Running head: MR.

PRATT

Occupational Profile and Intervention Plan: Mr. Pratt

Madeline Dunlap
Touro University Nevada

Occupational Profile
Mr. Pratt is a 52 year old single man from Chicago who has lived in Las Vegas for 12 years.
He doesnt have any family members that live in Nevada or close by. The only family member

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that he stays in contact with is his mother who lives in Chicago and who he hasnt seen in eight
years. Client initially moved to Las Vegas to care for his dad who was homeless, suffering from
diabetes, and dealing with an undiagnosed mental illness. His dad passed away four months after
client moved to Las Vegas and left everything he once knew. Client became depressed, which
resulted in the loss of his job and apartment. He found himself stranded, living on the streets just
as his father lived, and jumping from shelter to shelter.
After two years of this lifestyle, client came in contact with a friend from his old job who
was suffering from cancer. They worked together for a company called Tree Removal that
consisted of cutting down trees and removing them from the property. Client worked here for a
short time because the physical implications were hard on his body and mind. Client moved in
the apartment with his buddy where he became his full time caregiver and roommate up until
client became hospitalized. Client also has a cat, Abigail, and calls her Abi for short. As of right
now, the cat is staying with his old neighbor but client cannot wait to get out of the hospital and
go get Abi. While he has been in the hospital, his friend that was suffering from cancer lost his
battle resulting in the client experiencing depression and anxiety throughout his hospital stay.
Mr. Pratt was admitted to the hospital on March 24, 2015 to Complex Care Hospital, a
long-term acute care facility, due to the experience of dysphagia and abdominal pain. Client was
put on ventilator support. He has a history of hypertension, Type II diabetes, malnutrition, with a
past surgical history of incarcerated abdominal hernia, tracheostomy, and gastrostomy tube
placement. Throughout his hospital stay client has experienced nausea, vomiting, coughing, and
gastroesophageal reflux due to his multiple abdominal surgeries and dysphagia. Additionally,
client acquired pneumonia during his time in the hospital. Client is required to wear an
abdominal binder at all times of the day to help stabilize his core and prevent further injury.
Client is optimistic in getting back to living like he once did before being hospitalized.
First thing the client wants to do after picking up Abi is eat a pizza or an in-and-out burger

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because he has been on a strict diet consisting of pureed food, which has progressed to a soft
diet. He values quality of life because when he gets out of the hospital his main goal is to simply
survive. He does not want to live the homeless life again so he is hoping that his case manager
can find an apartment for him because he has lost it during his time being in the hospital. He
mentioned that he may try to become a certified caregiver because he enjoyed caring for both his
dad and friend when they were going through a difficult time in their life. His roles consisted of
cooking, cleaning, doing laundry, and other home management tasks. Client also enjoys fishing
as one of his leisure occupations he used to do with his father. Clients main motto in life is to
remain kind and help others because he believes in treating people the way you want to be
treated.
Prior to being hospitalized, client was completely independent in all occupations. Client
is seeking services in order to become modified independent (Mod (I)) with the use of a front
wheel walker (FWW) in all activities of daily living (ADL) tasks and functional mobility.
Clients main goals during his hospital stay is to be Mod (I) in toileting, bathing, self-care, and
dressing. Client also wants to build up strength and endurance to be able to stand longer for
activities such as cooking, cleaning, and grooming. One aspect of the clients environment that is
supporting his engagement in occupations is the durable medical equipment (DME) and adaptive
equipment (A/E) that has been issued to him in order for him to be as independent as possible in
everyday tasks. However, a barrier that the client may experience if he returns to prior living
conditions is if he lives on the second floor of the apartments like he once did, that would limit
his ability to leave his home. Although the client has established compensatory strategies for
various tasks such as dressing, he is motivated to get back to how his life was before being
hospitalized. He is also aware that due to his stomach issues, his diet has changed to reflect that
and he knows that he will have to continue his strict diet to remain healthy and away from the

