TCXDVN 296-2004

B XY DNG
S 01 / 2004/ Q-BXD

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp - T do - Hnh phc
H Ni , ngy 11 thng 2 nm 2004

QUYT NH CA B TRNG B XY DNG

V vic ban hnh Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam TCXD VN 296: 2004 '' Dn
gio - Cc yu cu v an ton ''
B TRNG B XY DNG
- Cn c Ngh nh s 36/ 2003/ N - CP ngy 04 / 04 / 2003 ca Chnh
Ph quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Xy dng.
- Cn c bin bn s 56 / BXD - HKHKT ngy 10 / 4 / 2003 ca Hi ng
Khoa hc k thut chuyn ngnh nghim thu tiu chun ''Dn gio - Cc yu cu
v an ton ''
- Xt ngh ca V trng V Khoa hc Cng ngh v Vin trng Vin
Nghin cu Kin trc.
QUYT NH
iu 1 : Ban hnh km theo quyt nh ny 01 Tiu chun Xy dng Vit
Nam TCXD VN 296: 2004 '' Dn gio - Cc yu cu v an ton ''
iu 2 : Quyt nh ny c hiu lc sau 15 ngy k t ngy ng cng bo .
iu 3 : Cc ng : Chnh Vn phng B, V trng V Khoa hc Cng
ngh , Vin trng Vin Nghin cu Kin trc v Th trng cc n v c lin
quan chu trch nhim thi hnh Quyt nh ny ./.
Ni nhn :

KT/B TRNG B XY DNG

- Nh iu 3
- Tng Cc TCLCL
- Lu VP&V KHCN

Th trng

Nguyn Vn Lin
DN GIO - CC YU CU V AN TON

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TCXDVN 296-2004
SCAFFOLDING - SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
(BT BUC P DNG)

1 . Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu v an ton khi lp dng, s dng, bo
tr, tho d dn gio trong xy dng, sa cha, ph d nh v cng trnh.
Tiu chun ny khng p dng i vi cc h dn gio treo thng xuyn
hoc cc sn cng tc treo t do trong khng gian.
2.Tiu chun vin dn
- Quy chun Xy dng Vit Nam, chng 17
- TCVN 5308- 1991. Quy phm k thut an ton trong xy dng
- TCVN 6052-1995. Dn gio thp.
3. Cc thut ng - khi nim
3.1. Bn gio ch to sn: n v sn cng tc dng mt bn ch to sn, c cc mc

neo cht vi cc thanh ngang ca dn gio.

3.2. Dn gio: Mt h thng kt cu tm thi t trn nn vng hoc c th treo
hoc neo, ta vo cng trnh to ra ni lm vic cho cng nhn ti cc v tr cao
so vi mt t hay mt sn c nh.
3.3. Dn gio tr v gi cng son di ng: H dn gio c cc tr ng, vn sn v

gi sn cng tc c th di chuyn trn tr ng.

3.4. Dn gio dm cng son : Dn gio c sn cng tc t trn cc thanh dm cng

son t trong tng hoc trn mt nh. u pha bn trong c neo cht vo cng
trnh hay kt cu.
3.5. Dn gio dm treo: Sn cng tc t trn hai thanh dm, c treo bng cc dy cp.
3.6. Dn gio chn vung : Dn gio c chn l cc khung g dng hnh vung,

trn sn cng tc chu ti trng nh v trung bnh .

3.7. Dn gio ct chng c lp: Dn gio t trn nn bng nhiu khung hng ct

chng. Loi gio ny ng c lp, khng ta vo cng trnh bao gm cc ct ,

dm dc, dm ngang v cc thanh ging cho.
3.8. Dn gio ct chng n: Sn cng tc t trn cc dm ngang c u pha ngoi

t trn cc dm dc lin kt vi hng ct hay thanh ng n. u bn trong ca

dm ngang t neo vo trong hoc ln tng nh.

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TCXDVN 296-2004
3.9. Dn gio h khung kiu thc th: Dn gio gm cc khung g hoc kim loi

sn cng tc.
3.10. Dn gio kiu thang lp cng son : Dn gio chu ti trng nh, sn cng tc t

trn cc dm cng son lin kt vi cc thang c lp hoc ni di.

3.11. Dn gio di ng y tay: Dn gio c t trn cc bnh xe v ch di chuyn

khi y hoc ko.

3.12. Dn gio khung thp ng ch to sn: H cc khung bng ng kim loi (chn

gio), lp rp vi nhau nh cc thanh ging.

3.13. Dn gio kiu chn nga: Dn gio chu ti trng nh hoc trung bnh, gm cc

chn m sn cng tc.

3.14. Dn gio v t hp dn gio thp ng v b ni: H dn gio c cu to t cc

thanh thp ng nh thanh tr ng, cc thanh ngang, dc dn gio v cc thanh

ging ; c tm chn cc thanh tr v cc b ni c bit ni cc thanh tr v
lin kt cc thanh khc.
3.15. Dn gio treo mc ni tip : Sn cng tc c t v mc vo hai dy cp thp

treo song song theo phng ngang, cc u dy lin kt cht vi cng trnh.
3.16. Dn gio treo nhiu im: Dn gio c bi nhiu dy cp treo t cc vt

pha trn v c lp t, vn hnh khi nng hoc h sn cng tc ti cc v tr yu

cu.
3.17. Dn gio treo nhiu tng: Dn gio c cc sn cng tc cc ct cao khc

nhau, t trn cng mt h . H thng ny c th treo bi hai hay nhiu im.

3.18. Dy an ton: Dy mm buc vo ai ngang lng ngi hoc dng c lao ng,

u gi buc vo im c nh hoc dy bo h.
3.19. Dy bo h (dy thot him, dy cu nn).: Dy thng ng t mt mc neo

c nh c lp vi sn cng tc v cc dy neo, dng treo hoc mc cc dy an

ton.
3.20. Dy ai ngang lng: Dng c c bit eo vo ngi, dng treo gi hoc thot

him cho cng nhn khi ang lm vic hoc trong vng nguy him.
3.21. n v sn cng tc: Mt sn cng tc nh nht c th hot ng c lp hoc

lp ghp thnh mt sn cng tc ln hn. n v sn cng tc c th l cc tm g

vn c bit, bn gio hoc sn ch to sn bng kim loi.
3.22. Lan can: H thanh chn c lp dc theo cc mt h v phn cui ca sn

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TCXDVN 296-2004
cng tc, gm c thanh trn (tay vn), thanh gia v cc tr .
3.23. Mn chn an ton: Mt tm mn chn t gia tay vn v thanh chn chn,

ngn dng c lao ng hoc vt liu khng ri khi dn gio.

3.24. Nn t gio: Nn mt t hoc nn sn vng ca cc tng nh v cng trnh.
3.25. Neo: B phn lin kt gia dn gio vi cng trnh hoc kt cu, tng cng

n nh hai phng cho dn gio.

3.26. Neo sau: Lin kt t cng trnh hoc kt cu vi mt thit b nng.
3.27. Sn cng tc: Sn cho cng nhn ng v xp vt liu ti cc v tr yu cu, -

c cu to t mt hay nhiu n v sn cng tc.

3.28. Ti trng cng tc : Ti trng gm ngi, vt liu v thit b trn dn gio.
3.29. Ti trng tnh ton ln nht: Tng ti trng ca bn thn dn gio, ngi, thit b,

dng c, vt liu v cc tc ng khc ln dn gio.

3.30. Thanh ging: B phn gi c nh cho dn gio, lin h vi cc b phn khc.
3.31. Thit b nng: Thit b dng nng hay h mt h gio treo. N c th hot

ng bng tay hoc bng ng c (my).

3.32. Vn hoc sn ch to sn: Mt phng lm vic c to ra t cc kt cu g, kim

loi hoc vt liu mi dng c hoc c l.

4. Yu cu chung cho cc loi dn gio
4.1. Phn chung
4.1.1. Cc loi dn gio s dng trong xy dng phi m bo cc yu cu v thit

k, cu to, lp dng, vn hnh, tho d ghi trong h s k thut v h chiu ca

nh ch to. Khng c lp dng, s dng hoc tho d loi dn gio khng cc
ti liu nu trn.
4.1.2. Cc b phn dng lp t dn gio phi ph hp vi h s k thut v

nhng qui nh ca tiu chun ny, bo m cc yu cu v cng , kch thc v

trng lng. Dn gio phi c thit k v lp dng chu lc an ton theo ti
trng thit k.
4.1.3. Cng nhn lp dng v tho d dn gio phi qua o to v phi tun th cc

yu cu ca quy trnh v c trang b y cc phng tin bo h lao ng.

