RECENT ADVENCES IN PRODUCTION

AND PROCESSING
OF
ARECANUT
COURSE TITLE:-PLANTATIONCROP
COURSE CODE:-FSC-503
CREDIT HOURS:-3(2+1)

-:submitted by:-:SUBMITTED TO:DR K.C MOHAPATRA

(DEPT. OF PLANTATION CROP)

Mr Manas Kumar Patel

Admn. No:-01Fsc/2014
Dept. of fruit science and
horticultural technology

INTRODUCTION
ARECA NUT CULTIVATED PRIMARILY FOR ITS KERNEL OBTAINED FROM THE
FRUIT, WHICH IS CHEWED FOR ITS TENDER, RIPE, AND PROCESSED FORM AND
IT IS CALLED AS SUPARI OR BEETLE NUT.
ARECA NUT STAND AS A BACKYARD CROP
ARECOTINE (0.1%) FOUND IN ARECA NUT AS
STIMULATING AGENT.
B.N.:-ARECA CATECHU
FAMILY:-ARECACEAE
2N:-32
O.P:-INDONESIA

Harvested
bunch

Bunch ready for

harvest

Areca nut

Single fruit of
arecanut
Areca nut
plant

Beetle leaves and

Disposal areca leaf plates

BOTANY

MONOECIOUS PALM (MALE AND FEMALE FLOWER IN SAME PLANT)

INFLORESCENCE:- SPADIX (IT PRODUCE FROM LEAF AXIL AND
COMPLETELY ENCLOSED IN A SEALED BOAT SHAPED SPATHE)
MALE AND FEMALE FLOWERS ARE SESSILE WITH 2 WHORL OF PERIANTH.
FRUIT:-MONOLOCULAR, BERRY WITH SINGLE SEEDED WHICH IS COVERED
BY FIBROUS OUTER HUSK
CROSS POLLINATED PLANT.
POLLINATOR:-HONEY BEES
AND AIR.

STATITISTIC OF ARECANUT
INDIA IS LARGEST PRODUCER AND CONSUMER OF ARECANUT.
AREA:-57% AND WORLD PRODUCTION OF 53%.
NEARLY 90% OF ARECANUT PRODUCTION COME FROM KARNATAKA(38%),
ASSAM AND KERALA.
SMALL EXTENT:-T.N, MEGHALAYA,W.B, M.H.
MAXIMUM PRODUCTIVITY STATE:-MAHARASTRA(3,947KG/HA).
EXPORT COUNTRY:-NEPAL, U.K, SINGAPORE,MALDIVES, AND SOUDIARAB.

CLIMATE AND SOIL

ARECA NUT IS A TROPICAL CROP.

MOSTLY CONFINED TO 28 NORTH AND SOUTH.
ALTITUDE:-1000M MSL
RF:-RANGE OF 1000MM-5000MM
TEMP:-14C AND 36C AND IS ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY TEMPERATURES
BELOW 10C AND ABOVE 40C.
SOIL:-LATERITIC,RED LOAM,ALLUVIAL SOIL IS GOOD
SOIL SHOULD BE DEEP AND WELL DRAINED(SOIL DEPTH SHOULD FALL
BELOW 1M.)
SLIGHTLY ACIDIC SOIL TO NUTRAL SOIL.

VARIETY OF ARECANUT
s.r
.
no

cultivor

EVOLVED FROM

YIELD OF NUT
(RIPE
NUTS/PALM/YEAR)

Mangla
(VTL-3)

CHINA

10 KG

Sumangla
(VTL-11)

INDONESIA

17.25KG

Sree
mangla
(VTL-17)

SINGAPORE

15.63KG

Mahitnagar

INDEGENOUS

3.7KG

Calicut 17

RECOMMEND FOR ANDAMAN

AND NICOBAR

4.34KG

SAS 17

SIRSI,KERNATAKA
RECOMMENDED FOR
KARNATAKA

4.60KG

NURSERY
COMMERCIAL PROPAGATION BY SEED-NUT(35G).