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hospital. Overall client is extremely motivated for therapy so that he can return back to his home
with his cat and be able to live independently as possible.
Occupational Analysis
Mr. Pratt is seeking services in a long term acute hospital setting where he receives
occupational therapy three to five times a week as well as physical therapy. Treatment sessions
typically last for thirty to forty-five minutes depending on how the client is feeling over a course
of 28 days or less. I observed the client perform upper extremity (UE) and lower extremity (LE)
dressing with the use of a FWW. Client did not require any assistance to help him complete the
tasks. Client had difficulty buttoning up his pants as well as his shirt due to the abdominal binder
that is wrapped around him at all times. Client showed slight tremors due to muscle weakness
and fatigue and was out of breath after completing the dressing activity.
Through my observation of the client, I noticed him using compensatory strategies such
as leaning back and to one side to slip on one side of his pant leg and doing the same thing for
the other side. When the client had to stand he required (S) using FWW to pull up his pants and
had to pull his pants up quickly just to hurry and sit down to catch his breath. When he put on
his button up shirt, I observed the client experiencing great difficulty with the buttoning of his
shirt due to the slight tremors, muscle weakness, and decreased endurance. Also, with the
abdominal binder that he wears, the shirt was fitting more tightly than normal so he had to use
more strength to pull each side together in the middle.
Due to his diagnosis of dysphagia and multiple abdominal surgeries, client is seeking
services to learn compensatory strategies as well as adaptive equipment to get him living as
independently has he can. According to the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF)
there are various skills and patterns that my client is experiencing that is inhibiting and affecting
his ability to engage in occupations. One domain that is impacting the clients ability to engage

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in occupations is the client factor of muscle functions. This includes muscle power or strength,
muscle endurance, and muscle tone which all have an impact on this particular clients
participation is various tasks. The reason why these areas are affecting the client is due to the
hospitalization where he spent most of his time lying in bed and not moving around much.
Another important area that is affecting the clients ability to engage in occupations is the
difficulty he has with swallowing and keeping food down due to his underlying diagnosis of
dysphagia.
Due to the confinement of the abdominal binder and muscle weakness, the client
experiences inability to bend, lift, endure, and manipulate objects within the domain of motor
skills. Client has great difficulty with bending to retrieve items due to his abdominal binder and
the pain he endures from the many abdominal surgeries he has had. He also fatigues easily when
having to lift an object for a short duration, such as a wet wash cloth to wash his face. For the
clients overall endurance with any task, client has to take frequent breaks and stop to catch his
breath in order to complete the activity. Lastly, client has difficulty manipulating small items
with his fingers because he has slight tremors due to his decreased strength and endurance.
Mr. Pratts sensory functions, specifically his pain level, is hindering his ability to
optimally participate in occupations. Due to the multiple abdominal surgeries he has had, client
experiences sharp pains based off of the specific activities he participates in. Client described his
pain as uneasy, uncomfortable, and agitated to the point of sometimes not wanting to get out of
bed. Although client experiences pain often, he is motivated to getting out of the hospital and is
very active and compliant in therapy. Additionally, clients inability to process the intended use
and purpose of adaptive equipment at all times, inhibits his ability to fully engage in the
occupations that utilize this equipment. These activities include dressing and bathing along with

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the associated equipment for these tasks. Applying the use of the equipment will promote and
increase functional independence in these areas of occupations.
In conclusion, the clients roles and identity have been diminished as the life he once
knew prior to being hospitalized has completely changed. He was a caregiver where he took care
of his dad and good friend, cooked, cleaned, prepared meals, managed the home and finances,
and lived his life based off his dads and friends needs. He is unsure what his roles are today and
it is ultimately affecting his outlook on life. Client is showing signs of depression and anxiety as
he approaches his last several days in the hospital. This is ultimately affecting his desire and
motivation to participate in certain activities that he once did as a caregiver.
Problem List
1. Client requires Mod (A) when standing to complete grooming activity due to decreased
muscle endurance and slight tremors.
2. Client requires Mod (A) to perform UE and LE dressing due to decreased muscle
endurance, slight tremors, and strength.
3. Client requires Mod (A) with toileting hygiene due to slight tremors from decreased
muscle functions.
4. Client requires Mod (A) to perform bathing without frequent breaks due to decreased
muscle endurance, slight tremors, and strength.
5. Client requires Mod (A) to prepare a meal in kitchen due to slight tremors and decreased
muscle functions.
The first problem statement I have developed is based on the clients standing tolerance and
his inability to complete a grooming task without fatiguing quickly and needing frequent breaks.
Despite the muscle function problems, client also experiences problems with reaching outside of
his base of support, holding his hands up for a long period of time, and holding the required
items during the duration of the activity. The client wants to be as independent as he can be in
order to return to prior living situations. The first thing that needs to be addressed before other

