Alligation Alligation is the rule that enables us (i) to find the mean or average value of mixture when the prices oftwo or thore ingredients which may be mixed together and the proportion in which they are mixed are given (this is Aligation Medial); and {ii} 1 find the proportion in which the ingredients at given prices must be mixed to produce a mixture at a given price. This is Alligatton Alternate. ce Note: (1) The word Aviigation literally means firking. The rule takes its name from the lines or links used in working out questions on mixture: (2) Alligation method is applied for percentage value, ratio, rate, Brices, speed etc and not for absolute values. That is, whenever per cent, per hour, per kg, per km ete ere being compared, we can use Alligation. Rute of Alligation : If the gradients are mixed in a zatio, then - Quantity of cheaper _ _CP of dearer — Mean price Quantity” of. dearer Mean price — CP of cheaper We represent‘it as under : CP of unit quantity of cheaper (c) CP of unit quantity of dearer (d) Mean price my demo 2) Then, (cheaper quaritity): (dearer quantity) = (4-1) ; fm-) Solved Problems 2x,1: In what ptoportion taust rice at Rs 3.10 per kg be mixed with rice at Rs 3.60 per kg, so that the mixture be worth Rs 3.25 a ky ? jolm: C.P_ of 1 kg. cheaper rice CP. of 1 kg. dearer rice (re en paise} Mean. price’ (325 paise), — 35 15 ty the alligation rule; (Qvanitity_of cheaper rice) _ 35 (Quantity of dearer rie) ~ 15 wi-. They must be mixed in the ratio 7 : 3. { Ex.2; Tlow many kg. of salt at 42 P per ky. must a man mix with 25 kj of salt at 24 P per kg. so that he may, on selling the mixture at dl P per kg, yain 25% on the outlay ? Sol. Cost price of mixture = 40 x we = 32 P per kg. (By the rule of fraction) Ratio =4:5 thus for every 5 kg. of salt at 24 P, 4 ke, of salt at 42 2 is used, the required no, ofkg=25 x 4 = 20. Ans. Milk and Water Ex.3 iA mixture of a certain quantity of milk with 16 Litres of water is worth 90 P por Titre. IF pure milk be worth Rs 1.08 per litre how much milk is there in the mixture ? Sol. The mean value is 90 P and the price of water is OP. milk water em _o aN 907% 108 - 90 By the Alligation Rule, milk and water are in the ratia of 5: 1. ~: quantity of milk in the mixture = 5 x 16= 80 litres, Ans. bed: in what propottion must water be mixed with spirit to pain 163% by selling it at cost price ? ‘ol. Let CP. of spirit be Re 1 per litre. ‘Then S.P. of | Litre of mixture =Re 1. Gain = 163 Me CP of I litre of mixture = rs( 10? x3 x ‘} = Rs (5) 350 FCP. of 1 litre Cc. P.of } litre water pure spimil (Re), i: fem va “ee (Quantiry of water) _ (Quantity of spirit} salalsl— alM or Ratio of water and spirit = |: 6 iy.St A butler stols wine fiom a butt ef sherry which contained 40% of spirit. He replaced what he had stolen by wine containing only 16% spirit. The butt was then of 24% strength only, How much of the butt did he steal ? Win: ‘Wine containing Wine Containing one Sot Wine Containing eo Mae Spee ag . By alligation nile: wine with 40% spirit & wine with 16% spit 16 7 3 ¢., they must be nixed in the ratio (1:2). Yhus 2 3 of the bul of shenry was lefl und hence the butler drow out? of the butt ‘hree ingredients — Nomber of proportions unlimited x.6: In whal proportion may three kinds of wheat at Rs 1.27, Rs 1.29 and Rs 1.32 per kg be mixed to produce mixture worth Bs 1.30 per kg? om: Istwheat 2nd wheat 3rd wheat Mean Prive 127? 