Afterload

Amount of resistance the ventricle has to contract against during ejection

PVR (R side) 120-250 dynes/sec
SVR (L side) 800-1200 dynes/sec

Cardiac Index

Relation of cardiac output from the left ventricle in one minute to body surface area
(BSA), thus relating heart performance to the size of the individual
2.5-4.0 L/min/m2

Cardiac Output (HR x SV)

Volume of blood pumped by the heart each minute

4-8 L/min

Central Venous Pressure (CVP)

Pressure of the blood in the vena cava, near the right atrium of the heart. Reflects the
amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood
into the arterial system.
2-6 mmHg

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) (SBP + 2DBP)/3

Estimates perfusion pressure in the aorta and its major branches

70-100 mmHg

Preload

Volume and pressure right before ventricular contraction.

CVP (R atrial pressure)
4-8 mmHg
PCWP (L side)
4-12 mmHg

Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP)

Pressure created by the pulmonary system on the pulmonary pressures

Systolic
15-30
Diastolic
6-12

Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP)

Pressure created by the volume of blood in left heart

8-12 mmHg

Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)

Resistance against the right ventricle to eject a volume of blood

20-120 dynes/sec

Stroke Volume (SV)

Amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each contraction
60-130 mL/beat

Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)

Resistance the left ventricle must overcome to eject a volume of blood

Increases with vasoconstriction, decreases with vasodilation
770-1500 dynes/sec