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areas can be worked on is the ability to tolerate standing for a longer period of time to increase
endurance and strength while participating in functional tasks. This will then lead to other
activities that the client will be able to do.
The second problem statement that I established was based on my initial observation of the
client. Once again, his abdominal binder is difficult to work around along with his decreased
endurance and strength, which hinders his ability to perform UE and LE dressing efficiently. He
struggles with the manipulation of the buttons on his shirt and pants due to the tremors, the
bending that is sometimes required to put on pants, and the standing tolerance that is used to
complete LE dressing. The client doesnt enjoy the hospital gown so getting him into his regular
clothes provides normalcy and motivation for the client.
The next problem statement that I created was based on what the client wants to be able to do
independently. He wants to be independent in toilet hygiene as he has great difficulty in
maneuvering around his abdominal binder, he experiences slight tremors, and tires easily. Client
wants to learn strategies to complete this task without having someone else do it for him. Along
with his limitations in muscle functions, he also has problems with bending over to clean
himself, using enough force to fully clean himself, and standing long enough to finish voiding.
Working on muscle strength and endurance not only with this activity but other activities will
help with the secondary condition of slight tremors and fatigue, which will help the client to
complete the task more easily and effectively.
The fourth problem statement that I developed for my client was created based on his goals
as well as what is appropriate for this setting. Just like many of the other factors that are
inhibiting the clients performance in occupations, strength and endurance, which produces slight
tremors, are hindering the clients ability to bathe himself independently. Additional problems
include holding a wash cloth while cleaning his body, holding his arms up to wash his hair,
bending over to clean his feet, and strength to hold shampoo bottle while squeezing it into his

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other hand. This is another goal that client wants to be able to do prior to discharge. In order to
address this problem, building strength and endurance in various activities can help with the
overall performance in bathing and other occupations.
Lastly, the fifth problem statement that I established for my client was based on his desire to
become a caregiver again or simply caring for himself, which involves meal preparation and
home management. Due to the fact that that the client wants to return to prior living situations,
addressing his endurance and strength problems while preparing a meal can help facilitate his
desires and promote quality of life. Along with his endurance and strength limitations,
additionally he has problems with setting up, tolerance for standing, maneuvering around in the
kitchen, bending to retrieve items from the refrigerator, and lifting items from one place to the
next. Addressing these problems can overall help the client achieve his desired outcomes.
Intervention Plan & Outcomes
Goals
Long term goal A:
1. Client will complete ADL task while standing c Mod (I) using FWW by 5/27/15.
Short term goals A:
1. Client will perform brushing teeth while standing c Min (A) using FWW within 2 tx
sessions.
2. Client will perform shaving while standing c Min (A) using FWW within 3 tx sessions.
Long term goal B:
2. Client will complete dressing c Mod (I) using hip kit by 5/27/15
Short term goals B:
1. Client will don socks c Min (A) using sock aid within 3 tx sessions.
2. Client will don pants c Min (A) using dressing stick and reacher within 4 tx sessions.
Intervention for First Short Term Goal A
For the first short term goal that I created, I focused on the task of brushing teeth while
building a tolerance for standing. Although this task is important for the client to engage in, other
occupations can be used in therapy to promote engagement in ADL tasks. In order to address the

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components of brushing teeth, I have developed an intervention that will incorporate the skills
needed for this task while standing upright to assess dynamic balance and standing tolerance.
According to Mangione, Lopopolo, Neff, Craik, and Palombaro (2008) interventions and
exercises that are appropriate for addressing balance consist of weight-shifting, marching, and
unilateral standing to increase tolerance of balance and activities while weight bearing. For the
intervention I have created for my client, I will initially have client sit up edge of bed (EOB). I
will then have client sit to stand using a FWW for support. With minimal assistance (Min (A)), I
will have client walk to bathroom to participate in grooming activities.
First grooming activity includes opening up drawer to retrieve hair gel and comb to style
hair. He will remain standing throughout entire activity with wheelchair (w/c) behind him in case
he needs a break. Next, while standing in bathroom, client will retrieve two washcloths, soap,
and lotion. With one washcloth, client will turn on warm water to get it wet, then apply the
appropriate amount of soap to wash his face, neck, and hands. He will rinse off excess soap and
apply the dry washcloth to all wet areas. Client will then squeeze lotion into hand and apply to
all desired areas. The most appropriate intervention approach that is used for this session is
establish and restore approach supporting clients goals and desires of outcomes. According to
the OTPF this intervention approach is developed to establish skills that the client hasnt
developed as well as restoring skills that have been impaired. In doing this intervention activity, I
hope to achieve quality of life for the outcome of my client so that he can find hope and
satisfaction within his life.
Intervention for Second Short Term Goal A
I developed my second goal based on the clients desire to be able to shave again without
someone else having to do it for him, ultimately leading to an increase in self-esteem and
confidence. For this intervention, I will first have the client shave his entire face while standing.
He must retrieve all necessary items needed in overhead cupboards, drawers, and containers.