129P 132 P. 130 P Tiere the first wa prices are less and the third price is. greater than the mean price.We first find the proportion in which wheat at 127 P and 132A must be mixed to produce a mixture at 130 P. i a Ist wheat 3rd wheat ee pea oO The proportion is 2: 3 We next find the proportion in which wheat at 129 P and 132 P mut be mixed to produce a mixture at 130 P. 2nxl wheat 3rd wheat ie ae 130] go , ‘The proportion.is 2: 1 Now in whatever proportion these two mixtures are mixed, the price of the resulting mixture will always be 130 P per kg because both mixtures cost 130 Prkg. Now $ kg of the first mixture is composed of 2 kg of wheat at 127 P and 3 ky of wheat at 132 P, and 3 kg of second mixture is composed of 2 kg of wheat at 129 P and 1 kg of wheat at 132 P; henee 5+3 or 8 kg of the resulting mixture is composed of 2 kg at 127 DP, 2 kgat 129 P and (3+1)or 4 kgat 132 P. Hence the required proportion is 2:2:4 or I: Take another case : Lf we use (say) 4 kg of the first wheat we must use 6 ke of the third wheat. Again if we use (say) 10 kg of the second wheat, we must use 5 kg of thied wheal. ‘There is (aus another proportion. Ist 2nd 3rd 4ke : 1dke = 6+5=11 ke. or4: 10: f1 The student can verify this result also. In fact, we can use any number of kg of the Ist or 2nd wheat as long as we use the necessary corresponding number of ky of the 3rd and henee the number of proportions is unlimited. Note : The above calculations can be simplified further. For this follow the following rule:Rule: Reduce the several prices to one denomination (like, Rs 1.24, Rs 1.31, Rs t,20 can be wrillen as 124, 131 and 120) and place them under one another in order of magnitude, the least being upper- most, Set down the mean price to the lefi of the prices, Link the in pairs so that the prices greater and lesser than the average price go together. When find the diltcrence between each price and the mean price and place it apposite to the price with which it is linked. These differences will give the required answer, For example, the above exarnple can be solved as : ~ 127 2 {= 132 - 130) 130 ~ my 2 (= 132-130) 132 l= 4 1= (130 - 127) + (130 - 1299) +. the required proportion is 2: 2:4er1:1:2 £x.7: Ln what ratio must a porson mix three kinds of wheat costing him Rs 1.20, Rs 1.44 and s 1.74 per kg, so that the mixture may be worth Rs 1.44 per kz ? Solm: Ist wheat 3nd wheat 3ed wheat 120 144 174 following the abeve rule, we have, “120845 34+ 33 [(l44- 141) + 4174-1419] 141 -] lddeet j21 [= 14L = 120) -114—tz1 [= 141 - 120) Therclore, the required ratio = 36 :21221= 12:7:7 Nate : Try to get the other ratios which satisfy the conditions. Four ingredients Ex.8: iow musta grocer mix 4 types of rice worth $4 P, 72 P, Rs t.20 and Rs 14d per kg so as to obtain a mixture at 96 P por kg? Son: First solution : $4. 4+ 48 [144-96] 964 72-4 24 [> 120 - 96] 120-4 24 £96 - 24] Lidg———— 420 [= 966 Sa] ©. required proportion is 48:24: 24:42=8:4:4:7Second solution : Sé-—— 24 96 472 | 48 120-1 42 E 144 24 “. Tequired proportion is 24: 48:42: 24=4:8;7:4 ifferent ways of linking, will give different solutions. Note: Mixture from two vessels Ex.9: Milk and water are mixed in a vessel A in the propertion 3 : 2, and in vessel B in the proportion 8 ; 5, In what proportion should quantities be taken from ihe two vessels so as to form a mixture J in which milk and water wili be in the proportion of 9 : 47 Soln: In vessel A, mill = 2 ofthe weight of mixiure In vessel B, milk = ¢ afthe weight of mixture. Now we want to. form a mixture in which milk will be 2 of the weight of this snixture, By alligation rule z rt oI i -, required proportion is: 2.37:2 | © required proportions fe: Ze: A butler stealing wine ~ . Ex.10; A butler stores wine from a butt of sherry which contained 30% of spirit and