RAMANUJAN CONTEST ~ INTER LEVEL, SCREENING TRST-2010 (Mathematical Olympiad: XI & XI Standards) ‘The number of polynomial functions f of degree > 1 satisfying S(a*) = (f(2))? = FF) is (ayo (By (2 Solution: (D) infinitely many Let degree of f(2) be n deg of (22) = 2 eg of (F(2))? deg of S(f(2)) = nt 2n iff n= 0 or 2. But n>1 Degree of f(x) = 2 Since {(22) = (f(x))?. if the leading coelficient is a then the cooffcient of 2 in the LHS is a and in the RHS is a? n asa > a (a not admissible) F(x) a +br te Sa?) = 2 + be? bem (f(e))! = (a8 + be +o)? = tt the 4 ba? + Der? ++ Bho This 30=2% — b=0 Pie ‘The only function is f(x) = 2? Answer: (B). ‘Two circles touch internally at A and APQ is a chord which cuts them in P and Q, The tangent at P meets the other circle at H and K. If HQ =201lem, then KQ is equal to (in em) as (A) 4011. (B) 22011) (C) 1005.5 (D) none of these Solution: Let AT be the common tangent at A. Join AK Let it inect the smaller cirele at L. ZTAP = ZPLA in the smaller circle. ZQAT = ZTAP = ZQKA in the bigger circle, ZPLA Hence QK || PL. [As KP js transversal to the parallel lines QK and P ZQKP=0 = ZKPL~= ZPAL langle in alternate segment, as KPH is tangent to inner circle = €QAK = ZQHK In AQKH, 2QKH = ZQUK QH = QK = 2011 Answer: (D) 3, The number of real roots of the equation L+r-+2?+29 = aya ayo (Ba (3 @): Solution: . (+2)+a%+a) = 242) G+z)+s-2'] = 0ve+1 ea af 3 real roots —1,44/ YS}, [541 Answer: (C) 4. (1,0), (3,0), (3.5), (1,4) are the vertices of a quadrilateral ‘The equation of the line through the origin which divides the quadrilateral into two parts of equal area is Auf the tapean APQD i 2 Equation of OQP is y= mx say Pis(3,3m) — Q is (1,m) RSRES REESE SEESESEnnae Sennnnae = a 3 x 7 = Area of APQD °4m eqn to line is y Answer: (A) 5. The number of pairs (a,b) of positive integers that satisfy the equation ab— 24 = 2a is (wo 2 @es (8 Solution: ab-20 = 2% a(b—2) = 24 Possibilities: a=1 b-2=24 (a,b) =(1,26) b-2=12 (@,)=(2,14) a=2 b-2-8 (a,b) (3,10) a=4 b-2=6 (a,8)=(4,8) a=6 b-2=4 (a,8)=(6,6) b-2=3 (a,b) = (8,5) b-2=2 (@b)= (124) a=24 b-2=1 (a,b) = (24,3) Answer : (D) Note: The number of integer factors of 24 = 2 x 31 is 4x2=8. For each factor of 24 assigned to a, we get an integer solution for b. Hence 8 solutions.6. The wae of 9 eerie * be ®) © ©) Solution: oa AVEFT + (k + 1)VE WET re (ks VE ~AVEFT HeeD) 1 Une Answer : (D) 7. Let (fq) be a sequence defined by ft = f2 = 1 and Suva = Just + Ju for n > 1. ‘Thon tho area of the triangle with side lengths V/Fani1, /Fania Fins is (ayy (B) 5 (ort (2 Soluti Due to the condition given (Vana)? = (Fina)? + (Fania)? Tho triangle with the given sides is sight angled trian Tis area is 5 VFanifinva+ But this goes unbounded as becomes larger and larger. Hence none of the 4 choices given fit the solution. Note: It could be modified as thy area of the smallest such triangle. Then the answor will be 5 = 5V/Ai fa In triangle ABC, AB = 205 AC = 2 and BC = 29 D\E lie on BC. such that BD =8,EC = 9. The angle DAE is equal to (a) 30° (B) 60° i . (©) 45° (D) 15° Solution: 20% = 202} 21° ; ZBAC = 90° BD-8 FO=a ZCAD ZBAD BE 1 ) Solution: Fe M9 Le P(x? +23 +1 @— , = 0 forall z 40 2% +2°41 has only complex conjugate roots (3 pairs) x! +2341 is always positive for all real x40 Hence the given expression is non-negative from (1) and (2) Answer: (A) a (2) U1. The number of real values of z such that {(x-+1)%} = 2° where (x} = 2 ~ [a] is (Ajo (By oa {(@+1)5} Q) (+13 = a4 > 28432743241 = hhas imaginary roots. ‘No real solution. (2) (@+1)9 = 1429 = 3°43 =0- 2=00r-1 alone is acceptable. First Solution. (8) (e+ 1)9=2+4 29 = 327+ 32-1 = 0-97 = =8T (D6 Solution: Clearly 0 < <1 as 2° is the fractional part of =a) => 30° 43241 =0 0 We can_accept only the positive value for x. BVA second Solution (4) (e418 =3 429 3 32 + 3r— O(ie.)2 = = a ‘alone is acceptable. Third Solution. (5) (@41)8 = 4409 3 3224823 = OLe,) 2 = 4S = Again 2 = LEYS uiyt Fourth Solution (© (41> =5423 oa = SBE state Pith Stn (7) (e+ 18642 325 Sith Solution For (¢+1) = 7-+2" onwards positive x value is greater than or equal to 1. Not acceptable. Hence six solutions. Answer + (D) 12. The sum of all real roots of the equation 2+ 75ny = 2010 (A) 2010 Solution: (B) 4010 (©) 1005 (yo fay=e+ f(z) is negative for x < 1. f(z) is undefined for -1<2<1 fla) is positive for = > 1Jim $(@) = 00 As 00 as x + 00, ‘again f(x) takes the value 2010 when is much greater than V2. So the given equations has only real roots. 2010-2 (2010 ~ 2)?2? ~ (2010 2) 2+ (201U~ 2)? = (2010~2)fa* If & satisfies this equation then clearly (2010~:) also satisfies this equation. As it has only 2.1eal roots, sum of the real roots Which are of the form a, 2010 ~ a is 2010. Answer: (A) 13, @,6>0. The maximum value of the expression Vala tt + VFR (+B) 1 (Bs Oy w) 2 Solution: Using Canchy-Schuses inoquality for Valet, w/ESH ie, (a+ bVa? Fab, WVaTTH we get (take 2) = a+b, B= VEE y= VE Fab yy =b in C-S inequality) YETI + WTTE STEPS Vee aE and we have 2ab < a? + 63 V3 (Vala IR + oat R) < 20? sab +02) 2 (a? +b) + 2ab 3 (a? 48?) n (VaGFHE +P) 5 = ore Si _ the maximum value of the expression is J; and it occurs when @=0 Answer: (C) Note: Let rijra.-+ yam and yiytesc+ stn be 2 sets of 7 numbers, Cauchy-Schwarz inequality states that Law| s (C2) (Ew). ality holds when 2 = 2 rt mo Me Un 14. The edge of the greatest cube that can be eut out of a right ‘cone, 10 em high and Gem in diameter at the base, the base of, the cube to coincide with the base of the cone is (A) 2.978 (B) 2.897 (©) 2789 (D) 2.998 Solution: ABCDEFGH is the inscribed cube. Note EG and FH are diameters of the eross-sectional cixcle at a height ‘a from the base of the cone whore @ is the side of the cube O'G is the semidingonal of the square of side @ oc =0'G = OP =3 as diameter is 6.A0'GQ~ AOPQ o@ _ oG 0g ~ OP Do” a 1a = 30V3~3V2a (10+ 3V2)a = s0v2 a — 30v%(10~3v3) (loo ~ 78) _ 800v2— 180 _ 150v2— 90 ie sy, M210 _ 9978 Answer: (A) 15. If f(@) = 2t +029 +62? +cr+d, where a,b,c,d are integers hhas two integer roots, then which one of the following can be a root of f(x) =0. @) SYS) RY ay Solution: Let a, 8 be the integer roots. Let 7,5 be the other roots, agys=d and at Bayt Now if the other roots are non real they must be complox conjugate. The product of 76+ af =d an integer. We know that af is au integer. The product 75 need not be an integer but still 7609 may become an integer, But we can guarantee that