PROCEDURE OF PROPAGATION
SELECTION OF MOTHER PALMS
(PLANT SHOULD BE HIGH YEILDING, EARLY, MORE FRUIT SET, SHORTER
INTERNODE, MORE LEAF PRODUCING AND 4 BUNCH PER YEAR)

COLLECTED FULLY RIPE NUTS

(MALFORMED NUTS ARE REJECTED, FULLY RIPE, HEAVIER NUTS, HIGHER
GERMINATION %, VIGOROUS SEEDLINGS)
NOTE:-NUTS FLOAT VERTICALLY WITH CALYX END POINT UP WORDS WHEN
ALLOWED TO FLOAT ON WATER IS SELECT.

SEED SOWN IN VERTICAL POSITION

GERMINATE OF SEED WITHIN 45 DAYS TO 3 MONTHS

(SEED PLANT WITH STALK END UP BY SPACING OF 5X5CM )

SEEDLING OF 2-3 LEAF STAGE TRNSFER TO SECONDARY NURSERY FOR 6 MONTH

(TRANSPLANT 90 DAYS SEEDLINGS HAVING 2-3 LEAVES IN TO SECONDARY NURSERY
WITH SPACING OF 30X30 CM.)

12-18 MONTHS SEEDLING OF >5 LEAF ARE TRANSFER TO MAIN FIELD

(SEEDLINGS WITH MINIMUM HEIGHT AND MAXIMUM GIRTH ARE TO BE SELECTED FOR
PLANTING.)

PLANT ARE PLANTED AT SPACING OF 2.7X2.7 M WITH NORTH TO SOUTH DIRECTION.

(FIG OF NURSERY TECHNIQUE OF ARECA NUT)

PLANTING
PIT SIZE:-(90CM)3
SPACING:-1.25X1.25M OR 3.6X3.6M
PLANTING SYSTEM:-SQUARE SYSTEM OF PLANTING.
MULTI-TIER CROPPING SYSTEM.
PLANTING TIME:-MAY-JUN

Planting of areca nut

Square system
Multi tier
NOTE:-WELL-DRAINED
SOILS,
PLANTING AT A DEPTH OF 90 CM IS RECOMMENDED
planting
cropping
AND IN HEAVY SOILS PLANTING AT A DEPTH OF 60 CM IS RECOMMENDED.

INTERCULTURAL OPERATION

DRAINAGE:-HEAVY SOILS-CHANNELS SHOULD BE AT LEAST 15 30 CM

DEEPER THAN THE DEPTH AT WHICH THE SEEDLINGS ARE PLANTED.
SHADING:-THE PALMS ARE HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE FOR SUN SCORCHING SO
RAISING CROPS LIKE BANANA IN BETWEEN TWO ROWS OF ARECANUT.
MANURING:-100:40:140(N:P:K) AND GREEN LEAF MANURE AND
COMPOST:-12 KG/PLANT
IRRIGATION:-4-7 DAYS INTERVAL@175 LTRS/PALM IN HOT AND DRY
WEATHER. SPRINKLER AND DRIP IRRIGATIONS CAN SAVE 20 AND 44 PER
CENT RESPECTIVELY OF WATER
FERTIGATION:-STUDIES AT CPCRI HAVE SHOWNa) INITIAL STAGES OF ARECA GARDEN ONLY 75% OF THE RECOMMENDED
DOSE OF FERTILIZER IS SUFFICIENT
b) FERTILIZER SHOULD BE SPLIT INTO TEN PARTS AND SHOULD BE APPLIED
ONCE IN 20 DAYS FROM NOVEMBER TO MAY.
)COVER CROP:-MIMOSA INVISA.STYLOSANTHUS GRACILIS IN APRIL- MAY.
)MIXED CROP:-ARECA NUT WITH COCOA(1:1 RATIO WITH 2.7M X2.7M
SPACING) MIXED CROP VIZ., PEPPER, COCOA, BANANA, LIME AND
BETELVINE.

HARVESTING AND YIELD

ACCORDING TO TYPE OF PRODUCT AS CONSUMER REQUIREMENT IN
MARKET NUT IS HARVESTED.
HARVESTING PERIOD:-JUNE JULY (TENDER NUT) AND NOV MARCH
(RIPE NUT).
45-50 DAYS INTERVAL PICKING OF NUT FOR 3 PICKING
HARVESTING BY:-CLIMBING, LONG BAMBOO POLE, SHARP SICKLE OR
HOOK.

climbing

Mechanical
harvesting

Bamboo pole

YIELD
10TH YEAR PLANT:->10 KG RIPE NUT/TREE.

