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COHESION &
COHERENCE
Cohesion
Cohesion is continuity in word and sentence structure.
Cohesion is limited to the linguistic to the linguistic markers
that cue the comprehenders on how to build such coherence
representation.
Cohesion emphasizes discourse as product.
There are five different types of cohesion: reference,
substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical
cohesion.
However, these have been further refined and the five
categories have been reduced into four, with substitution
being seen as a sub category of ellipsis.
It is the non-structural resources for discourse.
The cohesive devices themselves do not create the
relationships in the text; what they do is to make the
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relationship explicit.
Reference
Fig of Reference
Conjunction
Conjunction differs from reference, substitution,
and ellipsis in that it is not a device for reminding
the reader of previously mentioned entities, action,
and state of affairs. In other words, it is not what a
linguist call an anaphoric relation. However, it is a
cohesive relation because it signals relationship
that can only be fully understood through reference
to other parts of text.
There are 4 types of conjunctiontemporality,
causality, addition, and adversity (contrast).
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A: O.K.
(Widdowson, 1978, p. 12)
b) Cohesion is necessary, though not sufficient in the
creation of coherent texts. In other words, cohesion is a
crucial though not exclusive factor contributing to
coherence, since it facilitates the comprehension of
underlying semantic relations.
Relationship between
cohesion andcoherence
Coherence
The term cohesion applies to the surface structure
of the text and the concepts and relation underlying
its meaning.
Coherence is a continuity in meaning and context.
Coherence can be reserved for conceptual
relationship that comprehenders use construct a
coherent mental representation accomodated by
what is said in discourse.
Coherence emphasizes discourse as process.
Cohesion alone is not sufficient for the
interpretation of the discourse. Comprehenders
generate inferences on the basis of background
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knowledge and discourse constraints.
Coherence
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