SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

SYSTEM OF DISPOSING OF
SEWAGE OF A BUILDING
TYPES OF WASTEWATER
1. DOMESTIC WASTEWATER
PRIMARILY SPENT WATER FROM
BUILDING WATER SUPPLY.
2. STORM WATER WATER
THAT RUNS OFF THE ROOF.
3. INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER
WASTEWATER COMING FROM
INDUSTRIES WHICH REQUIRES
TREATMENTS TO REMOVE
SPECIFIC ELEMENTS INJECTED BY
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES.
TYPES OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
1. PUBLIC SEWER LINE PUBLIC
SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM
CONSISTING
OF
SEWAGE
TRATMENT UNIT (CONVEYS
RAW SEWAGE TO DISPOSAL
SYSTEM)
2. SEPTIC TANK
SEWER CONDUIT FOR WATER
CARRIAGE OF WASTES
SEWERAGE SYSTEM OF
SEWERS AND APPURTENANCES
TWO TYPES OF SANITARY
SEWER SYSTEM
1. INTERCEPTING/TRUNK LINE
SEWER
2. TRIBUTARY/CONTRIBUTING
SEWER
DRAINAGE
SYSTEM

SUBDIVIDED
INTO
THREE
COMPONENTS
(DRAINAGE,
WASTE, VENT)
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1. PIPES MUST BE FITTED AND
TIGHTLY
CONNECTED
(TO
PREVENT LIQUID OR GAS
LEAKAGE).
2. VENTILATION MUST CONVEY
GASES
TO
ATMOSPHERE
(WHERE IT NO HARM HUMAN
HEALTH).

3. EACH FIXTURE EXCEPT WC

SHALL HAVE SUITABLE TRAP (TO
PREVENT BACKFLOW OF GASES).
4. FIXTURE SHOULD BE REVENTED (TO AVOID SIPHONING
OF WATER SEAL).
5. DRAINAGE PIPES SHOULD BE
GRADED PROPERLY OR SLOPED
FOR DOWNWARD GRAVITY
FLOW OF WATER TO THE WASTE
DISPOSAL.
6. DRAINAGE PIPES SHOULD BE
PROVIDED WITH CLEANOUTS
ACCESSIBLE FOR REPAIR (INCASE
OF STOPPAGES).
WASTE PIPE ANY PIPE WHICH
RECEIVES
DISCHARGE
OF
FIXTURE EXCEPT WC AND
CONVEYS THE SAME OF THE SOIL
PIP, SOIL BRANCH OR HOUSE
DRAIN.
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN
INSTALLING WASTE PIPES
1. SELECTION OF RIGHT KIND OF
MATERIAL
2. CONSERVATIVE USE OF
FITTINGS.
3. RIGHT LOCATIONS OF
CLEANOUTS.
4. RIGHT PITCH OR SLOPE OF THE
PIPE LINE.
5. SIZE OF THE PIPE.
6. MANNER OF JOINING PIPES.
TYPES OF WASTE PIPE
1. DIRECT WASTE ONE WITH
TERMINAL
DIRECTLY
CONNECTED TO THE PLUMBING
SYSTEM.
2. INDIRECT WASTE - PIPES NOT
DIRECTLY CONNECTED WITH
THE BUILDING DRAINAGE PIPES.
INSTEAD, IT DISCHARGES WASTE
LIQUIDS INTO A PLUMBING
FIXTURE OR RECEPTACLE FROM
WHERE THEY FLOW DIRECTLY
TO THE BUILDING SANITARY
DRAINAGE SYSTEM.