4.1.4. Khng c s dng dn gio trong cc trng hp sau:

a) Khng p ng c nhng yu cu k thut v iu kin an ton lao ng qui

nh trong h s thit k hoc trong h chiu ca nh ch to;

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TCXDVN 296-2004
b) Khng ng chc nng theo tng loi cng vic;
c) Cc b phn ca dn gio c bin dng, rn nt, mn r ;
d) Khong cch t mp bin gii hn cng tc ca dn gio, gi ti mp
bin lin k ca phng tin vn ti nh hn 0,60m;
e) Cc ct hoc khung chn gio t trn nn km n nh (nn t yu,
thot nc km, ln qu gii hn cho php ca thit k...) c kh nng trt l hoc
t trn nhng b phn hay kt cu nh khng c tnh ton m bo chu lc n
nh cho chnh b phn, kt cu v cho ct dn gio, khung .
4.1.5. Khng c xp ti ln dn gio vt qu ti trng rnh ton. Nu s dng dn

gio ch to sn phi tun theo ch dn ca nh ch to.

4.1.6. Khng cho php dn gio di chuyn ngang hoc thay i kt cu h dn gio trong khi

ang s dng, tr cc dn gio c thit k c bit s dng cho yu cu trn.

4.1.7. Khng c lp dng, tho d hoc lm vic trn dn gio khi thi tit xu nh

c ging t, tri ti, ma to, gi mnh t cp 5 tr ln.

4.1.8. Dn gio v ph kin khng c dng nhng ni c ho cht n mn v
phi c cc bin php bo v thch hp cho dn gio khng b hu hoi theo ch
dn ca nh ch to.
4.1.10. Tho d dn gio phi tin hnh theo ch dn ca thit k hoc nh ch to

v bt u t nh dn gio:
- Cc b phn v lin kt tho ri phi h xung an ton, khng ri t do.
Phi duy tr s n nh ca phn dn gio cha tho d cho n khi tho xong.
- Trong khu vc ang tho d, phi c ro ngn, bin cm ngi v phng tin qua
li. Khng tho d dn gio bng cch git .
4.1.11. Khi lp dng, s dng hay tho d dn gio gn ng dy ti in (di

5m, k c ng dy h th) cn phi c bin php m bo an ton v in cho

cng nhn v phi c s ng ca c quan qun l in v ng dy (ngt in
khi dng lp, li che chn...)
4.2. H dn gio
4.2.1. Chn ca cc dn gio phi vng chc v kh nng chu c ti trng tnh

ton ln nht. Cc vt khng bn nh thng g, hp cc-tng, gch vn hoc cc

khi t do, khng c dng lm chn gio.
4.2.2. Cc ct chng, chn gio hay thanh ng ca dn gio phi bo m t thng

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TCXDVN 296-2004
ng cng nh c ging, lin kt cht vi nn chng xoay v dch chuyn.
4.2.3. Khi dng dy thng, dy tng hp hay cp thp trong cc cng vic c ho

cht n mn hay khng kh n mn, cn phi c bin php khc phc chng li
s ph hu ca cc cht ni trn.
4.2.4. Tt c cc loi dy cp dng treo dn gio phi c kh nng chu lc t

nht gp su ln ti trng thit k.

4.3. Cc yu cu v ti trng.
4.3.1. Dn gio phi kh nng chu lc m khng b ph hoi bi ti trng bn

thn v t nht bn ln ti trng tnh ton. Ring i vi h thng lan can an ton,
cp treo v cc cu kin g c p dng theo yu cu ring.
4.3.2. Mc ti trng: Cc ti trng ln nht c phn loi nh sau:
-Ti trng nng: p dng cho dn gio mang ti trng cng tc 375Kg/m2
dng cho xy gch, , cng vt liu t trn sn cng tc.
-Ti trng trung bnh: p dng cho dn gio mang ti trng cng tc
250Kg/m2 dng cho ngi v va xy trt.
-Ti trng nh: p dng cho dn gio mang ti trng cng tc 125Kg/m2
dng cho ngi v dng c lao ng.
-Ti trng c bit: p dng cho dn gio mang ti trng c bit cng vt
liu km theo.
4.3.3. Phn loi ti trng i vi n v sn cng tc
4.3.3.1.Yu cu v ti trng do ngi: Ti trng thit k cho sn cng tc c tnh
ton trn c s mt hay nhiu hn mt ngi c trng lng 75 Kg v 25Kg dng c
cho mi ngi . Mi n v sn cng tc phi kh nng c t nht mt ngi
theo qui nh sau:
a) Sn cng tc dng cho mt ngi c thit k v lp t kh nng c ti trng 100 Kg t ti gia sn;
b) Sn cng tc dng cho hai ngi c thit k v lp t kh nng c
ti trng lm vic 200 Kg, trong 100 Kg t cch 0,45 m v pha tri v 100 Kg t
cch 0,45 m v pha phi ca ng thng gia sn cng tc.
c) Sn cng tc dng cho ba ngi c thit k v lp t kh nng c ti
trng lm vic 300 Kg, trong 100 Kg t cch 0,45 m v pha tri, 100 Kg t chnh
gia v 100 Kg t cch 0,45 m v pha phi ca ng thng gia sn cng tc.

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TCXDVN 296-2004
4.3.3.2. Cc yu cu v ti trng phn b: mi n v sn cng tc ti v tr thch hp,

phi thit k v lp dng mang ti trng phn b xen k vi ti trng do ngi theo
4.3.3.1. Ti trng phn b v ti trng do ngi khng tnh ton tc dng ng thi m
cn dng t hp hn ch ti a thit k sn cng tc ph hp.
4.4. Cc yu cu v sn cng tc ( Hnh 1-7, ph lc B)
4.4.1. Sn cng tc phi chc chn, bo m chu c ti trng tnh ton. Vt liu -

c la chn lm sn phi c cng , p ng cc yu cu thc t, khng b n

mn ho hc v chng c xm thc ca kh quyn.
Ch thch : Cc vn v sn cng tc ch to sn bao gm cc vn khung g,
cc vn gio v sn dm nh hnh.
4.4.2. Sn cng tc (tr khi c ging hoc neo cht) phi di vt qua thanh

ngang c hai u mt on khng nh hn 0,15m v khng ln hn 0,5m.

4.4.3. Vn g:

a) Cc vn g phi c thit k sao cho vng gia nhp theo ti trng tnh ton
khng vt qu 1/60 nhp dn gio.
b) Nhp ln nht ca vn g c qui nh theo thit k v nh sn xut trn c s
tnh ton tin cy i vi vn sn g.
c) Vn g cn dng nhng ni cao ro v lu thng khng kh tt. Nu vn s
dng cn ti hoc trong iu kin m th vic tnh ton ng sut v kim tra theo
4.4.3.a) phi k n m ca g.
4.4.4. Bn gio, vn v sn ch to sn, bao gm cc loi: bn gio ch to sn; vn

ch to sn; vn g c khung; vn c dm v sn dm nh hnh.

4.4.4.1. Bn gio ch to sn: Chiu rng nh nht ca bn gio khng nh hn 0,3
m; chiu di tiu chun t 1,8m n 3,0 m.
4.4.4.2. Chiu di v chiu rng ca cc vn v sn cng tc ch to sn theo quy
nh bng 1.
BNG 1. QUY CCH,TI TRNG TNH TON CA VN V SN CNG TC CH TO SN

SN PHM CH
TO SN

TI TRNG TNH
TON (Kg)

CHIU DI
LN NHT
(m)

CHIU RNG
LN NHT (m)

CHIU RNG
NH NHT (m)

Vn g c
khung
Vn gio

110

7,2

0,5

0,3

220

9,6

0,5

0,3

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TCXDVN 296-2004
Vn c dm

220

12,0

0,75

0,5

Sn dm nh
330
12,0
0,90
hnh
Ch thch: Bng 1 khng p dng i vi bn gio.

0,5

4.4.5. Mi bn gio ch to sn phi c cc mc neo v cho php bn gio t

khp vo cc b phn ca gio. Cc mc neo bo m gi cht cho bn gio

khng b nhc ln.
4.4.6. Cc kiu bn gio: c th l loi c, loi thanh hay loi c mt li thong.

