MANGA RESERVOTR
RECORD FLOOD IN RIVER JHELUN
OF 10-93-41ee oe
Resume of Flood
On 9-9-1992 at 0600 hours the inflows in Muugla
Reservoir slightly increased when the level rose up
to 1202.75 SPD, whereas the outflow was 32000 cusecs
from Power Station only. Although it was felt o flashet
but even then at 0912 jwote main spillway gates were
opened for @ maximum discharge of 1,08,000 at
reservoir a
was received from Flood Warning Station at 1000f hours
that a flood discharge of 3.5 lac to 4.5 lac cusecs is
oD
Ey
Subsequently wireless wessege |)
reaching Hengle Reservoir. Schematic disgrau of River
Jhelua ‘is attached at Exhibiv<2,
Actually ‘first peak of high flood of 9,287,075 cuseos
reached Hengla on 9-9-1992 at 1700 hours when the spille
way was discharging 5,25,010 cusecs at clevation 1
the level was kept at elevation 1206.93 SPD upto
the spillway discharge of 5,89,500 cusecs.
way outflows were steadily increased to the uaxiuua disgharge
the epill-
of 9 lec cusecs at O430 hours on 10-9-1952 when the reservoir
ion 1207.83 SPD. This was the nd UL
val
level rose upti
peak of record flood cf 10,90,000 cusecs which entered the
reservoir, The full arge from spillway was in addition
to the 33,000 cusecs frow the Power Station,
The erodible bund is at elevation 7120900°SPD end yas
raised frow elevation 1206.00 SPD a uonth before to cater
for the reised conservation level of 1204' SPD.Although this heavy discharge of 9 lac cusecs from
wain spillwey wes within the permissible values which was
also agreed on telephone both by General Manager (D&C)and
Chief Engineer DSO but even then it brought great havoc and
catastrophe in Jhelum Town on downstream of Mangla Dam,
The horrific flood water gushing through fully opened
main spillway rushed down, destroying, crops, bridges and
buildings in the river course of about 30 wiles below the
reservoir, The violent beating of the waves washed awey the
hamilton bridge and the clay beds of both the abutments exe
posing them and thereby widened the tailrace channel on both
sides of the bridge. ‘There was no other way to control the
high flood in Jhelum River of 9,87,015 cusecs at 1700 houra~
on 9-9-92 followed by another record high flood or 10,90,000 |
cusecs at 0430 hour: on 10-9-1992 as sxplained below.
By the Grace of God this high flood was controlled with the
operation of Hain Spillway and Power Station et 0600 hours
on 14-9=$2 when the spillway discharge was reduced to 1,26,000
susece. Hydrograph of major historic flood in River Jhelum at
Bxhibit-3,
Emergency Spililwey
The flood storage zone of 1207.83" to 1228.7' SPD was
not utilized during this bigh flood due to the non-operation
of Euergency Spillway for the following reasons:
(4) In absence of a permanent access bridge over River
Thelua the communication between A.K. territory and
ing
of Bara Kes Nalleh and was aleo not advisable from
Punjab would have been disrupted due to the flo.
defence point of view,
Cont ae... 3/~Be
se
(4i) fhe main spillway alone was capable of passing of
9 lec cusece flood water without sigaificent sur-
charge above 1209" SPD i.e, top of efrodible bund.
(4di) The emergency spillway would have discharged only
25,000 cusecs at the reservoir level of 1208" SPD
which is a meager discharge being catered by the
main spillway.
(iv) the operation of emergency spillway could have
caused severe damages to the different installe-
tions, residential and non-residentiel buildings,
¥.G.Gollege, Grid Station, Stores both of Army Corps
HQ and. WAPDA located in the channel of ewergency
spillway,
(v) In addition to the above the defence installation
would have been exposed to the flood water in the
energency spillway channel.
(vi) It would have flooded the 4.K. territory beyond
1210'SPD for which payment has never been wade,
Pak Arey
The Station Commander Pek Army Mangla Cantt was
immediately informed by Resident Engineer(Civil) at 1020
hours on 9-9-1992. Soon after he received a wireless
message from the Flood Werning Station that @ high flood
is going to enter Mengla Reservoir and that they should
remove their valuable property/installations ete from the
exergency channel to so: other safer place.