SIZE OF WASTE PIPE

1. 38MM-50MM SINK WASTE,
BATHTUBS,
LAVATORIES,
LAUNDRY TUBS.
2. 50MM SHOWER BATH,
URINALS.
CLEAN-OUTS OPENING THAT
PROVIDES ACCESS TO A PIPE,
DIRECTLY OR THROUGH SHORT
BRANCH, TO PERMIT CLEANING.
(1 FOR EACH 30M OF PIPE)
LOCATION OF CLEAN-OUTS
1. BASE OF ALL STACKS.
2. EACH CHANGE OF DIRECTION
IN EXCESS OF 45O.
3. POINT WHERE BUILDING
SEWER BEGINS.
SOIL BRANCH/SOIL PIPE PIPES
THAT RECEIVE AND CONVEY
DISCHARGES FROM WC, WITH
OR WITHOUT DISCHARGE FROM
OTHER FIXTURES.
CONDITIONS
TO
BE
CONSIDERED IN INSTALLATION
OF SOIL BRANCH/SOIL PIPES
1. SHOULD BE ACCESSIBLE AND
PROVIDED WITH SUFFICIENT
CLEAN-OUTS.
2. USE OF SHORT RADIUS
FITTINGS AS SHORT SANITARY
TEE, 1/4 BEND AND SHORT L
SHOULD BE AVOIDED.
3. PIPES MUST BE GRADED AND
ALIGNED CAREFULLY.
4. DOUBLE HUB, DOUBLE T OR
DOUBLE Y ARE PROHIBITED.
5. DEAD-END CONNECTIONS
SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED.
6. SOIL PIPE SHOULD BE
PROPERLY
CONCEALED
IN
PARTITIONS.
7. THE ENTIRE BUILDING
INSTALLATIONS (LOC OF DOORS,
ELECTRICAL) MUST FIRST BE
CONSIDERED BEFORE LAYING
ROUGH-IN OF THE SOIL PIPE.
8. SOIL PIPE SHOULD BE
INSTALLED AND PLACED IN A
MANNER THAT THE BRANCHES

SERVE THE WC SHALL BE DIRECT

AND SHORT AS POSSIBLE.
9. SOIL PIPES JOINTS SHOULD BE
FREE FROM LIQUIR OR GAS
LEAKAGE.
10. SOIL PIPES SHOULD BE
RIGIDLY ANCHORED BY METAL
HANGER OR EMBEDDED IN
CONCRETE WALLS/PARTITIONS.
11. CHANGE OF SOIL PIPE FROM
VERT TO HORI IS DONE BY 1/4
BENDS, LONG SWEEP 1/4 BEND;
2-1/8 BENDS OR Y AND 1/8
BEND COMBINATION.
12. SOIL PIPES SHOULD BE
EXTENDED AND TERMINATE
THROUGH THE ROOF OF BLDG.

WATER SEAL)
B. DEEP SEAL TRAP HAS 7.510CM WATER SEAL CONTENT.
* FOR EXTREME HEAT
CONDITION, INC/DEC
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE,
TOTAL VENTILATION IS
UNOBTAINABLE. (GREATER
RESEALING QUALITY).
2. DRUM TRAP LARGE IN
DIAMETER, USED FOR FIXTURES
SET ON THE FLOOR (BATH TUBS).
USED FOR FIXTURES THAT
DISCHARGES
SUSTANTIAL
AMOUNT OF WATER WHEREIN
TRAP SEAL LOSS IS MORE
PREVALENT.

HOUSE DRAIN PORTION OF

PLUMBING SYSTEM WHICH
RECEIVES DISCHARGE OF ALL
SOIL AD WASTES WITHIN THE
BUILDING AND CONVEYS TO
SAME HOUSE SEWER.