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Client will complete the task of shaving with supervision (S). Client must then clean sink from
excess hair, remove any additional hair from razor, clean face, put up utensils, and apply
aftershave, if desired, once the activity and clean-up process is complete. ADL tasks are
important in occupational therapy because they are tasks that make up our daily life. According
to Hallgren and Kottorp (2005), there is evidence in the importance of performance in ADL tasks
and how occupational therapy can provide quality to the performance of these tasks through
interventions such as grooming, bathing, and eating. Researchers also discussed the importance
of clients being aware of their limitations and disability in order to improve performance of
ADLs through compensation (Hallgren & Kottorp, 2005).
After this activity, client will participate in a home management skills that will address
standing tolerance and balance as well as reaching, UE strength, fine motor skills, and muscle
endurance. There will be two hospital tables set up on each side of client enough distance away
for the client to have to reach outside of his base of support (BOS) and one table in front of the
client. Client will be standing throughout entire task to build up endurance and tolerance for
standing. He will have to reach to one table that has the unfolded towels and pick up one towel to
bring to the center table to fold. After he folds the towel, he will reach to the other table to stack
the completed laundry. He will continue to do this until all eight towels are folded. He will then
put the towels away in a top cabinet using counter top for stability. The type of intervention
utilized for both activities is establish and restore approach because we are restoring the clients
abilities to be able to participate in ADL tasks and home management skills. My overall desired
outcome for the client is participation in preferred occupations in order to satisfy and fulfill his
needs and to create confidence in his abilities to return to prior living situations.
Intervention for Third Short Term Goal B

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Through the observation of my client, I developed the third short term goal based on
dressing with the use of adaptive equipment. In order to address the skills required for this task, I
will create an intervention based on the clients needs and desires. First I will have client don and
doff his socks by practicing with the sock aid. He may require some assistance when teaching the
method initially. Education and modeling adaptive equipment is important for the client to be
able to fully understand its purpose and to utilize it to its full potential. For the client to be
successful in this method, he must have good dynamic balance while seated, UE strength and
endurance, postural alignment, and fine motor control.
I will then have the client ambulate with Min (A) using FWW to shower chair (SC) in
order to perform bathing using adapted equipment. Due to the abdominal wound and binder, I
will have client sponge bathe with a long handled sponge. Client will gather necessary items to
complete this task prior to starting. This includes the long handled sponge, a bucket of water,
soap, and a dry towel. Once the client has retrieved all of the items, he can begin the activity.
Client will have to utilize the many skills needed for dressing in this intervention activity and it
will also be an additional exposure to adaptive equipment and how it can help him in many
activities he wants to perform. The adaptive equipment such as the long handled sponge will help
client be as independent as he can be with this task of bathing to be able to reach his legs and feet
without having to bend over excessively. The reason of having client sit in shower on a SC is to
provide normalcy of how bathing may be done in the near future.
According to Zingmark and Bernspang (2011) participants reported the most fear with
bathing but was one of the most important occupations to be able to do again independently.
Interventions in this study included all ADL tasks, the use of adaptive equipment for bathing, and
overall quality of life for the participants. Additionally, when the participants were taught ways
to bathe safely and faced their fear of falling, clients satisfaction was higher (Zingmark &

