R ROOF STRUCTURES ZK, Couple r00f8 represent the most economical Solution for low building wicths ZA, Qala oot ate neve the cheapest for slopes under 45°, but are suitable for large fee span roots, Simply uoportd rots are alvoys more expensive AN than couple roots and ate only used in exceptional Ay foots wih 0 hangers (wera poss) simost always are the most economical contruction Putin roofs with vee hangers are only considered ABN for very wide buildings. Roofs form the upper enclosure of buildings, protecting them from precipitation and atmospheric affects (wind cold, heat). They comprise a supparting structure and a root Used (wood, steel, reinforced concrete, roof slope, type and ‘weight of roof covering, loading, ete. Loading assumptions must comply with current regulations {dlead-weight, ive loads. wind and snow loadings). & distinction = made between roofs with and without purins, because of their different structural system, and of the aifferent functions of the supporting components. However, these two types of construction may be combined. The different types of load \tansfer also have consequences for the internal planning of the building © sete pinot Ye Oo‘estan couple roo! with hangers and jointed ROOF STRUCTURES Ina puttin root, rafters have a subordinate function (round section timber spars also possible for small spans). Purlins are load-bearing beams, conducting loads away trom the rafters to the supports. Regular supports are required for the puslins (trusses or eross:walls) Early type: ridge purlin with hanger. Double pitch purlin roofs have at least one hanger, situated inthe centre ofthe root. Suitable when the length of the rafters < 4.5m: on wider house structures, with rafter length > 4.5m, then two or more puslins with suitable vertical hangers are required. & rafter roof (rigid tangle principle is possible in simple form, with short rafters up to 45m. If the rafters’ length exceeds 4.5m, intermediate support is required in the form af collars, This regular, strong system of construction provides @ support tree imernal roof space. Couple close roots require a strong tensile connection between the feet of the rafters and the ceiling beams. Spracketed eaves are a common feature, ‘ang a change of angie in the foor siope. Simple couple and collar roof construction is unsuitable for large roots Collar roots are suitable for building widths to approx. 420m, rafter lengths up to 7.5m, collar lengths up to 4m. The collar root is a theee-link frame with a tension member. Prefabricated roof trusses are a very common form of structure for pitched roofs. While economical in the use of timber and ‘ight and easy to erect, they have the “disadvantage of totally obstructing the root space. ‘00 of pote halt wo superted span = 115-120 © ephemera fort tant ot Cees =P ‘Al At A) Zeal nROOF STRUCTURES