he replaced what he had stolen by wine containing only 12% of spitit. The butt was then 18% strong only. How much of the butt did he steal ? . Soln : By the alligation rule we find that wine ‘containg 30% of spirit and wine containing 12% of spirit should be mixed in the ratio 1: 2 to produce a mixture containing 18% ‘OF spirit.30% 12% eM 6% 12%, Ratio=6:12=1:2 This means that} of the butt of sherry was left, is. to say, the ‘botler drew aut z of the butt . »- Z of the butt was stolen. Ex.11: A goldsmith has two qualities of gold — one of 12 carats and another of 16 carats purity. In what proportion should he mix poth to make an ornament of 15 carats purity ? Soln: 1 I Po 16 Oo ~. he shouid mix both the qualities in the ratio 1:3. Ex, 12: 300 gm of'sugar solution has 40% sugar in it. How much sugar should bc added to make it 50% in the solution ? Soln: The existing solution hes 40% sugar. And sugar is to be muixed; co the other solution tas 100% sugar. So by alligation method : 40% 100% 50%: 50% 0% ‘The two mixtures should be added in the ratio 5 : 1. ‘Therefore, required sugar = 300 x1=60gm. Direct formula : Quantity of sugar added __ Solution (requiced% value — present % vale) (100 - required% value) In this case, __ 300 (50 ~ 40) _ Ans = Te i ems. Ex.13: There are 65 students in a class. 39 rupees are distributed among, them so that cach boy gets 80 P and each gitl gets 30 P, Find the number of boys and girls in that claseSoln: Hore aliigation is applicable for "money per boy or girl.” 3500 Gs Mean value of money per student =—=— = 60 P Boys Girls +. Boys: Girls =3:2 *. Number of boys = — © 3 30 yay 739 and number of girls ~ 65 « 39 = 26. Bx.14: A person has a chemical of Rs 25 per litre. In what ratio should water be mixed in that chemical so that after seiling the mixture at Rs 20/lite he may get a profit of 25%? Soln: In this question the aldigation method is applicable on prices, so we should get the average price of mixture SP of mixture = Rs 20/ litre; profit = 25% 100 average price = 20 = 58 = iRs 16 fire. Applying the alligation rule ; Chemical Water 25 0 a 1 Ci W= 16:9 Ans 1S: A person travels 285 km in 6 ius in two stages. In the fitst part of the journey, ho travels by bus at the speed of 40 km per hr. In the second part of the journey, he tavels by train a the speed of 53 km per hr, How much distance did he travel by train ? Soln: In this question, the alligation method is applicable for the speed. Speed of Bus Speed of vain ay 55 Average speéd 285 ae . Nas é 6 *. time spent in bus: time spent in train = 42 , 45Ss 7 142.5 - 2 km. ¥ix.163 In what ratio should milk and water be nixed so (hat after ». distance travelled by train sclling the mixture at the cost price a profit of 165% is made? Sain : See soln 4. Short-cut Method : In such questions the ratio is Water: milk = 165: 100 = 1:6. Ex.17: In what ratie should water and wine be mixed so that after seljing the mixture at the cost price a profit of 20% is made 7 Solu: Water: Wine = 20: 100=1:5 Rx.18: A trader has 30 kg of puises, part of which he sclls at_ 8% profit and the rest at 18% profit. He gains 14% on the whole. What is the quantity sold at 18% profit ? Soln: Detail Method Let the quantity sald at 18% profit be x kg. Then the quantity sold at 8% profit will be (50-x) ke. For a matter of convenience supposy that the price of pulse is 1 rupee per ke. Then price of x kg pulse = Ks x aud price of (50-x) kg pulse = Rs (50-8) Now we get an equation. 