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Bernspang, 2011). The modify approach is the most appropriate intervention type for this entire
treatment idea. It is focused on the clients desire to participate in occupations and promote
participation in life activities using adaptation and compensation. The overarching outcome that I
hope to achieve with this particular intervention is the participation in occupational performance
to increase independence and life full of quality and satisfaction. Improving the prior skills that
the client was once able to do will provide empowerment and motivation for the client to achieve
their goals.
Intervention for Fourth Short Term Goal B
The intervention created for my clients fourth short term goal is based on LE dressing
with the use of adaptive equipment such as a reacher and dressing stick. The skills needed to
perform this method successfully includes coordination, fine motor skills, UE strength and
endurance, trunk control, and dynamic balance. The performance of dressing requires energy and
often times clients who have been hospitalized, have debilitated muscles and decreased
endurance which makes the task more difficult. According to Singh, Stewart, & Franzsen (2001)
most clients in the study performed one handed dressing techniques or used adaptive equipment
to perform dressing to compensate for poor movement and trunk stability. Researchers went on
to say that the participants rated the importance of dressing high and overall want to be able to do
this task as independently as possible (Singh, Stewart, & Franzsen 2001).
Mr. Pratt also finds dressing to be of importance and wants to work on this task in
therapy. The beginning of the intervention will be the education of the reacher and dressing stick
and the practice of using the equipment. Client will then retrieve all the items for dressing from
wardrobe prior to starting the activity using FWW with Min (A). Client will perform LE dressing
at EOB with (S) as well as finish getting dressed to prepare for therapy. This includes putting on
his button up shirt and trying to complete all of the buttons, utilizing the sock aid as he used and
practiced in therapy prior to this session, and the donning of his shoes to the best of his ability.

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Therapy will then go into basic meal preparation as he used to be a caregiver and would like to
return to this role once he gets out of the hospital.
For this activity, I will have client prepare a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. This
includes retrieving all of the items needed to complete the task with Min (A) such as the peanut
butter, jelly, bread, utensil to spread the ingredients, a plate, and any other necessary items.
Doing this part of the activity requires UE strength and endurance, trunk control, coordination,
problem solving skills, fine motor skills, and standing tolerance. After all of the items are
retrieved, client will sit to complete the activity of spreading the peanut butter and jelly and
putting the sandwich together. Client will then be expected to put away all of the retrieved items
in the correct spots with Min (A). The intervention approaches that are most appropriate for this
treatment session is the modify approach with the use of adaptive equipment for dressing as well
as establish and restore the skills needed to prepare a meal that have been limited due to injury.
Overall, the desired outcome I have for this intervention plan is the promotion of quality of life
for the client so that he feels satisfied and fulfilled with his progression, providing hope in
returning to prior living situations as well as role competence and meeting the demands of being
a caregiver.
Precautions and Contraindications
Mr. Pratt is on a strict soft diet regimen that has to be followed according to his doctors
orders. This diet includes grounded food and slowly introducing normal food provided by the
hospital. Often times, client has a difficult time keeping the food down or experiences nausea
after his medication resulting in vomiting and coughing. Being aware of this situation prior to
treatment and making sure the client feels well enough to participate is important for the therapy
process. Client must also wear abdominal binder at all times until further instruction is provided
by the physician. Due to his debility, client is at risk for falls, which raises safety precautions for

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treatment when doing any physical or strenuous activities. Precautions of his abdominal wound
with mesh needs to also be taken into consideration at all times. Due to the nature of the setting,
the clients vitals should always be monitored and controlled when doing therapy in order to
alleviate additional problems that may occur. With the client having numerous abdominal
surgeries and because he is required to wear an abdominal binder and mesh at all times, a
contraindication is not letting clients area of incision get wet when doing an ADL task such as
bathing, which may create an infection and causing bigger problems.
Frequency and Duration
Client will be seen three to five times a week for up to 28 days according to insurance
and progression of rehabilitation. Therapy does not take place on the weekends at this facility so
the clients receive treatment Monday through Friday. Client has good rehab potential to return to
prior living situations. Client is very determined and requested to participate in therapy as many
days as he could a week. Treatment sessions typically lasts about 30 minutes depending on how
long client can participate and tolerate the activities planned. Due to Mr. Pratt being higher level
functioning, he can participate in a longer treatment session compared to a client that may be in
the Intensive Care Unit or has a more severe disability. The frequency of the interventions that
are planned for the client should continue to be three to five times a week for the next two weeks
with a plan of discharge from occupational therapy services after client reaches his goals within
the next 10 treatment sessions.
Grading Up and Down
For one of the intervention plans created, if the client finds a difficult time doing the tasks
or the opposite and the tasks comes at ease, there are ways to modify it so that the activity is just
the right challenge for the client. For example, the activity of standing up while folding towels
can be done in a variety of ways to adjust according to how the client is engaging. To grade