Mt bn gio phi c gi cht vi cc thanh chn bin hay cc thanh ngang cho
nhau.
a) h bn gio: h ln nht gia bn gio vi mi thanh chn bin v
gia cc tm vn khng qu 1 cm;
b) B mt bn gio: c th t thp hn mt trn ca thanh chn bin. Mt
bn gio kim loi phi c bin php bo m chng trn trt.
4.5. Yu cu v lan can an ton
4.5.1. Phi lp t h thng lan can bo v ti tt c mt h v phn cui ca cc

sn cng tc cao hn 3,0 m so vi mt t hoc sn nh, tr cc trng hp sau:

a) Trong khi lp dng hoc tho d dn gio;
b) Khi dn gio t trong nh, ti ton b din tch nn t dn gio c bao tng xung quanh, khng c mt h hoc cc l sn thng nh thang my hay thang
b;
c) Khi s dng cc dy bo h v dy an ton cho ngi i vi gio dm treo, gh
ngi treo, dn gio kiu thang;
d) Khi s dng cc kiu thang ng t do dn gio.
4.5.2.Tay vn lan can phi c chiu cao t 0,9m n 1,15 m so vi mt sn.
4.5.3. Cc tr h lan can t cch nhau khng qu 3,0 m.
4.5.4. Thanh chn chn c lm t g x hay tng ng kch thc 0,025m x 0,1m,

t ko di pha trn cch mt sn 0,04m. Cc thanh chn chn phi c lp cng

vi h lan can tt c cc mt h v phn cui dn gio ti nhng ni c ngi lm
vic hoc i li pha di.
4.5.5. Thanh ging cho nhau c th dng thay th cho thanh gia h lan can khi

giao im hai thanh v tr t nht 0,5m v khng qu 0,75 m tnh t mt sn cng

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tc.
4.5.6. Khi vt liu cht ng cao hn thanh chn chn ni c ngi lm vic pha

di, phi b tr mn chn an ton gia thanh chn chn v tay vn. Nu dng li
thp lm mn chn, c th b thanh chn gia.
4.6. Thang, li i li, bin bo
4.6.1. Phi to li i an ton n sn cng tc ca cc kiu dn gio theo mt trong

nhng cch sau, tr khi ang lp dng hoc tho d:

- S dng thang g, kim loi, cht do c ch to sn hoc p dng theo cc tiu
chun hin hnh c lin quan;
- S dng cc bc thang lin kt vi chn khung gio, khong cch ln nht gia
cc bc ca khung khng qu 0,4m, di ca bc khng nh hn 0,25 m;
- S dng thang c mc hay thang kim loi lp ghp vi kiu dn gio c thit k
ph hp;
- Ca ra vo trc tip t kt cu bn cnh hoc t thit b nng.
4.6.2. Khi dn gio cao trn 12 m phi lm cu thang trong khoang dn gio.

dc cu thang khng c ln hn 600. Trng hp dn gio cao di 12m th c th

dng thang ta hay thang dy.
4.6.3.Thang phi c nh v chc chn, khng lm x dch gio. Ngi ln xung

thang phi dng hai tay bm cht vo kt cu v khng du m hay bn t

dnh vo tay, giy dp. Khng c s dng cc thanh ging xin lm phng tin
ln xung dn gio.
4.6.4. Cc li i li di dn gio phi c che chn v bo v pha trn u ngi.
4.6.5. Ni c ngi hoc phng tin qua li, phi c bin bo hiu r rng, dng ro

chn hoc cng dy gii hn khu vc dn gio.

5. Yu cu i vi cc nhm dn gio.
5.1. Nhm dn gio t trn mt t.

5.1.1. Phn chung

5.1.1.1. Cc b phn ca h dn gio, bao gm cc thanh ng, thanh dc, thanh

ngang, ging, mi ni v li i li, c thit k chu ti trng theo 4.3.1.

5.1.1.2. Cc ct chng phi t trn nn t yu cu v cng bo m chng
ln. Cc ct phi t thng ng.

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5.1.1.3. Thanh ging xin dng chng, khng cho dn gio b di chuyn hoc

bin hnh.
5.1.1.4. Thanh ging cho nhau phi t gia cc ct trong v ngoi ca h gio

ct c lp. Cc mt h cui ca dn gio cng phi c ging cho nhau. Thanh

ging cho nhau ch c ni ti ct .
5.1.1.5. H lan can bo v v thanh chn chn, lp t theo quy nh mc 4.5.1.

Mn chn v li thp phi ph hp vi 4.5.6.

5.1.1.6. Nhp ln nht cho php ca vn sn phi ph hp vi 4.4.3; 4.4.4 v kh

nng chu ti trng tc dng trn sn.

5.1.1.7. Ca v li i ra, vo dn gio lp t nh quy nh ca iu 4.6.1.

5.1.2. Mt s loi dn gio t trn mt t

5.1.2.1. DN GIO CT CHNG G (hnh1 -Ph lc C).

5.1.2.1.1. Dn gio ct chng g,ty iu kin ni t gio, cn b tr st vi tng

nh v cng trnh.
5.1.2.1.2. Dn gio ct phi lin kt cht vi nh hoc kt cu. Ni c chiu cao vt qu 7,5 m, dn gio phi c ging ti cc v tr theo thit k nhng khng cch
nhau qu 7,5 m theo chiu ng v chiu ngang.
5.1.2.1.3. Ti ch ni ct, cc u ct phi phng v c tit din u nhau. Cc tm
g dng ni c t hai mt st lin k nhau, c chiu di khng nh hn 1,2
m, c cng chiu rng v tit din khng nh hn tit din thanh ct chng. Nu
tm ni bng cc vt liu khc, phi c cng tng ng .
5.1.2.1.4. Cc thanh hay dm ngang phi t cnh ln hn ca tit din ngang theo
chiu ng v di vt qua cc thanh dc ca cc hng ct trong v ngoi t
nht l 0,075m v mi pha.
5.1.2.1.5. Cc thanh dc phi di vt qua khong cch gia hai ct. Khng c ni thanh dc trong khong hai ct. Thanh dc c gia c bng cc tm k lin
kt cht vi ct chng to thnh vt cc thanh ngang.
5.1.2.1.6. Khi chuyn sn cng tc ti cao tip theo, sn cng tc c phi gi
nguyn n khi lp t xong cc thanh hay dm ngang mi c th tip nhn sn
cng tc mi.
5.1.2.1.7. Phi lp dng cc ging cho nhau ngn cn cc ct khng dch
chuyn theo phng song song vi mt nh, cng trnh hoc b cong, vng.

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TCXDVN 296-2004
5.1.2.1.8. Phi c bin php phng, chng chy i vi dn gio ct chng g.
5.1.2.2. DN GIO CHN VUNG (hnh2-Ph lc C).

5.1.2.2.1. Khong cch gia hai chn g ca dn gio dng hnh vung khng qu
1,5m v chiu cao khng qu 1,5m.
5.1.2.2.2. Cc b phn khc c kch thc khng nh hn qui nh trong bng 2.
BNG 2. KCH THC TIT DIN NH NHT CA CC B PHN DN GIO CHN VUNG

B PHN

KCH THC (m)

Cc dm hay thanh ngang

0,05 x 0,15

Chn

0,05 x 0,15

Cc ging gc

0,025 x 0,15

Cc ging cho ca khung gia

0,025 x 0,20

5.1.2.2.3. Phi gia c ti cc gc c hai pha mi chn vung bng cc thanh m

(ging gc) c kch thc 0,025m x 0,15 m.
5.1.2.2.4. Cc chn gio t cch nhau khng qu 1,5 m i vi dn gio chu ti
trng trung bnh v khng qu 2,4 m i vi dn gio chu ti trng nh. Phi b tr
cc thanh ging 0,025m x 0,20m ni t y mt chn vung n nh ca chn
vung lin k c hai mt ca gio.
5.1.2.2.5. Cc u vn sn phi t ko di qua cc thanh ca chn vung. Mi
tm vn c t trn t nht ba chn vung. C th s dng vn ch to sn.
5.1.2.2.6. Mt sn cng tc phi ngang bng v lin kt chc chn. Khng c lp
dng qu ba tng gio v khi xp tng, phi t trc tip mt chn vung trn mt
chn vung khc.
5.1.2.3. DN GIO CHN NGA

(hnh 3-Ph lc C)

5.1.2.3.1 Cc dn gio chn nga khng t ln nhau nhiu hn hai tng, hoc
khng cao hn 3m.
5.1.2.3.2 Kch thc cc b phn cu to chn nga khng c nh hn quy nh
bng 3.
5.1.2.3.3. Cc chn t cch nhau khng qu 1,5m vi ti trng va v khng qu
2,4m vi ti trng nh .
5.1.2.3.4. Khi xp tng, mi chn nga phi t trc tip ln chn pha di.