18% of x + 8% of (50 -x)— 14% of 50 => 18x + &(50-x)= 14% 50 => 10x = 300 “x= 30 By Alligation Method : I pat LU part RM ri _ 4 profit 14% an “— AM 5% =4:642:3 Therefore the quantity sold at 18% profit = x3=30kg. Note: For the above example, both the detailed and J alligation methodsare given so that you ean compare them and understand importance of alligation method in Quicker Maths: x.19: A trader has 50 kg of tice, a part of which he selis at 10% pro and the rest at 5% Joss. He gains 7 % on the whole, What is quantity sald at 10% gain and 5% loss ? Soin: I part I part} ' 0 a ye , ©. Ratio of quantities sold ut 10% profit and 5% loss = 12 : 3 =4:1, 50 441 Therefore. the quantity sold at 10% profit = quantity sold at 5% loss = 50- 40 = 10 ke. Note: Whenever there is loss, take the negative value. Here, different between 7 and (-5} = 7-{-5) = 745 #12. Never take the differ that counts negative value. Ex.20: A trader has 50 kg of rice, a part of which he sells at 14% pro: and the rest at 6% loss. On the whole his loss is 4% . What is quantity sold at 14% profit and that at 6% loss? x4=40 kg and} Soln. i part IL part ees eter is loss on whol peo = -. Tatio of quantities sold at 14% profit and 6% loss = 2 : 18 . =1:9. 1=5 kg and sold at 6 50 x 14+9 ~. quantity sold at 14% profit = loss = 50-5 = 45 kg, Note: Numbers in the third fine should always be + ve. That is why (-) 6-(-)4 = -2 is noi taken unde: consideration. Ex.21: Mira’s expenditure and savings are in the zatio 3:2. Her inem increases by 10% . Her expenditure also increases by 12% . BYt how many 3 does her saving, increase?Soin: Expenditure . Saving 2 (% increase in NS - increase in saving) (increase in income) 3 2 (given) We get two values of x, 7 and 13. But to get a vishle answer, ‘we must keep in mind that the central value (10) must lie between x and 12. Thus the value of'x should be 7 and not 13. ©. required % increase = 7% Ex.22: A vessel of 86 litre is filled with milk and water. 70% of milk and 30% of water is taken out of the vessel. It is found that the vessel is vacated by 55%, Find the initial quantity of milk and water, Sain: Here the % values of milk and water that is taken from the vessel should be taken into consideration, milk water 1 30% > so 25 15% = 5:3 Ratio of milk to water + ao 3 +, quantity of milk = = i" o x 5=50 litres and quantity of water= 2 3 = 30 litre Ex.23: A coniainer contained 80 kg of milk. From this container 8 kg of “milk was taken gut and replaged by water: This process was further repeated two times. How much milk id now contained by the container ? Sain. Amount of liquid left aiter n operations, when the container originally contains x units of liquid from which y units ia taken ‘out each time isx Thus, in the above case, amouint of milic left 13 af = *) kg = 58.32 kg. 80 Ex.24: Nine littes are drawn from a.cask full of water and it is then Eile with milk, Nine litres of mixture are drawn and the cask is aga filled with mitk. The quantity of water now left in the cask is t that of the milk in it as 16 : 9. How much does the cask hold ? Solu: Let there be x litres in the cask. ¥rom the above formula we have, after n operations : Water left_in_vessel_after_n_ operation Whole quantity of milk in vessel 2 Thus in this case, =) - (eis) _ 16 1649)" =45 litres. Rs, 1500 is invested in two such parts that if one part be javested al 6%, and the other at 5% , the total interest in one year from oth investments is Rs 85, How much is invested at 5%)? he whole money is invested al 6% + the annual income is 6% Of Rs. 1,500 = ks. 90. Ifthe whole money is invested at 5%, the annual income is 5% of Rs 1,500 ~ Rs 75 Bui real income = Rs 85, +. Applying the alligation rule, we have Ex.252 Soin: 6% 5% Rs 9 Rs 75 — Rs eo