________________ to figure out how to split up Africa

_______ European countries

Ottoman Empire

USA

No ________________invited

Take ___________________________________
o

Sell products made from resources back to _____________________

____________________________in the past

Colonies
o

________________________, _______________________, and ___________________________ set up

governments like their own in Africa take over government without education or
training for Africans

_______________________ tries to make Africans citizens and equal

_______________________ allow Africans to run small local governments, but not major
decisions

After ________________ most colonies gain independence

o

___________________ dont take into account different groups of people that dont always
get along

War and ___________________________

Europeans took all of the resources and ____________

Didnt train anyone on what to do before _______________________

North Africa

Egypt
o

Ancient civilization and empire

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

Cairo = ________________________________

Trade between __________ continents

Nile River = ______________ miles long

Around _________________________ people = ___________________ people per mile

Farming around the river delta by ___________________________

Surrounded by the Libyan and Arabian Deserts = ___________________________

Open air markets for selling goods - _____________________________

__________________________ is official language

__________________________ is official religion

Suez Canal opens in _____________ to connect Mediterranean and Red Sea

Exports:

___________________________

___________________________

___________________________

Lose educated people to ________________________________________

Libya & The Maghreb

o

____________________________ = land farther West

________________________________________________ = hot sunny summers and cool rainy

winters

Sahara desert to the ____________________________

_____________________________ Empire

Both have huge amounts of ________________

_____________________ imported from central Asia

Can survive without much ______________________

___________________________ travel over sand well

Caravans

Export: __________________

Import: salt, slaves, ivory, gold, feathers, and wild animals

Arab armies invade in __________________ = Arabic language and Islamic language

Modern Day Libya

______________ is main export and money maker

Colonel _______________________________________________ takes over for decades

____________________ and _______________

Close bars and nightclubs

Redistribute wealth equally

Ban blue jeans for men and pants/short skirts for women

Islamic religious law

Terrorist activity

Algeria
o

Throws off French control = _____________________________ French colonists leave

Locals not __________________________ programs started locally for help

___________ industry gives few jobs

___________________ encouraged

Military vs. Islamic __________________________________

Tunisia & Morocco

o

No large ________ reserves = concentrate on education

All education is _____________, even college

Clothing export to ________________________

Industry slowly growing

Rural Life
o

Mud or stone ____________________

__________________ must be carried in, sometimes from miles away

Mostly _________________________

Rest in the afternoon when the sun is too hot

Nomads

Urban Life
o

Mosque Medinas Souks

Cities growing too fast

West and Central Africa

The Sahel
o

Between the ________________________________ and ______________________________________

The people migrated here when the tropical Sahara changed to desert

Senegal and Niger __________________

Made money by ____________________________________

________________________ culture

Shifting agriculture is leading to ___________________________________

________________________ = millet, sorghum, and peanuts

Herding of camels, cattle, and sheep = _________________________ =

_________________________ = ______________________________________________

____________________ cut off towns like snow does here

3 goals:

Withstand harsh environment

Develop natural resources

Make most of human resources (man power)

The Coastal Country

o

Wetter climate with adequate ______________________ = better farming and growth of

_______________

Access to the __________________

Export peanuts, cocoa beans, iron ore, ________________________

More imports than exports = _____________________________________

__________________________________________ take over each other for power

Try to install ______________________________ governments, but usually unsuccessful

Traditional roles

_______________________ are farmers and run markets

Children help with ______________

Animism and ancestor worship for ________________________

____________________________ growing too fast

Nigeria
o

Twice the size of _______________________________ with the most varied climate

______________________ is the official language, but 180 different languages are spoken
there

Over ________________________________ people (1/7 of African population)

_______________________ and ____________________ industry

Oil

______________________ governments

Central Africa

Congo/Zaire River ________ miles long

o

Basin itself is ____________________ square miles

Cataracts (waterfalls)

_______________________________

Mahogany, ebony, walnut, and iroko

Natural barrier that has always been hard to cross

Kinshasa main city

o

_________________________________ people

Larger than ____________________

We never hear about it

Old tribal culture meets modern day

Many renewable resources

o

Hydroelectric power from dams =

__________________________________________________________

____________________________ = lumber, animal habitat, carbon dioxide absorbed

Nonrenewable resources
o

________________, ______________________, ____________________________

Southeast Africa

Kenya
o

Population of ____________________________

Lake __________________________

Mount _____________________________

__________________________ and ________________________ people

British rule brought ________________________ and white settlers

__________________________ is large city

___________________________ rebellion removes British

Good farms in ____________________________

Coffee

Tea

Pyrethrum

Flowers, fruits, veggies

Must import wheat to _____________________________

_____________________________ language

Slowly becoming better by working together

Djibouti
o

Strategic _________________________

______________________ military base

A lot of ________________________________

Ethiopia
o

____________________ Established country

Civil war and war with neighbors = ____________________________________

New country forms from = ___________________________

Eritrea
o

_____________________________ country in Africa

Over ____________ political parties

Capital is ______________________

_______________________________ rebuilt to run on old railroad gives them the ability to

move resources

New building projects

Somalia
o

________________________ due to civil war, drought, and border wars

______________________________________ blocked by war

Sudan
o

____________________________ nation in Africa

desert, clay plains, and swamp

__________________________ to the North, __________________________ to the South = war!

Sudanese lost boys

Uganda

Plateau with fertile soils

______________________ and _______________________

_____________________________ = dictator that killed or made 300,000 people disappear

in 1970s

Now a democracy with a ____________________________

Rwanda and Burundi

o

Ethnocracies

__________________ and ______________________ people Hotel Rwanda

Tanzania
o

Mount ________________________________

Fertile soils, iron, coal, and diamonds

___________ poorest country

Failed ____________________________

Corn and cotton

South Africa

South Africa
o

____________________________ and _________________________________country in Africa

White minority ruled for years

Dutch, French, Germans = _____________________________

Oppression

Blacks work on _________________________

_______ black population becomes minority

White people scared of black people _________________________

Corn, wheat, fruits

Gold and diamonds

Blacks ordered to live on ____________________________ or reservations and not allowed

to leave

Apartheid

Nelson Mandela

Imprisoned for _______ years for speaking out

Becomes a leader of the African National Congress ____________________________

Becomes South Africas first black president in _____________.

New _______________________ in 1996 = equal quality of housing, health care, water,

food, and education

Malawi and Botswana

o

Many _________________________________ that labor in South Africa

_____________ soil and water

Diamonds, copper, coal, beef cattle

Angola and Mozambique

o

Once ___________________________ colonies

_______________________ government at war with a group called ___________________

War causes __________________________

Zambezi River gives __________________________________________________

Zambia and Zimbabwe (Rhodesia)

o

880 million tons of ____________________ on reserve

Less than _________________________ of land good for farming, drought common

Corn, cotton, tobacco