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BNG 3. KCH THC TIT DIN NH NHT CC B PHN CHN NGA

B PHN

KCH THC (m)

Cc dm hay thanh ngang

0,075 x 0,10
Chn
0,03 x 0,10
Ging dc cc chn
0,025 x 0,15
Cc ging ke gc nh chn
0,025 x 0,20
Cc ging cho
0,03x 0,10
* Cc kch thc trn c tnh vi chiu di ln nht l 3,0m
5.1.2.3.5. Cc chn phi c ng inh vi vn sn chng chuyn v hoc x
y v mi chn phi c gi cht bng cc thanh ging cho.
5.1.2.4. DN GIO V T HP DN GIO THP NG V B NI
A- DN GIO N (hnh 4-Ph lc C)

5.1.2.4.1. Dn gio thp ng v b ni c cu to t cc thanh ng, cc thanh dc

v ngang dn gio v cc thanh ging.

5.1.2.4.2. Dn gio thp ng v b ni chu ti trng nh c cc thanh ng, thanh

ngang, thanh dc v cc thanh ging bng thp ng c ng knh ngoi l 50mm

(ng knh trong l 47,5 mm). Cc thanh ng t cch nhau khng qu 1,2 m theo
chiu ngang v 3,0 m dc theo chiu di ca gio. Cc kt cu kim loi khc khi s
dng phi thit k chu ti trng tng ng.
5.1.2.4.3. Dn gio thanh thp ng v b ni chu ti trng trung bnh c cc thanh

ng, thanh dc v cc thanh ging bng thp ng c ng knh ngoi 50mm (ng knh trong l 47,5 mm).
- Khi cc thanh ng t cch nhau khng qu 1,8m theo phng ngang v 2,4m
theo phng dc dn gio phi c cc thanh ngang bng thp ng ng knh ngoi
64mm (trong 60mm).
- Khi cc thanh ng t cch nhau khng qu 1,0 m theo phng ngang v 2,4 m
theo phng dc dn gio phi c cc thanh ngang bng thp ng ng knh ngoi
50mm (trong 47,5mm). Cc kt cu kim koi khc khi s dng phi thit k chu
ti trng tng ng.
5.1.2.4.4. Dn gio thanh thp ng v b ni chu ti trng nng c cc thanh ng,
thanh ngang, thanh dc v cc thanh ging bng thp ng ng knh ngoi 64mm
(trong 60mm) vi cc thanh ng t cch nhau khng qu 1,5m theo phng ngang

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TCXDVN 296-2004
v 1,5m theo phng dc ca dn gio. Cc kt cu kim koi khc khi s dng phi
thit k chu ti trng tng ng.
5.1.2.4.5. Cc thanh dc c lp dc theo chiu di ca dn gio ti cc cao xc
nh. Nu thanh trn v thanh gia ca h lan can dng thanh thp ng th chng c dng thay cho cc thanh dc. Khi di chuyn h lan can ti cao khc, cn
b sung cc thanh dc thay th. Cc thanh dc di cng cn t st vi mt nn.
Cc thanh dc t cch nhau khng qu 1,8 m theo chiu ng tnh t im gia.
5.1.2.4.6. Cc thanh ngang t theo phng ngang gia cc thanh ng v gn cht
vi cc thanh ng bng cc b ni nm trn b ni thanh dc. Cc thanh ngang
t cch nhau khng qu 1,8 m theo chiu ng tnh t im gia.
5.1.2.4.7. Chiu di cc thanh ngang phi vt qu thanh ng theo chiu rng ca
gio mt on cn thit, lp b ni v to thnh tay cho sn gio c ti
trng nh v va nhng khng vt qu hai thanh vn rng 0,25 m, tr khi c thanh
chng cho.
5.1.2.4.8. Thanh ging cho theo phng ngang ca gio t cc u hi gio t
nht phi c t ti tng th t theo phng ng v lp li mi hng th ba theo
phng dc gio. Thanh ging cho c ni t thanh ng hay thanh dc ca mt
tng hng ln vi thanh ng hay thanh dc ca tng tip theo.
5.1.2.4.9. Thanh ging cho theo phng dc gio phi t hng thanh ng pha
ngoi c gc nghing t 400 n 500 bt u t im st nn ca thanh ng u
tin hoc cui cng hng ln gia nh ca dn gio. Nu dn gio qu di, phi b
tr thanh ging tip theo nh quy nh.

5.1.2.4.10. Dn gio thanh thp ng khi hot ng phi c lin kt cht vi tng
hoc kt cu khi c chiu cao ln hn bn ln kch thc nh nht chn gio. Thanh
neo ng u tin v thanh neo cho dc gio phi bt u cng mt im. Thanh
neo ng c t tip theo ti cc v tr cch nhau khng qu 7,5m. Thanh neo
nh t ti ch khng thp hn bn ln kch thc nh nht chn gio tnh t nh
ca dn gio. Cc thanh neo dc t ti cc im cui v cc v tr cch nhau
khng qu 9,0 m, bo m khng cho dn gio b xoay hay b tch khi tng nh
hoc kt cu.

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5.1.2.4.11. Khi dng dn gio thp ng cao trn 4m phi thit k h thng chng
st tr trng hp dn gio c lp dng trong phm vi bo v ca h thng chng
st c.
B- T HP DN GIO THANH THP NG NI (hnh 5-Ph lc C)

5.1.2.4.12. Tt c cc b phn ca h dn gio gm thanh ng, thanh ngang, thanh

dc, thanh dn, b ni ai c, thanh ging v ca i li phi c tnh ton kh

nng chu lc m khng b ph hoi bi ti trng bn thn v ti thiu phi bng
bn ln ti trng tnh ton ln nht. Nhp gia cc thanh ng v thanh dc phi
ph hp vi ti trng yu cu theo qui nh ca nh ch to khng lm qu ti
trn thanh ngang.
5.1.2.4.13. Khi t hp dn gio thanh thp ng ni, cc b phn phi gn cht vi

cc thanh ging cho ng to ra mt khi c nh. Cc ging cho ngang hoc

cc bin php ph hp c dng to cho dn gio vung gc vi mt nn v to ra
cc im neo cng theo ch dn ca nh ch to.
5.1.2.4.14. Tt c lin kt trn mt tng ca dn gio phi c lm chc chn trc

khi lp dng mt tng gio tip theo.

5.1.2.4.15. Ni d b nh ln, cm cc thanh ng phi c kho cng nhau theo

chiu ng bng cc cht hoc bin php tng ng.

5.1.2.4.16. Cc b phn dn gio do cc nh sn xut khc nhau ch to khng c

lp vo cng mt h gio.
5.1.2.4.17. Khi tho d h dn gio, cc b phn pha trn mi thanh neo phi c

tho d trc khi tho d thanh neo.

5.1.2.4.18. T hp dn gio thanh thp ng ni c chiu cao vt qu 37,5 m t trn

chn c iu chnh phi do cc chuyn gia k thut thit k. Cn sao chp li

bn v v cc c im k thut ti ch phc v cng tc kim tra.
5.1.2.5. DN GIO KHUNG THP NG CH TO SN (hnh 6-Ph lc C).

5.1.2.5.1. Khong cch gia cc khung phi thch hp vi ti trng tc ng. Nh

ch to phi c ch dn v ti trng cho php, kiu ging v cc b ni.
5.1.2.5.2. Cc chn khung st nn phi lp cc chn c iu chnh v t trn
cc tm chng ln c th chu c ti trng ti a ca h.
5.1.2.5.3. Khi t mt khung trn mt khung khc, phi s dng b ni to cho cc
chn khung thng ng. Cc thanh neo phi theo quy nh iu 5.1.2.5.5.

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TCXDVN 296-2004
5.1.2.5.4. Ni d b nh ln, cc khung phi c kho cht vi nhau theo chiu
ng bng cc cht hoc bin php tng ng.
5.1.2.5.5. Khi s dng dn gio khung thp ng ch to sn phi tun theo yu cu
ca iu 5.1.2.4.9.
5.1.2.5.6. Khung v cc b phn do cc nh sn xut khc nhau ch to khng c
lp ln, tr cc b phn c cc thng s tng ng.
5.1.2.5.7. Phi kim tra nh k khung v ph kin ca dn gio ng thp ch to
sn. Nhng b phn h hng hay b mn, phi c thay th. Cng tc bo tr phi c tin hnh trc khi s dng.
5.1.2.6. DN GIO DI NGIU KHIN TAY ( hnh 7,8,9-Ph lc C).