Rs 5 2 Z 1 ~. Money invested at 5% = ; x Rs £,500= Rs 500 Note: Solve with the help of average rate of interest.Vx 26 : A mixture of 40 litres of milk and water dontains 10% water. How much water musi be added to make 20% water in the new mixture ? Soin This question is the same as Ex 12. ‘The existing mixture has 10% water. Water is to be added, so the other solution has 100% water, Se by alligation method 10%, 100%. ooo 80% 996 *. The two mixture should be added in the ratio 8 : 1. ie. for every 8 litres of first mixture, 1 litre of water should be added. Therefore for 40 litres of first mixture 32 * 1 =S litres of water shodld be added. 3y Direct formula : By ihe formula given in Bx 12, Requircd quantity of water = Beo— =O = 5 litres. fete: (1) Both of the above methods are fast-working. But usually, it seems to be difficult to recall the formula im the examination hall. So we suggest you to solve this type of questions by the Rule of Alligation. (2) In Ex 12, sugar was added in a solution of sugaz, but.in the above cxampie water is added im a mixture of milk and water. In both the cases this method works, The only thing you should keep in mind is that the % value should be given for the same coinpo- nent in both the mixtures. For example see the following case: “A mixture of 40 litres of rhilk and water contains 90% milk. How much water must be added to make 20% water in the new mixture?” In the above example, percentage value of milk (99%) is given in the first mixture and percentage value of water (20%) is given in the resulting mixture. So, the above example can be solved by both the ways. (1) By finding the % value of water in first mixture, or, (2) by finding the % value of milk in second mixture. or cuse (1) : Water % in the mixture = 100 - 90 = 10% Now, the rest is the same as given in.Soln (26). w case (2) : Perceniage value of milk tir the resulting mixture = 100 - 20 = 80%. Now we can apply the alligation rule,The second mixture is water which has 0% vallk; so Ist mixture 2nd mixtuce (water) 0% oo wo 30% 10% ~. Ratio in which the two mixtures should be added is # : 1. Thus w get the sate result by this method also. Ex 27: Ina zoo, there arc rabbits and pigeons. If heads are counted, there arc 200 and if legs ave counted, there ate 580. [ow many pigeons are there ? Saln : This question can be sofyed in many ways. If you suppose the Guantities to be x and y, then you gettwo equations and by salvin, them you get the reyuired answer, We give you a direct formula Lor the questions when 2-logger and 4-legged creatures are counted together No. of 4-legged creatures = otal legs = 2a Totalheads > Ax Total heads - Totallegs 2 number of pigeons (2-legged) = a0 38 Sig By Alligation Role : Rule of Alligaion is applicabloon number of legs per head. No. of 2-leaued creatures = , — 580 _ 39 Average number of legs per head — 300 = fa Rubbit Pigeons fe 2 i oo 2» a 10 16 +, Rabbit: Pigeons = 9: 1] 200 “Ti Pigg =o =< 1=1t0 umber of pigoons = 570° tuBx 28 ¢ A jar contains a mixture of hwo liquids A and B in the ratio 421, When 10 litres of the mixture is taken out and 10 litres of liquid B is poured into the jar, the ratie becomes 2; 3. low many litres of liquid A was contained in the jac? Soln ; This question shuuld have been discussed under the chupter “Ratio and Proportion". But as it is casy to solve it by the method of alligation, it is being discussed here. First we see the method ef altigation. Method |: In original mixture, % of iquid B = 2 4x 180 20% + In the resultant mixture, % of liquid B= To x 100 = 60% Replacement is made by the liquid B, vo the % of B in second mixture = 100%, Then by the method of Alligution + me em ie 40% 40% <. Ratio in which first and yecond mixtures should be added is 1:1. What does it imply? 