the product is an integer if 46 is also an integer as we do not know the values of a, and d. The only possible value given which fits the 76 is an integer condition ig y= 24818 g 1-8VIB ing 45 = 4. For the others, 75 is a rational number. Answer : (A) 16. a is areal number such that a®~a° +a=2 and a® € (p,@) ‘Then (p,q) = Solution: a +1 = (+1 (@ +1(at- a? +1) a (B)e-e+9 a 2(2) oa +a =2is given = 2(0+ But a+}>2 a +124 ‘The equality in a+}>2 holds when a=1 But it does not satisfy o® — a? +a=2. riod. +, (SS iven: a? f(z) +5 and fle+1)< f(x) +1. If g(z) = fle) +1—2 then g(2010) is Solution: SE+S) S fEFAF 1S He43) 425 flea) 43 S fl@+N+4< sa) +5 @ He+5)> Fle) +5 From (1) and (2) (2) (given) He+5)=fl2)+5 and fle) +1 = fle 41) As f(1)=1,f(n) =n for all n>1 £(2010) = 2010 9(2010) = f(2010) +1 2010 2010+ 1 ~ 2010 = 1 Answer : 1, 19. If logy (2+ 2y) + log (a— 29) = 1 then the minimuan value of lel Lal is Solution: LHS = log,(z? ~ 4y) za Qed, yo 1-tand 2 y= 2809 — tan6 where wo choose x,y both to be positive. Note that the hyperbola is symmetric about both the X and Y. axes. So the minimum will be reached in the frst quadeant also Foy = JO) =2se0—tand: f'(0) = 2see 0 tand ~ sec? 0 = sec (2tand —s0e 0) seed 4 0 2, 2tand—socd=0 Lyot 4 Qsind = 1 sind = 2:0 7 4 13% US Ba Answer: V3 20. A Point D is on the side AC of an acute angled triangle ABC. AD = 1,DC = 2, BD is the altitude from B to AC. A circle of radius 2, which passes through the points A and D, touches at the point D a cirele cireumscribed about the ABDC. The area of the triangle ABC isSolution: Dy is circum cizcle of ABDC with centre Af, the mid point of BC Ep fe the cielo touching Sy at D and passing through A With contre Naud NPL AD, Fis mid post of AD MDW is colina ANPD ~ NP “BD BD = wp = 4x VE _ avis Area of ABC = 3 x 3x 2VI5 = 8VT5 sa. units Answer: 3VI5 sa. units. 21. Inatriangle ABC, the minimum value of cosee4 + cose f + ¢ cosee$ is Solution cosecA/2+ covecB/2+ cosect/2 sin A/2-+ sin D/2 A/3sin B72 sin 48) cos (492) cos (43) = cos (232) sin (AB) 08 452) cst (AGH) cot (any * Someecl? on (452) { Saar + coseeC/2 + coseet'/2 + conect/2 If C is constant, then A+B is also a constant and therefore the given expression is least when the denominators are greatest (ie.,) when A= B. The expression is not a minimum so long fas any two angles are unequal. Thus, it is mininum- when A=B=C=00" Minimum value of cosee A/2+ cosecB/2+ cosecC/2 1 sing" 24242 6 + 22. Ina right angled triangle with integer sides, the in radius is 3. The number of such right angled triangles is —Solution: First note that the 3, 4, 5 triangle has r = 1 as Aad 2 By blowing it up three times (Le..) we get triangle with 9,12,15 as sides, with in radius 3. Let us find other such triangles. For any pythagorean triple which has no common divisor, we can find m,n m > n such that m?+n?,m? — n?,2mn are the sides of the triangle, 1 aren of the A =! ran(m? —n?} 52mn( ) jomi Perimet Keen? en? +m? =n? Semi Perimeter » = Sm? +n®+m?—n® +2mn) = m(m+n) n)(m +n) 5 mim+n) n(m—n) = 3 nim —n are integers > 0 n=l m-n=3=m=4 or n=3 m-n=1em=4 So the pythagorean triples are 17,15,8 and 25,7,24. Both have in radius 3. In all three such taiangles exist. Answer : 3. 