(Thit b iu khin bng in khng cp trong tiu chun ny).

A- CAO LM VIC

5.1.2.6.1. Chiu cao ca thp dn gio di ng khi ng c lp khng c ln hn

bn ln kch thc nh nht chn gio. Cc khung m rng c tnh vo phn kch
thc nh nht chn gio.
5.1.2.6.2. Chiu rng nh nht ca sn cng tc trn cc tng khng c nh hn
0,5 m. Nu dng vn hay sn ghp, tng chiu rng phi p ng cc yu cu nu
trn. Khe h gia cc vn sn lin k khng ln hn 2,5 cm .
5.1.2.6.3. Cc dn gio phi c ging cht bng cc ging ch thp, ging ngang
hay ging xin; bng nh v sn cng tc hoc cc bin php tng t lin kt
cc thanh ng lin k nhau, bo m vung gc v thng hng.
5.1.2.6.4. Sn cng tc phi c nh v cht, chng c s chuyn dch theo cc
phng.

B- BNH XE

5.1.2.6.5. Cc bnh xe c thit k phi m bo chu c bn ln ti trng tnh

ton.
5.1.2.6.6. Cc bnh xe phi c lp cao su hoc lp n hi vi vng m c ng
knh nh nht l 0,1m, tr khi c yu cu thit k c bit bng vt liu khc.
5.1.2.6.7. Cc bnh xe phi c vng m ni v b phn hm hoc kho chng
dch chuyn v chng xoay khi dn gio ng.

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TCXDVN 296-2004
5.1.2.6.8. Cc bnh xe phi lin kt cht vi chn dn gio hoc vi b ni bo m
cc bnh xe khng b bt ra khi lin kt trong bt k trng hp no.
5.1.2.6.9. Phi b kho cht cc bnh xe khi khng s dng .
C- S DNG DN GIO DI NG.

5.1.2.6.10. Phi m bo n nh thp trong khi di chuyn dn gio di ng. Trn

ng di chuyn phi khng c vt cn tr.
5.1.2.6.11. Khng cho php ngi, vt liu, dng c cm tay hoc cc thit b khc
ln sn cng tc khi dn gio ang di chuyn.
5.1.2.6.12. Khong cch nh nht gia cc chn khi dn gio phi di chuyn, t
nht phi bng mt na chiu cao dn gio. Cc khung m rng c lp bnh xe c
tnh l mt phn ca khong cch cc chn khi cc bnh xe lun tip xc vi
mt nn trong khi di chuyn.
5.1.2.7. DN GIO KIU THANG (hnh 10,11,12-Ph lc C).

5.1.2.7.1. Cc thang n hoc thang ko di c lp cng son, thang ch A, thang

ch A m rng c th c dng cc vn hay sn cng tc.
5.1.2.7.2. Tng trng lng ca cng nhn, vn sn, h v vt liu trn sn cng
tc khng c vt qu kh nng chu ti ca thang.
5.1.2.7.3. cao ln nht ca sn cng tc i vi dn gio kiu thang lp cng
son khng c vt qu 6m tnh t mt nn t thang;
cao ln nht ca sn cng tc i vi dn gio kiu thang khng lp cng
son khng c vt qu bn ln chiu rng t chn pha ngoi ca thang tr khi
dn gio c lin kt cht bng buc dy, neo hoc ging.
5.1.2.7.4. Mt nn chn thang phi c lm sch. Khng c vt liu ri hay
cht liu trn lm trt chn thang.
5.1.2.7.5. Thang c lp cng son:
a) Thang lp cng son dng vi vn g hay vn g c khung, ch dng cho mt ngi trn vn sn. Nu l vn ch to sn, s dng khng qu hai ngi trn vn sn,
nhng mi ngi phi ng trn mi na nhp vn sn.
b) Cc cng son phi c lin kt chc chn vi thang, m bo p ng mi yu
cu v ti trng theo tiu chun ny.
c) Cc thang khi ng phi t nghing khong 750 so vi phng ngang.

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TCXDVN 296-2004
d) Cc u cui trn v di ca thang phi lin kt chc chn vo kt cu ngay t
khi lp dng v trc khi s dng.
e) Chiu rng nh nht ca sn cng tc bng 0,45m nu l vn g; 0,30m nu l
vn ch to sn.
f) Mi cng nhn trn dn gio kiu thang lp cng son phi s dng dy bo him.
5.1.2.7.5. i vi thang ch A: Sn cng tc khng t cao hn bc th hai t trn
xung.
5.1.2.8. DN GIO TR V GI CNG SON DI NG (hnh 13-Ph lc C).

5.1.2.8.1. Gi cng son di ng, ging v cc ph kin c ch to sn bng cc

tm kim loi, thp gc. Mi gi phi c nh v bng hai im lin kt
chng b bin dng hay trt.
5.1.2.8.2. Chiu rng ca sn cng tc khng nh hn 0,45 m .
5.1.2.8.3. Cc tr ng t cch nhau khng qu 2,1 m theo tim tr; chiu cao tr
khng vt qu 9,0 m v khng c t qu mt gi di ng trn mt tr.
5.1.2.8.4. Cc tr ng phi lin kt cht vi cng trnh bng cc ging neo hnh
tam gic hoc tng ng ti chn, nh v cc im cn thit khc sao cho khong
cch gia cc im ging theo phng ng khng vt qu 3,0 m.
5.1.2.8.5. Cc thanh tr c ch to sn bng g hoc kim loi. Cc thanh tr phi
bo m c chiu di lin tc v cng loi ph hp. i vi tr bng g, khng c ni tng chiu di thanh.
5.1.2.8.6. Khi dng bn ph cao khong 1,0m so vi mt sn cng tc, c th
khng dng lan can an ton nu mt bn ph lt kn, cc vn c lin kt cht v
chu c ti trng 90 Kg theo mi phng.
5.1.2.8.7. Dn gio tr, gi di ng c thit k vi ti trng 200 Kg v khng
c qu hai ngi ng thi trn gio.
5.2.Nhm dn gio treo

5.2.1. Phn chung

5.2.1.1. Tt c vt t, cu kin v thit b dng lp t dn gio treo phi ph hp
vi ni dung ca tiu chun ny v nhng iu kin thc t c chp nhn.
5.2.1.2 Nhng ni c nhng iu kin bt thng nh: ng dy in, vt cn tr
gio di chuyn hoc thit b khc hot ng gn dn gio treo, v.v... cn t bin
cnh bo hay hng ro bo v m bo an ton cho ngi s dng.

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TCXDVN 296-2004
5.2.1.3. Ch cho php nhng ngi c o to v vn hnh, s dng v kim tra
dn gio treo c iu khin hot ng dn gio treo. Phi bo m an ton chng
ri ng vi yu cu t nht l mt dy treo c nh mc vo ngi hay dy tht lng
mi cng nhn v dy dng c.
5.2.1.4. Thit k, lp dng v di chuyn cc dn gio treo, phi c s gim st cht
ch ca chuyn gia k thut.
5.2.1.5. Cc tng gio (sn cng tc) dng vi dn gio treo, phi ph hp vi cc
quy nh phn 4 v sn cng tc.
5.2.1.6. Dng c v vt liu t trn dn gio, phi c bin php m bo ngn che
khng chng ri ra khi sn cng tc.
5.2.1.7. Tt c cc b phn ca dn gio nh cht, ai, ph kin, cp thp , dm
cha v lin kt phi c bo qun trong iu kin lm vic tt, nguyn dng v
phi kim tra trc mi khi lp dng v nh k sau .
5.2.1.8. Dng c chng ri ng v thot him khng c s dng ngi v vt
liu khi lm vic bnh thng.
5.2.1.9. Khi s dng dn gio hai im treo, nghing gia hai u sn cng tc
phi gii hn trong phm vi 1 / 12 theo chiu di .
A- LP DNG DN GIO TREO.