1 siinply implies that the reduced quantity of the first mixture and the quantity of mixture B which is wo be added are the same, Total mixture = 104-10 = 20 Litres. and liquid A -20 x4=16llitres. Vlethod IL : The above method is explained Unrough percentage. Now, nethod II will be explained through fraction. Fraction of B in original mixture -1 Fraction of B in second mixture (liquid B) = 1 Fraction of B in resuhing mixture = 2 So,Thus, we we see that the original mixture and Viquid Bare mixe in the same ratio. That is, if 10 litves of quid B is added then after takin; out 10 litres of mixture from the jar, there should have been 16 litres oj mixture left. So, the quantity of mixture in the jar = 14+ 10 = 20 litres and quantity of A in the jar = 2 x4=16lites. Method Til: This method is different from the Method of Alligation. Let the: quantity of mixtare in the jar be $x litre. Then i i 4x-10(—*_]: x10 = 23 ' * ian * ai}t © or, 4x=8:x<24 102: ax-8_ 2 ar, ——_ = > x+8 3 Lead Then quantity of A in the mixture =4x =4 x 4 = 16 litre Note (*) : Liquid A in original mixture = 4x 1 Liquid A taken oul with 10 lites of mixture = 10 x 4 4 T litres + ‘ . Remaining quantity of & in the mixture = 4x - 10 (3) | Liquid B in onginal mixture = x Liquid B taken out with 10 litres of mixture = 10 (5) litres Liquid B added = 10 litres *, Total quanuty of liquid B =x - 10 (5 | +10 And the ratio of the pwo should be 2: Ex 29; 729 litres of a mixturc contains milk and water in the ratio 7 : 2, How much water is to be added to get a new mixture containing milk and water in the ratio 7: 3‘?Soin + Similar questions were discussed in examples 12 and 26. Previously, the percentage of components of mixture were given, but in this example components are given in ratio. Some methods to solve this question are being discussed below. Method 1: : Change the ratio in percentage and use the formula given in Ex, 12. % off water in the original mixture = 5“ 2 3x 100 = 208 % s . : 3 % of water in the resulting mixture = 0* 100 = 30% . 729 [30 a ©. Quantity of water to be added = 160 — 30 — TB xd _ 9 litres, 9x 70 Method II: It is a little easier than the above method. You don’t need to. find the percentage value of water. You can use the fractional value of water in the mixture. Use the formula given below : ™ Required quantity of water to be added Solution (Required fraction: alvalue— Present fractional value} 1 — (Required fractional value) 3 2 729 (|—- - -=— ind 347 247),Method 1: ‘Yo solve this question by ihe methed of alli gation, we can use either of the two, percentage or fractional value, hes 100% sue ey 70% am ‘Therefore, the ratio in which the mixture and water arc to be added is 1 : 1 go OrL 29 ‘Then quantity of water to be added = Ee x 1+ 81 hives. Note ; Solve this question by this method. You can use the fractional value also. Try it. Theorem : Ix gin if equal size are filed with a mixture of spirit ant warer, The railo of spirit and water in each glass are ax follows: BD, Bet AR, oo ty! By. Hf the contents of all the x glasses ave emptied inte a single 4, then proportion of spirit and water in it ts given by ae {by bz — ee [a ee w+) thy «By la +o atin dy t by Ex 30: In three vessels cach o! (0 litres capacily, mixture of milk and water is filled. The ratic:, of milk and water are 2; 1,3: | and 3:2 in the three respes tive vessels. [fall the three vessels arc emplicd into a sinwle large vessel, find the proportion