September 29, 2015

Trigonometry and Transformations of Graphs

Materials: TI 84 and several sheets of graph paper.
1.

Graph of each of the following with a standard window and sketch it on the graph
Paper.
i)
y = x2, y = x2 + 2, y = x2 + 4, y = x2- 1, y = x2- 4

a.

ii)

2.

b.
Write a sentence describing the effect of the value c in transforming the
graph of y = x2 to that of y = x2 + c.
a. Changing the value of c moves the parabola up if c is positive or down
if c is negative.

Graph, sketch, and label each of the following:

i)
y = x2, y = (x + 2)2, y = (x + 5)2, y = (x 1)2, y = (x-2)2

a)

ii)

3.

b)
Write a sentence describing the effect of the value of h in the
transformation of the graph of y = x2 to that of y = (x-h)2. Be aware of the
minus sign in front of the h.
c) When h is positive, the parabola shifts to the left. When h is negative,
the parabola shifts to the right.

Graph, sketch, and label each of the following:

i)
y = x2, y = 2x2, y = .5x2, y = -2x2

a)

ii)

4.

b)
Write a sentence describing the effects of the value a in transforming the
graph of y = x2 to that of y = ax2.
c) A coefficient in front of y = x2 will make the parabola narrower,
wider, or inverted. The bigger the coefficient, the narrower the
parabola becomes. The smaller the coefficient, the wider the parabola
becomes. If the coefficient is negative, then the parabola becomes
inverted.

Graph, sketch, and label each of the following:

i)
y = sin (x), y = sin (x + 2), y = sin (x + 1), y = sin (x 1)

a.

ii)

5.

b.
Write a sentence describing the effects of the value d in transforming
y = sin x to y = sin x + d.
d) When d is negative, it shifts the starting point of the sin curve to the
left. When d is positive, it shifts the starting point of the sin curve to
the right.

Graph, sketch, and label each of the following:

i)

y = sin (x-1), y = sin (x + 2)

e)

iii)

f)
g) Summary:
a. Adding two shifts the curve to the left two spaces. Subtracting
one moves the curve to the right one space.
y = 2 sin(x), y = 4 sin (x), y = -3 sin (x), y = sin (x/2), y = (sin x)2

a.

iv)

b.
c. Summary:
i. The coefficient in front of sin(x) such as 2 and 4 changes the
amplitude. Even -3 makes the amplitude 3, except since it is
negative, the curve is inverted.
ii. When x is divided by a number, it stretches the curve out.
iii. When (sin(x)) is squared, the whole curve shrinks, the
amplitude is much smaller, and it is above the x axis.
y = cos (x), y = cos (-x), y = (cos x)2

a.

b.

6.

c. Summary:
i. y = cos (x) and y = cos (-x) are the same. They are represented
in blue and red. The negative sign will only make a difference
if its outside of the parentheses in front of the cos.
ii. When (cos(x)) is squared, the whole curve shrinks, the
amplitude is much smaller, and it is above the x axis.
Change the mode to polar and press the zoom button to the z square window.
After graphing, press the trace button to find the points of intersection in the x
and y axes.
i)
Graph and sketch r = 5+3 cos (x), r = 3+5 cos (x), r = 4+4 cos (x),
r = 0 + 8 cos (x)

h)

i)
j) When x = 8, y = 0

ii)

Which limacons (a plane curve generated by a locus of a point on a line at a

fixed distance from the point of intersection) have loops? How can you
tell?
a) r= 3 + 5cos() because there is a loop between x=0 and x= 2. Five
(from in front of the cos) minus three equals two. The limacon needs
to go to x = 2 and then loop back around.

iii)

sketch r = 8cos(3x), r = 8cos(5x), r = 8cos(2x), r = 8cos(4x)

a.

b.

iv)

c.
Count the petals on each rose. Can you predict the number?
a. r = 8cos(3x) has 3 pedals.
b. r = 8cos(5x) has 5 pedals.
c. r = 8cos(2x) has 4 pedals.
d. r = 8cos(4x) has 8 pedals.
e. You can predict by looking at the number inside of the parentheses
next to x. If it is an even number, multiply it by two to see the number
of pedals. If it is an odd number, then that number will be the number
of pedals.