5.2.1.10. Khi s dng h rng rc tng cng kh nng mang ti, h thng treo
phi c thit k chu c bn ln mc ti trng thit b nng, nhn vi s lng cc
dy cp ch ng.
5.2.1.11. Cc thanh ging pha sau (neo sau) phi t vung gc vi mt nh v
lin kt cht vi phn kt cu chc chn ca nh. Cc thanh neo sau phi tng ng vi dy cp treo v bn chu lc.
5.2.1.12. Phi c bin php gim thiu s xoay ti mt bng cng tc hoc h lan
can bo v phi ro kn quanh sn cng tc.
5.2.1.13. Sn nhiu tng hay sn treo c bo him pha trn u ngi phi b sung
cc dy c lp c bn tng ng dy cp treo c th cc b phn dn
gio nu h treo chnh b hng. Dy b sung phi lin kt vi b phn kt cu khc
vi h treo chnh v kh nng chu ton b ti trng c treo.
5.2.1.14. Ton b ph kin kp, ni cc dy c lp lin kt vi dn gio treo phi
c th nghim khi dng v gi t nht bng 125 % ti trng treo.

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5.2.1.15. gim kh nng xut hin dng in hn mt chiu truyn qua dy cp
treo khi hn trn gio, cn c cc bin php phng nga sau:
- Dng ng cch in bc tng dy cp ti ch treo (nh mc neo gc hay dm cng
son). Cc on cp tha v bt k dy c lp b sung phi cch ly vi t.
- Cp treo phi c bc cch in mt on t nht 1,2m pha trn my nng.
- Cc on dy di my nng cng phi cch in chng tip xc vi sn cng
tc v chng ni t.
- Mi my nng phi c ph kn mt lp bo v bng vt liu cch in.
- Nu dy ni t b t, phi tt my hn.
- Trong mi trng hp, khng c php dy hn khng c cch in hoc que
hn ch ng tip xc vi dn gio hoc h thng treo.
B- THIT B NNG CHY MY (MY NNG).

5.2.1.16. Tc chuyn ng ln nht theo phng ng ca mt dn gio treo

chy my khng c ln hn 10,5 m /pht.
5.2.1.17. Tt c my nng u phi lp b hm chnh v hm ph .
5.2.1.18. Mi my nng phi c bng iu khin ring. Nu bng iu khin kiu
nt bm, th p lc bm phi khng i. Nu bng iu khin kiu c nh, th phi
c t trc ch kha t ng khi v tr "Ngt", phng nga tai nn xy ra.
5.2.1.19. Mi my nng u phi c ghi nhn vi cc ni dung sau :
- Tn nh sn xut;
- Ti trng ti a;
- S chng ch xc nhn;
- Nhng quy nh k thut ca cp si thp.
C- DY DN V THIT B IN.

5.2.1.20. Tt c cc dy dn v bng in phi tun theo cc tiu chun hin hnh

c lin quan.
5.2.1.21. Dy cp cp in cho thit b nng phi c mt dy ring ni t cho
thit b nng. Mi im ni kim loi u phi c dy tip t.
5.2.1.22. Phi c bin php hoc lp thit b gim lc ko cng trnh cho dy
cp b ko t ti cc mi ni cp khi dn gio hot ng hoc khi di chuyn t v
tr ny sang v tr khc.
D- DY AI NGANG LNG V DY BO H.

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5.2.1.23. Mi ngi trn dn gio treo hai im hay im n phi s dng dy ai
ngang lng hoc dy eo dng c v mt dy neo mm ni vi dy bo h. Dy bo
h phi lin kt cht vi mt mc neo c nh, c lp vi h dn gio v sn
cng tc. Dy bo h v mc neo phi kh nng mt trng lng tnh t nht
l 2500 Kg.
Ch thch: Cc ng ng c nh v ng thng hi khng c dng lm b phn
neo.
5.2.1.24. Cc dy c lp b sung c bn chu lc tng ng vi cc cp treo,
c th dng thay cho dy ri. Cc dy ny phi lin kt cht vi cc mc neo c
nh khc khng thuc h dn gio.
5.2.1.25. Dy an ton, dy c nh v cc mc neo khc phi kh nng chu mt
trng lng tnh t nht l 1800 Kg.
5.2.1.26. i vi dn gio c thit b bo v hay c vt cn pha trn u ngi lm
vic, hoc khi s dng cc dn gio treo nhiu tng, phi tun theo cc quy nh
ca iu 6.5.2; 6.2.4; 6.2.5.
E- THIT B NNG IU KHIN BNG TAY.

5.2.1.27. Tt c cc trng cun ti phi b tr mt cht li v mt cht kho c ci

t ng kho trng bt k khi no cht li nh ra.
5.2.1.28. Mi trng cun ti phi c mt thit b lin kt cht vi dy cp treo.
Phn lin kt ny kh nng chu t nht bn ln mc nng ca thit b nng.
5.2.1.29. Mi trng cun ti phi c khng t hn bn vng dy cp ti v tr thp
nht ca hnh trnh nng.
5.2.1.30. Mi thit b nng phi tun theo cc hng dn ca nh ch to v vn
hnh v bo dng.
5.2.1.31. Cn phi c cc bin php ng ph vi tnh hung mt an ton xy ra bt
ng trong khi ang lm vic.
F- DY CP TREO

5.2.1.32. Mi dy cp dng cho dn gio treo phi chu c t nht su ln mc

nng ca thit b nng.
5.2.1.33. Trn si cp thp phi c nhn ghi thi gian sn xut.
5.2.1.34. Dy cp phi di c th h cao lm vic ti im thp nht m
khng ht cp. Dy cp tha phi c cun li, trnh cho cp b tht nt v xon do
b dn dy cp treo khi trc ti ko.

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5.2.1.35. Khng c sa cha li dy cp treo khi b khuyt tt.
5.2.1.36. Dy cp thp treo phi c bo tr theo ch dn ca nh ch to v phi c thay th khi c cc hin tng sau:
a) Nhng h hng v vt l lm cho c tnh v cng ca dy cp suy gim;
b) Cc im dy b xon c th lm nguy hi cho qu trnh nh hay cun dy vo
trng hoc qua rng rc.
c) Khi c cc si nh b t gy trong mt dy cp.
d) B mn vt, b n mn ho hc, xy xt, b bp hoc b ba p lm, hoc bt k
l do no lm gim ng knh ban u ca cc si thp.
e) Nhng h hi do b t nng v nhit hay do tip xc hoc b chp in.
G- CNG TC KIM TRA, BO TR

5.2.1.37. Dn gio phi c lp dng ng b. Trc khi hot ng phi c kim

tra ti hin trng. Vic lp dng phi tun th cc yu cu ca tiu chun ny v
ph hp vi hng dn ca nh ch to.
5.2.1.38. Tt c cc cp si thp, cp si tng hp, cc mc treo, mc neo, sn
cng tc; cc thit b nng, cc thit b chng ri, ng v cc im neo, cc lin kt,
u phi c kim tra trc mi ln lp dng. Vic kim tra ton b h thng phi
c thc hin trc khi a vo s dng.
Bt k mt b phn c du hiu hng hc hoc trc trc u phi thay th.

5.2.1.39. B iu chnh v phanh ph c kim tra theo cc ni dung sau:

- Trnh t theo ch dn ca nh ch to nhng khng qu mt nm;
- m bo rng thit b khi ng v phanh ph hot ng tt;
- Nu khng c iu kin th nghim ti hin trng, phi chuyn thit b
khi ng hoc my nng n c s th nghim chun kim tra. Trong thi gian
a thit b ny i th nghim, khng c php s dng dn gio.
5.2.1.40. Mi b phn ca h dn gio phi c bo tr v s dng ng quy trnh
theo hng dn ca nh ch to.
5.2.2. Mt s loi dn gio treo
5.2.2.1. DN GIO TREO NHIU IM (hnh14 n hnh 21-Ph lc C)..

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TCXDVN 296-2004
5.2.2.1.1. Dn gio phi c bng h khung, cc thanh ngang, thanh dc v cc
b phn kt cu khc ph hp vi iu 5.2.1.
5.2.2.1.2. Cc si cp treo phi tun theo cc quy nh iu 5.2.1.32 n 5.2.1.36
v phi c lp dng nh quy nh t iu 5.2.1.10 n 5.2.1.15. 5.2.2.1.3. Ngi
lm vic trn dn gio phi c trang b dy eo tht lng, dng c. Trn sn cng
tc phi c lp t lan can bo v theo 4.5.
5.2.2.2. DN GIO TREO NHIU IM C IU CHNH (hnh15 -Ph lc C).

