[T]he third Rome . . .

shines like the sun . . .

throughout the whole
universe. . . . [T]wo Romes
have fallen, and the third
one stands, and a fourth
one there shall not be.
Philotheos, quoted in Tsar and People (Cherniavsky) In Russia, a patriotic
monk saw a special meaning in the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Now, he
declared, Moscow was the third Rome, the successor to the Roman and
Byzantine empires:

The Rise of Russia

Section 9-2
pp. 289-293

Preview Questions
How did geography help shape early
Russia and the growth of Kiev?
How did the Mongol conquest affect
Russia?
Why did Moscow emerge as the chief
power in Russia?

Russians traditionally date the

origins of their country to 862,
when Rurik, a prince of a
Varangian tribe called the Rus
(roos), began his rule of Novgorod
in the north. After Ruriks death,
Rus lands expanded to include
Kiev, which became their capital.
The Rus princes lent their name to
the growing principality of Russia.

As Western Europe was developing its

distinctive medieval civilization,
Russian culture took a different path in
the east. Connecting Europe and Asia,
it became a center of power in its own
right.
One reason Russia developed
differently from Western Europe was
its unique geography

The Geography of Russia

The Geography of Russia

The Growth of Kiev

Slavs expanded into
Russia during Roman
times
Varangians
(Vikings) became
part of Russian
culture

The Growth of Kiev

Byzantine Influence
Trade
Cyrillic Alphabet
Byzantine
Christianity
Heirs to Byzantine
empire and culture

Yaroslav
Ruler during Kievs
golden age

Mongol Conquest
Mongols: Nomadic
warriors from Central Asia
united under Genghiz
Khan
The Golden Horde
Mongols invaded and ruled
Russia in 13th Century
Demanded tribute and
recognition as overlords
Generally tolerant and let
Russian princes rule

Mongol Conquest
Effects of Mongol Rule
Heavy burden of taxes
Some peasants turned to
Russian nobles for
protection
Tolerance and growth of
Russian Orthodox Church
Peace across Asia led to
increased trade
Isolation of women
Tradition of absolute rule

Moscow Takes the Lead

Rise of Moscow
Located near
important trade
routes
Power from
collecting tributes
for Mongols
Capital of Russian
Orthodox Church
Defeated Golden
Horde in 1380

Moscow Takes the Lead

Ivan the Great
United and added
land to Russias
empire
Absolute Rule
Limited power of
boyars, or
landholding nobles
Took the title czar
Idea of divine rule

Moscow Takes the Lead

Ivan the Terrible
Introduced feudalism
in Russia as it was
fading in Western
Europe
Used oprichniki as
special agents to
enforce his will
Tradition of extreme
absolute power

http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiap
cf/08/19/mongolia.genghis.spirit/

Looking Ahead
Time of Troubles
Invasions
Uprisings
Disputes over
succession

Romanov Dynasty
began in 1613 when
Michael Romanov was
chosen to be new czar