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Changes in

Afghanistans
Government
Alanna, Colten, Liz, Ryan, Vanessa

In 1953, General Daoud was appointed Prime Minister and led


a government inspired and supported by Soviet socialist
policies. After being forced to resign, 20 years of political
instability lead to his reinstatement following a coup by the
Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan.
In 1978, a pro-Soviet coup overthrows General Daouds
republic. The following December, the Soviet Army invades
and sets up a communist government in the face of
infighting in the new Democratic Party. A year later, Babrak
Karmal was put in as a ruler backed by Soviet troops.
Guerilla fighters known as mujahideen fight against this Soviet
government, backed by the U.S., Pakistan, China, Iran, &
Saudi Arabia with arms and money.

General Mohammed Daoud


Karmal

Babrak

In 1986, the U.S. begins supplying the mujahideen with arms & Karmal
is replaced with Mohammad Najibullah. Najibullah is backed by the
Soviets. Afghanistan, the U.S., USSR, and Pakistan agree to peace &
the Soviets begin pulling out of Afghanistan.
The mujahideen begin a civil war after crushing Najibullahs
government in 1992, allowing the Taliban to take control of Kabul in
1996. They institute harsh conservative policies, restrict womens
rights, & enforced these policies with strict punishments. They
claimed to lead by Islamic law. The Taliban remain unrecognized as a
formal authority by the U.S. Over the course of the next few years,
they manage to gain control of much of Afghanistan.
Following the attacks on the WTC, the U.S. begins an invasion of
Afghanistan. Soon after, Hamid Karzai is sworn in as head of a powersharing government. In 2002 he becomes head of state. In 2004, a
new constitution is adopted & Karzai becomes president. The first
parliamentary elections in 30 years take place the following year.

Mohammad Najibullah
Laden

Osama bin

In 2009, efforts are put forth to strengthen the national army


but terrorist attacks cause subsequent elections to be halted
and fragmented. Karzai follows up with a new term as
continued violence and terrorism incite the international
community to take even further action within Afghanistan.
A 2011 military partnership leads to the U.S. troops remaining
in the country after other nations leave. 2012 is marred with
many violent terrorist attacks from the Taliban.
Presidential elections of 2014 are held back by violent protests
and recounts. Ashraf Ghani is sworn in as president soon
after. 2014 proves to be the most violent year in Afghanistan
since 2001, as NATO pulls out and returns control to the
Afghanistan army.
Into 2015, the Taliban continue to gain control of parts of the
nation and continue talks of peace with foreign governments.

Major elements that causes struggle for power


1979 President Nur Muhammad Taraki, leader of PDPA, is assassinated and replaced by
Hafizullah Amin. Amin is then assassinated and the Soviet Union invades. Babrak Karmal is
installed as president.
1987 - Mohammad Najibullah replaces Babrak Karmal as president.
1989 Soviet army withdraws all troops from the country, and the United States also
abandons Afghanistan.
1992 Kabul falls to mujahideen factions. Burhanuddin Rabbani becomes president of the new
Islamic State of Afghanistan and a civil war starts.
1996 Kabul along with most part of the country falls to the Taliban.
2001 United States and coalition forces invade Afghanistan. Hamid Karzai is appointed leader
of the nation at the International Conference on Afghanistan in Berlin the capital of
Germany.[1]

Hafizullah Amin

Hamid Karzai

Works Cited
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12024253

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/asia-jan-june11-timeline-afghanis
tan/

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