5.2.2.2.1. Dn gio phi chu c mt ti trng cng tc l 250Kg/m2 v khng c

cht ti vt qu ti trng tnh ton.
5.2.2.2.2. c hm hay cht kho, phi b tr u mt mi dm cng son treo cp.
5.2.2.2.3. Cc dm cng son c t trn mt khi k bng g .
5.2.2.2.4. Cc cht kho thp hay kp kho, lin kt cc dy cp thp vi cc
dm cng son di ng, phi c t trc tip trn my nng dn gio.
5.2.2.2.5. Khi cng nhn lm vic trn gio v c nguy him t pha trn phi lp t h
bo v trn u cho cng nhn vi chiu cao khng qu 2,7 m tnh t mt sn.
5.2.2.3. DN GIO TREO HAI IM (hnh 16,17,18,19,20 -Ph lc C).

5.2.2.3.1. Sn dn gio treo hai im c chiu rng khng c nh hn 0,5m v

khng ln hn 0,9m v ph hp vi 4.4.4.2. Sn cng tc phi c lin kt cht
vi cc thanh treo hoc thanh dn ngang bng cc mc treo hay cc ai ph hp
vi cc qui nh phn lp dng v phn dy cp treo.
Ch thch: Ni c khong cch cht hp, c th dng sn vi chiu rng 0,3m nhng bo m ph hp vi cc qui nh ca 4.4.1; 4.3.3; 4.4.4.
5.2.2.3.2. My nng (iu khin tay hay ng c) phi c thit k v th nghim
theo quy nh t 5.2.1.16 n 5.2.1.19 hoc t 5.2.1.27 n 5.2.1.31.
5.2.2.3.3. H lan can bo v lp t theo qui nh ca 4.5. Li thp t theo 4.5.6.
Thanh treo gia my nng v sn cng tc c coi l mt mt bn ca h lan can
nu v tr cch mp sn cng tc khng ln hn 0,3m. Vic thit k li i qua
thanh treo i hi c ring h lan can bo v.
5.2.2.3.4. Mi ngi trn dn gio treo u phi mang dy an ton nh qui nh
phn dy ai ngang lng v dy bo h.
5.2.2.3.5. Rng rc dng cho cp si php hay si tng hp phi c kch thc ph
hp vi kch thc dy cp s dng. Rng rc phi c cc mc treo an ton.

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TCXDVN 296-2004
5.2.2.3.6. Phi lm gim dao ng, xoay ca dn gio bng mt trong cc
bin php sau, c bit khi h gio treo v tr cao:
a) B tr h dy treo gc c ko vi mt lc t nht 5 Kg theo phng ngang
ta vo cng trnh, ni dn gio c nng ln;
b) S dng cc im neo gi ni tip nhau;
c) Buc cht dn gio ti cc v tr lm vic.
5.2.2.3.7. Sn cng tc c th ni vi nhau ti b mt cng cao trnh. Li i t sn
ny sang sn bn cnh qua cc thanh treo ch c lp t v s dng khi c thit k
c th.
5.2.2.4. DN GIO TREO NHIU TNG (hnh 20 -Ph lc C).

5.2.2.4.1. Ton b h sn cng tc phi lin kt trc tip vi nhau v vi mt

trn thanh . Sn cng tc ph hp vi cc qui nh phn 4.4.
5.2.2.4.2. Cng nhn trn mt tng gio khng c tro ln hoc xung mt tng
gio khc khi lm vic trn dn gio ang treo, tr khi s dng dy bo him.
5.2.2.5.DN GIO TREO NHIU IM IU CHNH BNG CN GT (hnh21 -Ph lc C).

5.2.2.5.1. Dn gio phi chu c ti trng cng tc l 125Kg/m2 v khng c vt

ti. Trn dn gio khng c cht ng t hay vt liu khc.
5.2.2.5.2. My nng (iu khin tay hay ng c) v kt cu phi c thit k v
th nghim theo quy nh t 5.2.1.16 n 5.2.1.19 hoc t 5.2.1.27 n 5.2.1.31.
5.2.2.5.3. Khi hai hay nhiu dn gio lin k dng cho mt cng trnh hay kt cu,
chng khng c s dng lm cu ni t dn gio ny sang dn gio khc, nhng
c th duy tr s n nh mi cao vi cc sn gio lin k.
5.2.2.6. DN GIO TREO MT IM (hnh22,23 -Ph lc C).

5.2.2.6.1. C th kt hp thnh dn gio treo hai im t hai dn gio treo mt

im, khi phi tun theo cc qui nh ca 5.2.2.3.
5.2.2.6.2. Cc phng php treo phi ph hp vi cc qui nh ca phn 5.2.1.
5.2.2.7. GH NGI TREO (hnh24 -Ph lc C).

5.2.2.7.1. Mt gh ngi lm bng g phi c ng np ging mt di gh

chng v, nt vn g v kh nng chu mt ti trng 120 Kg.
5.2.2.7.2. Phi c dy an ton cho mi cng nhn trn gh treo theo cc iu t
5.2.1.23 n 5.2.1.26.
5.2.2.8. DN GIO TREO MC NI TIP (hnh25 -Ph lc C).

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TCXDVN 296-2004
5.2.2.8.1. Sn cng tc phi c mc c nh mi u khng cho vn b trt v
tut khi dy cp hoc khng b ri khi mt trong cc dy cp b t. Vn sn nh
hnh phi rng t nht 0,5 m.
5.2.2.8.2. Sn cng tc c thit k vi ti trng cng tc l 200Kg v khng c
qa 2 ngi lm vic trn mt n v sn. Khng c t nhiu hn mt n v sn
gia cc dy treo ng, v khng t nhiu hn 2 n v sn trn mt dn gio treo
mc ni tip.
5.2.2.8.3. Cc dy cp thp khng c ko qu cng lm gim kh nng mang ti
trn dy. Kh nng chu ti dc theo cp phi t 900 Kg. Dy cp thp phi lin
tc, khng c ni cp gia cc im neo. ng knh nh nht ca cp thp l 12
mm v phi kh nng chu lc gp su ln ti trng thit k.
5.2.2.8.4. Cc dy treo ng phi t cch nhau khng qu 1,5m gim vng
dy cp treo ngang.
5.2.2.8.5. Cc dy treo ng c th l dy thng, dy cp si tng hp, dy cp si
thp v kh nng chu c ti trng thit k.
5.2.2.8.6. Khi sn gio cao trn 3,0m so vi t hay sn nh, cng nhn phi mang
dy an ton lin kt cht vi b phn kt cu ngoi dn gio hoc dng li chn an
ton.

5.2.2.9. DN GIO DM TREO ( hnh 26 -Ph lc C).

5.2.2.9.1. Cc dm g phi ph hp vi 4.3.1 v c tit din mt ct ngang khng

nh hn 0,10m x 0,16 m. Cnh c kch thc ln t theo phng ng. C th s
dng cc dm kim loi hoc tng ng ph hp vi qui nh trn.
5.2.2.9.2. Cc dy treo hoc im treo l im ca dn gio. Nhp gia cc im
dm khng c vt qu 3,0m i vi dm g 0,10m x 0,16m.
5.2.2.9.3. Nhp gia cc dm treo khng c vt qu 2,4m nu dng vn sn cng
tc dy 0,05m. i vi nhp ln hn 2,4m, sn cng tc phi c thit k theo trng hp nhp c bit. Chiu di phn tha mi u vn sn khng nh hn
0,15m v khng ln hn 0,3m.
5.2.2.9.4. Nu mt dm treo cao hn dm kia hoc khi sn khng ngang phng, sn
cng tc phi c neo gi cht chng b trt.
5.2.2.9.5. Khi lp dng, lm vic hoc tho d mt dm dn gio cao hn 3,0m
trn mt t hay sn nh, mi cng nhn phi s dng dy an ton vi dy neo

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TCXDVN 296-2004
hoc dy dng c chng ng gii hn trong phm vi 1,8m. Dy neo hoc dy
dng c chng ng phi c lin kt vi b phn cng trnh ngoi dn gio.
5.2.2.9.5. Mi dng c khng c dy neo, ph tng ri dng trn dn gio dm
treo, phi c gi trong hp ngh ph hp.
5.2.2.9.6. Mi u dm treo phi c mt phn kt cu ph hp vi 4.3.1.
5.3. Nhm dn gio neo, ta vo cng trnh

5.3.1. Phn chung .

5.3.1.1 Nhp cho php ln nht ca sn cng tc phi tun theo iu 4.23 ; 4.24 v
ph hp vi kh nng mang ti ca sn.
5.3.1.2. H lan can v thanh chn chn tun theo quy nh iu 4.27; Li thp
phi ph hp vi iu 4.27.5.
5.3.2. Mt s loi dn gio neo ta vo cng trnh
5.3.2.1. DN GIO DM CNG SN (GIO BY) ( hnh27 -Ph lc C).