SECON
D

THIRD

FOURTH

FIRST
EIGHTH

SEVENT
H

SIXTH

PRESERVATION OF ARECA NUT

FULLY RIPE NUT CAN STORE-1 YEAR (KERLA AND ASSAM)
BURA TAMUL (IN ASSAM FOLLOWED)
FRESH FRUIT WILL LACED IN THICK LAYER OF MUD.
NEETTADAKKA (IN KERLA FOLLOWED)
FRESH FRUIT

KEPT IN WATER

BACTERIA ATTACK TO INNER CORE

DISCOLOURATION OF HUSK AND FOUL SMELL OCCUR.

(NOTE:-REMOVING OF FOUL SMELL0.1% SOD. BENZOATE+0.2%
KMNO4+SULPHURIC ACID UP TO PH 3.5-4,STEEING OF RIPE NUT AFTER
HEAT BLANCH WILL HELP FOR REMOVING FOUL SMELL.)

PROCESSING
OF ARECA
NUT
(DRY NUT)

KOTTAPAK/CHALI:RIPE FRUITS

DRY FOR 35-40 DAYS

MARKETED WHEN 12% MOISTURE OBTAINED

FOUND IN:-KERLA,KN,ASSAM,MAHARASTRA.

PAREHA:FRUIT CUT LONGITUDINALLY 2 EQUAL HALVES

SUN DRY FOR 10 DAYS
KERNEL

SCOOP OUT

DRYING OF NUT
FOUND IN:-KERLA AND KERNATAKA.

Kottapak/chali

MECHANICALLY:-7-8 DAYS AT TEMP OF

45-75DEGREE.

 KALIPAK:-

KALIPAK
(TENDER
NUT)

TENDER NUT
DEHUSKED
CUT IN TO PIECES
BOILED WITH WATER
COATED WITH KALI 3-4 TIMES FOR GLOSSY
APPEARANCE
DRIED IT

SCENTED SUPARI:-

SCENTED SUPARI
(MADE FROM
BOTH CHALI AND
KALIPAK)

DRY NUT
BROKE IN TO BIT
BLEND WITH SPICE, ESSENTIAL OIL AND
FLAVOURING AGENT
PACKED IN BUTTER PAPER
SWEETENING AGENT:-SACCHARINE
FLAVOURING AGENT:-ROSE ESSENCE AND
METHANOL

s. constituen
R
t
no

Uses of arecanut
byproduct
Uses of by product

Tanin(30Adhesive in plywood. food colour, dying purposein cloth

37% in
and leather, ink preparation.
tender,1622% in ripe)

Fat (8-12%)

Confectionary product with cocoa.substitute for vanaspati.

Alkaloid(1.5
%)

Anti-bacterial, aricotene reduces blood cholesterol

Areca husk

Hard board, brown wrapping paper etc

Stem and
leaf sheath

Basket, ruler, tray, cups, different plates etc

INSECT,PEST AND DISEASE

S.R
No

Name
of pest

Causal pest

symptom

managemn
et

mites

Oligonychus indicus

Dicofol @
0.05%

Spindle
bug

Calvalhoia arecae

Phorate @
2gm

DISEASE
S.R

Disease
name

Causal organism

Mahali/kole Phytophthora
roga
arecae

1% B.M 45
days
interval

Bud rot

1% B.M
drainch in
soil

ganoderma Ganoderma
luciderm

Captan 0.3%
drainch in
soil

Yellow leaf

Remove the
affected
plant and
burn it

Phythopthora
palmivora

mycoplasma

symptom

control

FUTURE THRUST
RESISTANT GERMPLASM AGAINST YELLOW LEAF DISEASE
URGENT NEED FOR ENRICHMENT GERMPLASM REGENERATION THROUGH
TISSUE CULTURE FOR MULTIPLICATION OF ELITE TYPES.
CLIMBING TREE IS A PROBLEM SO THINK ABOUT DWARF PLANT.
DECLINATION OF MASTICATORY HABIT OF PEOPLE SO FINDING SHOULD
REQUIRE FOR ITS ALTERNATE USE LIKE
1)

COLOURING AGENT,

2)

INGREDIENT OF TOOTHPASTE,

3)

CHEWING GUM ETC.