of milicand water in the misture: Solnz By the above theorcra thy required ratio is a 4 I 1 2 1 1 sor tygt 2+b Sab Fizp [2e1 B41 442 3, fh} +2) 45 +96 204 15+ 24 4 Jes a3 Bx4x5 3x4dxeh =121; 50 Note: This question can also be solved without using this theorem. For convenience in calculation, you will have to suppose the capacity of the vessels to be the LCM of (2+ 1), (3+ Land (3 + 2), ie. 60 litres. !Because it hardly matters whether the capacity of each vessel is 10 Lines or 60 Litres or 1000 litres. The only thing is that they should have equal quantity of mixture. kx 31: 1F2 kg of metal, of which i is zine and the rest is copper, be mixed with 3 kg ofmetal, ofwhich 4 is zinc and the restis copper, what is the ratio of zinc fo copper in the mixture? Sulit : Quantity of zinc in the mixture =3! (zj-2.3-848-0 “B+ 374° 122° Bp Quantity of copper in the metal = 17g Wt _4s F942 S75 Ty 17 ay ratio a 17248 Ex 32: A man mixes § kilolitres of milk at Rs 600 per kilolitre with 6 kilolitres at Rs $40 per kitolite. How many kilolitres of watcr should be added to make the averajtu value ofthe mixture Rs 480 per kilolitre? Solu : This question should be solved by the method of alligation. 5x 600 + 6 x 540 546 =Rs “ per kilolitre, Cost of nmlk when two qualities ave mixed = Cost of waler = Rs Of kilolitre, So, First mixture (milk) second mixture (water) 6200, o i gag ‘0 at ©. Ratio of unilk and water = 480 : 90% 2 Which implies that 11 kilotitres of mitk should be mixed with 2 kilelitres of water. Thus 2 kilolitres of water should be added ma 11:2Kx 33: Lf goods be purchased for Rs 450 and one-third be sold al a loge of 10%, what per cont of profit should be taken on the remainder so as 10 pain 20%, on the whole transaction ? Solu: Ist Part 2nd Mart -10% xh orl :2 We see that 20 - (-10} = 20 | 10 = 30, As 2 is written in place of 30, there should be t5 in place of 1, Therefore, x = 20 + 15 = 35% alte i 3 Ex 34; [f goods be purchased [or Rs 840 and ; ofthe goods be sold at aloss of 20%, at what gain per cent should the remaimder be sald $0 as to gain 20% on the whole? Soln : Ist Part 2nd Part -20%, xh ae poe 4 4 orl: 3 We sec that, 20 - (-20) = 40 is replaced by 3, so there should be 40. = 40 _ 100 _ 4,1, 7 i place of 1. Then x=20 + 5 =—3—= 335%. Note: To find the value of x, you may use — a = (-20) _3 x—20 1 - or x-20=80 - x= 4 29 - Msi was 20-(-10) 2 And in Ex 33: ——_~ = = nd in Bx xo T or, 2x-40=30, x7 B= 35% £x 35: A man buys (wo horses for Rs 1350 and sells one so as to lose 6% and the other so as to gain 7.5% and on the whole he neither gains nor loses, What does each horse cost ?Soln: Ist horse 2nd horse 0% eT oo, ‘Thus, we see that the ratie of the costs of the evo horses is 5: 4. . Cost of Ist horse 2 5 = Re 750 S44 and cost of 2nd horse= X4=Rs 600 $44 Ex 36+ A merchant borrowed Rs 2500 from two money lenders. Forone Toan he paid 12% p.a. and for the other 14% p.a. The total interest paid for one year was Rs 326. Haw much did he borrow al each tale 7 This cxample is similar to example 25, But we will solve it differently, Previously, the amount was used, but in this we will use the rate of interest. The merchant paid Rs 326 as interest for Mis total borrowed amount, =12:13 Thustheamount lent at 12% = oa x12 =Rs 1200 and amount lent at 14% = ay x1¥=Rs 1300 Ex 37; How many kg of tea al Rs 42 per ky must a man mix with 25 kg of tea at Rs 24 por kg so that he may, on selling the mixture at Rs 40 per kg, gain 25% on the outlay? Soln ; Solve yourself (see Hx 2).Ex 38: Rs 1050 was divided among 1499 men and women so that each man geis Re | and each woman 50 paise. Find