5.3.2.1.1. Cc dm cng sn khng c nh ra khi mt nh qu 1,8 m. u pha

trong ca dm, tnh t gi ta n im cui ca vt , khng nh hn 1,5 ln
chiu di u pha ngoi. im ta ca dm phi k trn ming m kch thc ti
thiu 0,15m theo hai phng nm ngang. Dm phi t n nh, chng s chuyn
dch v c ging cht ti im ta chng lt.
5.3.2.1.2. Cc u trong ca dm, phi c gi cht bng cc thanh chng ta vo
bu ca v t ln dm trn hoc trn nh. Ton b kt cu phi c ging c hai
hng ngn chuyn v ngang.
5.3.2.2. DN GIO H KHUNG KIU THC TH (hnh28,29,30 -Ph lc C).

5.3.2.2.1. Dn gio c lm t g hoc cc vt liu thch hp khc nh thp, nhm c

bn tng ng v phi c thit k chu ti trng nh nht 125 Kg/m2.
5.3.2.2.2. Khng b tr qu hai ngi trong phm vi 2,4 m theo chiu di dn gio
trong mi trng hp. Dng c v vt liu khng vt qu 35 Kg cng ngi ti v tr
lm vic.
A- DN GIO HNH S 4 (hnh28 -Ph lc C).

5.3.2.2.3. Cc thng s thit k nh nht, tun theo bng 4.

5.3.2.2.4. Cc khung dm hnh s 4 t cch nhau khng qu 2,4 m theo tim v
phi lm t g c.

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5.3.2.2.5. Dm gm 2 thanh ngang kch thc 0,025m x 0,015 m ng inh vo
hai mt i din ca thanh ng. Dm ny khng di qu 1,0 m tnh t mp
ngoi thanh ng v phi c ging cht chng xoay v lt.
5.3.2.2.6. Sn cng tc gm hai hoc nhiu vn sn di, ko di qua dm
ngang t nht 0,015 m tr khi vn c lin kt cht vi dm ngang v khng c
qu 0,30m, nu khng c pha di.
BNG 4. THNG S NH NHT CHO DN GIO H KHUNG S 4.
TI TRNG125 KG/M2

CC B PHN

Kch thc tit din:

-Thanh ng
-Thanh ngang (hai)
-Thanh chng cho (hai)
Chiu di ln nht ca thanh ngang
Nhp cc thanh ng

KCH THC(m)

0,05 x 0,10 hoc 0,05 x 0,15

0,025 x 0,15
0,025 x 0,15
1,0 (khng tr )
2,4 (t tim n tim)

B- DN GIO H KHUNG KIM LOI ( hnh29-Ph lc C v bng 5).

5.3.2.2.7. Cc b phn kim loi ca dn gio phi c lin kt bu lng hoc hn

vo khung dn gio. Cc khung kiu gp phi dng bu lng hoc cht kha
an ton khi m ra s dng.
5.3.2.2.8. Cc khung kim loi t cch nhau khng qu 2,4 m tnh theo tim.
5.3.2.2.9. Hai u ca vn sn phi nh v bu lng hoc ko di qua khung t
nht 0,15m v khng vt qu 0,3m nu khng c thanh b sung.
BNG 5.THNG S NH NHT CHO DN GIO H KHUNG KIM LOITI TRNG125 KG/M2

B PHN

Kch thc tit din:

-Tr lan can
-Tay vn
-Thanh chn gia
-Thanh chn chn
Chiu cao lan can
Nhp cc dm kim loi (ph hp vi thit k ca nh
ch to)

KCH THC(m)

0,05 x 0,10
0,05 x 0,10
0,025 x0,15
0,025 x 0,15
0,9 n 1,20
2,4

C- DN GIO H KHUNG G ( hnh 30 -Ph lc C).

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TCXDVN 296-2004
5.3.2.2.10. Dn gio h khung g c cu to t cc khung g hnh tam gic l
phn chnh ca kt cu tng th.
5.3.2.2.11. Vn sn phi c ng inh vo cc thanh dc v thanh ngang ca dn
gio. Vn sn phi ko di qua cc thanh ngang cui t nht mt on 0,15m v
khng qu 0,3m nu khng c thanh .
5.3.2.2.12. Nhp cho php ln nht i vi vn sn phi ph hp vi 4.4.3; 4.4.4.
5.3.2.2.13. Thng s thit k nh nht qui nh trong bng 6.
BNG 6. THNG S NH NHT CHO DN GIO H KHUNG G.
TI TRNG125 KG/M2

CC B PHN

KCH THC

Kch thc tit din:

-Cc thanh chng ng
-Cc thanh ngang
-Cc thanh ging
-Tr lan can
-Thanh chn gia
-Thanh chn chn
Chiu cao lan can
Chiu rng khung ln nht
Nhp gia cc thanh ng

(m)

0,05 x 0,10 hoc 0,05 x 0,15

0,05 x 0,15
0,025 x 0,15
0,05x 0,10
0,025 x 0,15
0,025 x 0,15
0,9 n 1,0
1,0
2,4m (t tim n tim)

5.3.2.3. DN GIO NEO VO CA S ( hnh 31 -Ph lc C).

5.2.2.3.1. Dm neo c thit k, lp dng phi to ra b phn kp lin kt cht

vo l ca s v kh nng chu ti trng thit k.
5.2.2.3.2. Dn gio neo vo ca s ch c dng khi lm vic l ca s c ch
mc lin kt.
5.2.2.3.3. Khng c dng dm neo cc vn ni t ca s ny sang ca s
khc hoc cc b phn ca dn gio..
5.2.2.3.4. Cc dn gio neo ca s phi lp lan can an ton thch hp theo 4.5 tr
khi s dng dy an ton.
---------------------------------

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TCXDVN 296-2004

PH LC A

KHO ST HIN TRNG

(Tham kho)

Trc khi tin hnh cng tc xy dng v ph d trong cc iu kin c nguy

c mt an ton cao, kh c th loi tr bng cc phng tin my mc th phi
kim trav phi ht sc cn thn trong thao tc. Cc cn b k thut cn tin hnh
kho st cc iu kin cng trng xc nh nhng nguy c mt an ton c th
gp khi lp dng v tho d dn gio.
Cng tc kho st phi bao gm cc bc sau :
(1) Li i li v di chuyn an ton.
a) Din tch lm vic
b) Li i b, li i ca cc phng tin xe c v ng ray cn trc v.v..
c) Cc cu thang leo, thang b v cc thit b nng.
d) Bo v cc l sn l mi (nhng l hng khng c mi che)
e) Chiu sng (c n bo v v n chiu sng cng tc - ban m)
(2) Cc phng tin giao thng :
a) ng s :
-Khng gian quay xe
-Khng gian bi xe
b) Bi kho vt liu v bi vt t (kho bi v bi vt t)
c) Cc bin bo, ch dn trn cc ng i ca xe c
d) Bo dng v sa cha cc phng tin, thit b
(3) S dng v dch v.
a) Ni t cc cng trnh tm
b) V tr v bin bo ch dn cc ng dy cao th (ch dn bng n hiu;
bin bo hoc lp cc barie ngn chn tip xc.
c) Cc khu v sinh v ni ung nc
(4) K hoch cng tc an ton.

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a) M bo him, dy neo v dy eo tht lng an ton; knh bo h, gng tay,
cc qun o bo h lao ng, ng v nhng phng tin khc...
b) Lp s , k hoch tng mc cng vic theo tin thi gian, trnh
n tc, chng cho (s PERT)
c) Lp dng sn tm, li an ton v gin gio tm thi ni cn thit
(5) Cc phng tin lm vic.
a) Khng gian
b) Thit b nh cn cu, thit b nng, my vn thng, cu trc, xe ti.
c) Cc thit b dy neo.
(6) Cc dng c - thit b
a) Sa cha, bo dng v kim tra gim st
b) Kim tra
c) Cung ng cc dng c cho tng cng vic
(7) Cng nhn v i trng
a) K hp ng cng vic
b) Tp hun v gim st
c) S lng cng nhn
d) Cc ti liu hng dn duy tr s an ton
+ Tp ch, s thnh tch, cc yt th - thng bo
+ Cc cam kt ca nhm th hay c nhn
+ iu tra (thanh tra) v bo co tai nn
+ Ph bin kin thc v an ton
+ Cc cuc hp v an ton
+ Cc ti liu hng dn quy nh v an ton cho cc nhn vin mi.
e) Lp cc quy nh, sa i li cc iu kin v hot ng mt an ton
f) X l cp cu v y t.

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