23. If (zy) = AE where J is a function defined on pesitive real numbers and if f(600) = 3 then (800) is oqual to jon: 800 = 600 $ 1600) = (00 4) exe == 60, i100) °3 5 9 a Answer: 24, “The number of squares of side at least 6 with vertices in S= {wl says 8} fs — Solution: The given grid is a square of side 7. Ifthe sides are along the grid lines, then the possible side lengths are 6 and 7. No. of squares of side No., of squares of side 6 = 4 ‘Total Number of squares is 5. Answer 1 5. Note: Here we have assumed that the vertices of the squares are at the grid points, 25. In AABC, AB = 2,AC = 4 and the median from A to BC is equal in length to BC. Then BC = Solution: Let Aa’ = 2 and hence BA’ = A'C =F where AT is the mid point of BC a Let ZAN'B In AAA'B, at+ (§)?+2-2- §0os0 In Aaa‘C, 16 = 2? + (3)? +2-2- Feos(180 — 4) add =i 8 v8 Answer: V8. 26. A convex hexagon with all angles equal has AB=1, BC CD -=2, DE = 4, The area of the hexagon is Solution: All angles of the hexagon ABCDEF ave equal to 120" CM = Asin 60° = 2v3BM = 4cos60° = 2 BE =BM+MN+NE=24242=6 Area of BODE = 2$! x 2V3 = 8V5 AP = BE~ 2AB 00860 = Height of ABEF is sino? = ¥f Aven of trapesium ABEF is 248 x 8 = us ‘Total tee = 8/3 4 yt = Answer: 4¥8 7 2 An ant moves ana regular teteahdion (4 sided solid gure with all aes equilateral triangles) OABC with edge Ingen 2 estas form the midpoint of OA and wane te reveh the mid point NV of BC’, the opposite edge, The shortest distance MN on the surface of the tetrahedron is, Solution: The ant can travel on the faces OAC and OCB or OAB and ABC, Since it is a regular tetrahedron in both the routes the shortest distance will he same Ly Consider the 2 faces OAB and ABC flattened out as in the adjacent figure. We get a rhombus OACB. To move from M. to NV the shortest distance is the straight line MN parallel to AC and OB and of length 2. Let P be the midpoint of AB. (On the surface of the tetrahedran the ant moves from M to P onthe face OAB, then from P to N on the face ABC. Answer: 2. 28, The greatest integer that divides (n + 1)(n +3)(n + 5)(n-+ 7)(n-+9) for all positive even integers ‘n' is Solution: Since m is even these are 5 consecutive odd integers If n=0(mod3)_n-+3-=0(mod3) If m= I(mod3) then n+5 = O(mod3) and n then +7 = 0(mod3) -. Whatever be the even number nthe product is divisible by 3. Now if m=O(mod5) then n +5 =0(mods) (mods) then (mods) then (mod5) then n= (mod) then = 2{mod3) Whatever be n, the product given is divisible by 5. But for the prime number 7, when n = 1(mod7) (for example 22 = I(mod7)) then none ofn+1,n+3n-+5,n-+7.n+9 ts divisible by 7. Similar is the case for higher prime numbers, ‘The greatest integer dividing the product for all m is 15. Answer : 15. 29. The sides of a quadrilateral ABCD in order are AB = 6,BC = 18,CD = 6,DA = ‘ 10. If the restriction is that the diagonal BD must be an integer, the number of such i ‘quadrilaterals is — 4 Solution: In AABD, BD <10+6=16 as In ABDC, BD+6>18. (ie,) BD > 122 sini5? ~ VOsin 15° AD _ __be 2 AADO TRG ~ sin(120— G) ret aaa Visinis ~ YeosC + }sind 4 “Vc +1 Vick = a/Fsin1s = A/G! — 1v8 1) VBeotC = 2V3-2-1=2V3-3 = V3(2- v3) cotC = 2-Vv3 tan = 24 V¥3=tan75°( Check tan(45° + 30°)) Cae Answer : 75°