OTHER TRAPS
1. GREASE TRAPS DESIGNED
TO INTERCEPT GREASES AND
SOLIDS BEFORE THEY ENTER
WASTEWATER
DISPOSAL
SYSTEM. (KITCHEN, HOTELS,
CLUBHOUSES, RESTAURANTS).
SOLID FOOD PARTICLES SINK TO
THE BOTTOM, OIL FLOATS.
2. GARAGE GREASE TRAPS
DESIGNED TO RECEIVE WASTE
FROM GARAGE WASH RACKS,
GREASE PITS, AND REPAIR
FLOORS THEN CONVEYS INTO
THE HOUSE DRAIN.
3. HOUSE TRAPS DEVICE
INSTALLED IN A HOUSE DRAIN
THAT ACTS AS BARRIER TO
PREVENT GASSES FROM SEPTIC
TANK OR SERWER LINE.
4. CATCH BASIN

TYPES OF HOUSE DRAIN

1. COMBINED DRAIN
2. INDUSTRIAL DRAIN
3. SANITARY DRAIN
4. STORM DRAIN CONVEYSE
RAIN OR STORM WATER TO
SUITABLE TERMINAL.
TYPES OF STORM DRAIN
1. INSIDE STORM DRAIN
2. OUTSIDE STORM DRAIN
3. OVERHEAD STORM DRAIN
TRAPS DEVICE USED TO
PROVIDE BARRIER AGAINST
PAGGE OF NOXIOUS AIR FROM
SEPTIC TANK OR MAIN SEWER.
TYPES OF TRAPS
1. P-TRAP MOST COMMON
SHPAE OF TRAP. GOOSENECK.
USED FOR FIXTURES SUSPENDED
FROM WALLS (LAV, SINKS, URI,
D.FOUNTAIN).
A. COMMON SEAL TRAP
USED FOR FIXTURES
SUBJECTED TO NORMAL
CONDITIONS (5CM DEEP

FLOOR DRAIN RECEPTACLE

INTENDED TO RECEIVE WATER
FROM FLOOR AND CONVEY TO
PLUMBING SYSTEM. USUALLY
INSTALLED ON:
1. BASEMENT FLOOR
2. NEAR HEATING EQUIPMENT
3. BELOW KITCHEN SINK
4. VICINITY LAUNDRY
VENTILATION VENT. REFERS
TO PORTION OF THE DRAINAGE
INSTALLATION
WHICH

MAINTAINS
A
BALANCED
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE INSIDE
PIPES.
MAIN FUNCTION OF VENT PIPES
1. PREVENT LOSS OF TRAP SEAL.
2. PREVENT RETARDATION OF
FLOW OF LIQUIDS.
3. PREVENT DETERIORATION OF
PIPES.
CAUSE OF TRAP SEAL
1. SIPHONAGE
A. DIRECT SELF-SIPHONAGE
B. INDIRECT/MOMENTUM
SIPHONAGE.
2. BACK PRESSURE
3. EVAPORATION
4. CAPILLARY ACTION
KINDS OF VENTILATION
1. MAIN SOIL & WASTE VENT
BACKBONE OF ENTIRE SANITARY
SYSTEM. PORTION WHERE
WASTE DOES NOT TRAVEL THRU
2. MAIN VENT PRINCIPAL
ARTERY OF VENTING SYSTEM.
COLLECTING
VENT
LINE.
SUPPORT TO THE MS&WV (#1).
3. INDIVIDUAL/BACK VENT
PIPE INSTALLED TO VENTA
FIXTURE TRAP THAT CONNECTS
WITH VENT SYSTEM ABOVE
FIXTURE
SERVED
OR
TERMINATES IN THE OPEN AIR.
4. UNIT/COMMON/DUAL VENT
ARRANGEMENT OF VENTING
SO INSTALLED THAT ONE VENT
PIPE SERVE TWO TRAPS.
5. RELIEF VENT VERTICAL VENT
LINE
THAT
PROVIDES
ADDITIONAL CIRCULATION OF
AIR.
6. YOKE/BY-PASS VENT PIPE
CONNECTING UPWARD FROM A
SOIL/WASTE STACK BELOW
FLOOR TO AN ADJACENT STACK.
7. CIRCUIT VENT BATTERY OF
FIXTURES
8. LOOPED VENT VERTICAL
VENT CONNECTION ON HORI
SOIL/WASTE PIPE BRANCH AT A
POINT DOWNSTREAM.