the number of: women. (Ans. 700) : Soln : Solve yourself (see Ex 13). Ex 39; A man travelied a distance of 80 kam in 7 hours partly on foot at } the rate of 8 km per hour and partly on bicycle at 16 km per hour. Find the distance travelled on foot: Soln : Average speed = Prost, By alligation method : Foot Bicycle Ogg 7 2 Ny 7 7 Ratio of time travelled on foot and by bicycle = +. Time travelled on foot = «. Distance travelled on foot =8 x 4 =32 km. Ex 40: Some amount out of Rs 7000 was lent at 6% per annum and the Temaining was lent at 4% per annuni. ‘the total simple interest from both the parts in 5 yrs was Rs 1600. Find the sum lent at 6% | pa. (Ans : Rs 2000) Soln « Solve it yourself by both the methods discussed in Ex 25 and Ex 36. Ex 41: Milk and water are mixed in a vessel Aas 4: 1 and in vessel B as 3: 2. For vessel C, iftene takes equal quantities from A and B, find the ratio of milk to water in C. (Ans : 7: 3) Sain : Try yourself (see Ex 30 and the theorem used in it). Ex. 427 An army of 12,000 consists of Europeans and Indians, The average height of Europeans is 5ft 1-inches and that of an Indian is 38.9 inches. The average height of the whole army is Sit 92 inches. Find the number of Indians in the army. Soin. Detail method; Let the number of indians be x; then x(5 19 in) + (12000 — x) (5 #10 in} 3. 12000 SA9Z inor, x (69 in) + (12000 - x) (70 in) = 69.75 in x 12000 or, x = 12000 (70 - 69.75) = 12000 x 0.25 = 3000 By Method of Alligation (Quicker Methad): Europeans Indians 10: ‘69 a PN 0.75 0.25 * patio = 0,75: 0.25 =3:1 2. to. of Indians = 122 5. 1 = 3000 341 Ex. 43: In an alloy, zinc and copper are in the ratio 1:2. In the second alloy the same elements are in the ratio 2:3. In what talio should. these two allays be mixed fo form a new alloy in which the two elements arc in ratio 5:8? Soln: Detail Method: j-et them be mixed in the ratio x : y x Then, in Ist alloy, Zine = and Copper = 2nd alloy : Zine -# and Copper = 2 + rit-s :8 N hi cama low, we have $3 r Sx+6y _ "GOx+9y 8 or, 40x + 48y = 50x + 45y [th wai we Et f se or, 10x =3y Thus, the required ralio = 3 : 10 By Method of Aliigation (Quicker Method): You must know that we can apply this rule over the fraetional value - of cither zine or copper.-Let us consider the fractional value of zinc. Ist alloy - 2nd alloy 1 . 2 3 oe Boon . . a3 mixture} ae 39 65Therefore, they should be mixed in the ratio 22 1.39 3 99 aS = Aor3ste Note: Try to solve it by taking fractional value of Copper, Ex. dz Jayashree purchased 150 kg of wheat atthe rte of Rs 7 per kg. She sold 50 kg at a profit af 10%. At what rate per ke should she sell the remaining to get @ profit of 20% on the total deal? Soln : Selling price of 150 kg wheat at 20%, prekit = 150 «7 [i25) =Rs 1260 Selling price of 50 kg wheat al 10% profit lid =50x 7 100 + Rs 385 . Selling price per Kg of remai ing 100 kg wheat = 1200-— S88 —hes 8.75 By Method of Alligation : Selling price per kgzat 10% profit= Rs 7.70 Selling price per ke at 20% profil = Rs #40 Now, the two lots are in ratio = 1:2 Oe oo - oe 2 84-77 2 OF xoka 1 wx- 84 2 -. Selling price per kg of remaining 100 kg = Rs 8.75 Ex. 45: How much water must be added to a cask which contains 40 Vitves of milk at cost price Re 3.5/litte sa that the cost of milk reduces to Rs 2/litre Sein: This question can be solved in so many different ways. But the method ofalligation method is the simplest of ail the methods. We will apply the alligation on price of milk, water and mixture Milk eee oO 3.5 Meai yo 2 — : ~. vatio of milk and water should be 2: 15-4: 3 35; MK = 8.75 o «3 = 30 lives. +. added water =