A plan/drewing showing the flood limits, due to the
operation of caergency spillway channel at different
Cont'd... .4/~4
elevations of the reservoir level, was provided to the
Station Commander alongwith the messege. The said plan
was previously supplied to the Army HQ Mangla on similar
eccasion during flood season.
The high officers of ary rushed for the inspection
of erodible bund, which was raised from 1205' SPD to
elevation 1209' SPD in the emergency spillway in-take
channel, at about 1415 hours on 9-9-92, The reservoir
level was 1204.50" SPD and the outflow from reservoir was
1,84,000 cusecs against the inflow of 4,70,000 cusecs.
The Corps Commander discussed flood situation with
Resident Engineer(Civil) at site and also sdvised bis
to avoid over topping. The Corps Commander also assured (verbally:
that he will provide a temporary bridge in case of failure
of Hamilton Bridge at a discharge exceeding 2,50,000 cusecs.
The Aray Military Police was regularly watching the
‘flood situation and the behaviour of erodible bund. the
Corps Commander was inquiring on telephone from Chief -
Engineer Mangla the status of the flood situation.
On 10-9-1992 two Brigadiers and a General visited Chief
Engineer Mangla Office to observe the spillway operations in
detail. The concerned high ups of Army Officers congradulated
Chief Engineer Mangla for the gucceseful operation of flood
routing when by the Grace of God this high flood was
controlled,
The Amy Officers fully concentrated ox the protection
of the temporary erodible bund and its safety due to defence
point of view i.e, to protect their defence installations
Cont'd... 6S/=would have resulted in case of flooding of Bara Kes
Nalleh and damage of the access bridge. ‘The situation
was such that the high record flood of 10,90,000 cuseca |
received in the reservoir was shaved off to 9,00,000 Os. |
on the downstream of the Dam. This flooded the low lying
erea and caused colossal damages to the people stated to
be unaware and unprepared.
The high floods received should have been controlled
in a better way provided the inflows of the high floods
were known to us, We only relied on our own discharges
from the main spillway which were adjusted from time to
time to over-come the increasing level in the Reservoir,
Access Bridge end Link Roads
The existing temporary haimilton bridge washed away
at 2315 hours when the elevation of Reservoir was 1206.93'
SPD and the spillway was discharging 5,89,500 cusecs, The
tailrace channel was deeply scoured by about 30 Teet to
40 feet when the clay beds on both the abutments were washed
away thus widening the river channel to approximately double
of its previous size. This deep scour exposed the abutments
and pier No. 1 was completely sunk down and tilted and the
bridge washed sway. Drawing showing piers location at
Exhibit-+.
Re-alignment of Dina Mirpur Link rosd is «
required above the high flood level. We have practically
sentially
noticed during high flood that the existing Dine - Mirpur
Gont'd,.26/-Se
~6-
road was flooded near Pendori bridge and the Army Astable
near Baral Colony when the spillway wes discharging
3,81,000 cusecs at 1900 hours on 9-9-1992 and rewained
submerged till 2000 hours on 10-9-1992 when the spillway
discharges were reduced to 5,81,000 cusecs.
Flocd Damages
i) Callender hamilton bridge collapsed and washed away.
di) Mangle Rawat Power Supply line ( Two No. Towers)
(132 KV) completely up-rooted and washed away,
iii) Exceasive cutting of both the banks of tailrace
and the river channel down to right benk colony
with deep scour at pier No. 1 of the bridge.
iv) Water supply line of Colonies, Telecomuunication )
syatem between Mangla and outside stations was
coupletely damaged.
v) The Power House Machine Cooling System was badly
affected by flood water being highly muddy which
choked all filters and resulted in rise in temp:
of the units for which the Power House was under
loaded,
vi) Drinking water of main colony was badly affected
because of choking of filters due to muddy flood
wate:
vii) The high discharge of Main Spillvay flooded the toe
of Main Dam resulting in choking of the filter bed
(drainage uatress) under the dowstreeu shoulder at
station 89400 to 90400, ‘The stored water in the
filter bed was subsequently oozing out in the fora
of piping and boiling in the low line area near the