3rd Punic War

Carthage went to war against Numidia, were defeated,

and had to then pay that nation another war debt. As
they had gone to war without Romes approval, the
Roman senate considered Carthage a threat to the peace
again.

o Rome invades Carthage

o Romes military easily wins
o Carthage is burned!
o Hannibal commits suicide

 Effects of the Punic Wars

o Rome gets Carthages land

o Rome Controls Mediterranean!
o Rome is known as a Military Superpower
water & land

Roman Empire Circa 100 b.c.e

1.

Who fought in the Punic Wars?

2.

Why?

3.

Who attacked Rome with War Elephants?

4.

What were the effects of the Punic Wars?

5.

Who was Ptolemys Great, Great, Great, Great,

Great, Great, Great, Great, Great, Great, Great,
Great, Great granddaughter?

Fall of the
Republic & the
Beginning of an
Empire
60 BCE 28BCE

 Problem with the Republic

o Huge gaps in social classes

The rich were getting richer and the poor was getting poorer.

o Generals were too powerful!

The used their militaries to gain foreign lands for
themselves
Used war to get money
Legions were more faithful to Generals than the
politicians

 The 1st Triumvirate

o Roman Senators decide to create a new 3 member

consul
The 1st Triumvirate = 3 Generals
Caesar
Pompey
Crassus

Julius Caesar

o Brilliant Roman General who Become famous for

conquering Gaul (France)
o Told to disband
Army was too big and loyal to him
o Returns to Rome with his army
Destroys Crassus army
o Goes to war with Pompey & wins
Crassus avoids a battle & leaves

o Caesar is named Dictator for life by

Senate when marching after Crassus in
Greece and Macedonia.
o Killed on March 15th 44 b.c.e.

o Caesar was Murdered, at the hands of a band of

senatorial conspirators led by Marcus Junius Brutus
and Gaius Cassius Longinus (d 42 BC), both former
Pompeians who'd been pardoned by Caesar after the
battle of Pharsalus.

o Caesar's death turned out to be the beginning of a

new civil war and a fight for power.
o

After a couple of months of havoc the empire was

determined and the power was divided amongst
o Marc Anthony,
o Octavian Augustus , and
o

Lipidus.

o In 44 BC they were officially nominated as rulers for

the next five years.

2nd
Triumvirate

 Cleopatra & Mark Antony

o Cleopatra the Queen of Egypt

Began an affair with Mark Antony, met in tarsus, then Antony followed Cleopatra to Egypt.
their affair started
Fell in love & wanted to control Rome and Egypt together

Octavian vs. Mark Antony & Cleopatra

oWar for Rome

Octavian despised Cleopatra and her son Caesarion (father was Julius Caesar)

oOctavian defeats Mark Antonys forces in Greece

and Egypt
Cleopatra and Mark Antony commit suicide
Mark Antony stabbed himself when he heard that Cleopatra died, but was carried to
die in her arms. She was then captures where she let a Asp bite, and poison her.

Octavian

o Became Romes first Emperor in 27 b.c.e.

An empire is a nation or group of territories
ruled by a single powerful leader, or emperor.

o Changes his name to Augustus(sacred or revered)

Caesar
o He was no longer to be addressed as 'Octavian' and insisted
on being called 'Caesar' and he now styled himself as 'divi
filius' - 'son of the divine'

o This started the Pax Romana

Roman Peace
o Augustus ruled the Roman
Empire for more than 40 years,
known as the Augustan Age.
o Peace lasted for 207 years and
the Roman Empire was just
over 3,000,000 square miles

 The Roman Empire 28 BCE 476 AD

o Same government with minor changes
Rome still had a senate
Instead of 2 consuls ruling they had 1 emperor
Civil Service
Augustus Caesar establishes civil services that
keeps the empire functioning like:
Grain Supply
Tax Collection
Postal Service

 The good & the bad Emperors

o Trajan (good) Conquered Britain

o Marcus Aurelius

Bad Emperors were

o Caligula crazy, made horse a senator

o Nero- killed Christians

 Daily life In the Empire

o Life was good, many shops & stores

o Very excessive
Vomitoriums

o Circus Maximus would have chariot races

 Coliseum

o Famous battles would be re-enacted

o Held water for Naval Battles
o Gladiators (slaves) fought till the death