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down this activity, the same set up can be done with the tables on each side of the client, but
instead of the client standing through the task, the client can sit in a w/c to fold the towels in his
lap, but still using trunk control, reaching, dynamic balance, and coordination. As for grading up
this activity, the client may have to fold more towels requiring him to stand longer or incorporate
articles of clothing to fold such as socks and matching pairs, folding up shirts, and pants.
Grading up and down is important to be able to do with any activity so that the client can achieve
success according to any modifications that need to be made for him to be able to complete the
task. This, in return, will promote confidence and self-efficacy to be able to successfully
complete the required activity that was planned for him.
Primary Framework
The primary framework that I utilized to guide my plan and goal setting is the
rehabilitation frame of reference. For my client to be successful in many of his day to day
occupations, compensatory strategies as well as adaptive equipment will help assist him in these
tasks. My clients main goals were to be able to be independent in ADL tasks such as dressing,
bathing, and grooming, which are addressed in the intervention activities. Education will be
provided to the client to teach him how to use the adaptive equipment provided to him so that he
can be successful in his daily occupations. The A/E includes a reacher, dressing stick, sock aid,
and long handled sponge. Additionally, teaching strategies will be implemented with the
intervention plans to promote active participation in ADL tasks such as grooming, bathing, and
dressing. Although the client may not perform occupations as he once did, being Mod (I) with
the use of durable medical equipment (DME) and A/E can promote quality of life and encourage
the client to participate in everyday activities.
Client/Caregiver Training and Education

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Due to Mr. Pratt not having a caregiver or anyone close to him to be a part of this
process, strong education will be the most important and beneficial to him. This will include
education of A/E that has already been introduced to him. Education will also be provided on
energy conservation explaining the importance of not over exerting himself when participating in
activities. Additionally, training will be provided to my client on the DME he is receiving such as
a SC and FWW. Repetition and practice is important to take advantage of in treatment so that the
client can become more comfortable and confident with the intended use of the equipment. If the
client knows exactly how to utilize the equipment prescribed, then he will be more independent
and functional in his everyday life. Online resources, support groups, and other community
resources will also be provided to the client so he knows exactly what to expect and how to
adjust to the new way of living.
Monitoring and Accessing Clients Response
There are many ways to assess the clients response to treatment including the Functional
Independence Measure (FIM) assessment, re-evaluations, pain assessments, and achievement of
goals. For the FIM assessment, this addresses the clients functional independence level at initial
evaluation, and then reassessing the client to monitor progress. The FIM assessment evaluates
clients on their abilities to participate in functional tasks such as bathing, toileting, UE and LE
dressing, etc. Due to the goals of the clients, the FIM assessment would be a great tool to
measure outcomes and progression of the clients abilities and functions. Re-evaluation is done
weekly at this facility, which is important to also see how the client is progressing through their
hospital stay and if there are areas that need to be worked on in therapy more heavily. Pain
ratings are taken every day to see how the client is feeling prior to therapy and if the pain has
subsided as each day approaches. Lastly, monitoring and accessing the clients short term goals
and long term goals to see if the client is on track for progress and if any modifications need to

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be made in therapy in order for the client to meet their intended goals and to promote functional
independence in his everyday life.

References
American Occupational Therapy Association. (2014). Occupational therapy practice framework:
Domain and process (3rd ed.). American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 68(suppl. 1), S1S48. http://dx.doi.org/105014/ajot.2014.682006
Hallgren, M. & Kottorp, A. (2005). Effects of occupational therapy intervention on activities of
daily living and awareness of disability in persons with intellectual disabilities. Australian
Occupational Therapy Journal, 52, 350-359. http://dx.doi.org/10.111/j.14401630.2005.00523.x
Mangione, K. K., Lopopolo, R. B., Neff, N. P., Craik, R. L., & Palombaro, K. M. (2008).
Interventions used by physical therapists in home care for people after hip fracture. Physical
Therapy, 88(2), 199-210.
Singh, A., Steward, A., & Franzsen, D. (2011). Energy expenditure of dressing in patients with
stroke. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 18(12), 683-693.
Zingmark, M. & Bernspang, B. (2011). Meeting the needs of elderly with bathing disability.
Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 58, 164-171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.14401630.2010.00904.x.