SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

RISAT-1 SAR SENSOR AND IMAGING CAPABILITIES

Tapan Misra
Space Applications Centre (ISRO)
Ahmedabad-380015

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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

26TH APRIL, 2012 : RISAT-1 LAUNCH

27-28TH APRIL 2012 : ORBIT RAISING FROM 486 TO 536 KM
29TH-30TH APRIL 2012 : SWITCHING ON OF SPACECRAFT SUBSYSTEMS AND
COMPATIBILITY CHECK WITH GROUND

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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

RISAT SPACECRAFT
CONFIGURATION

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FEATURES OF RISAT SAR

IMAGING GEOMETRY

ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY ANTENNA

STATE OF THE ART ELECTRONICS

TRANSMISSION IN H/V/CIRCULAR
POLARISATION AND RECEPTION IN H
AND V POLARISATION
UNIQUE FEATURE OF CIRCULAR
POLARIMETRY AND LARGE SPOT
IMAGING

360
2.1801.470
EL. BEAM

536
km

SUPPORTS VARIOUS IMAGING

MODES FROM SPOTLIGHT TO
SCANSAR WITH RESOLUTION FROM
1-50 M AND SWATH FROM 10-230
KM

120
550
107km
659km

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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

OPERATION MODES OF
RISAT-SAR

536 km

(C)FRS1/ (C)FRS2 MODE

(C)HRS MODE

(C)CRS MODE
(C)MRS MODE

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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

RISAT IMAGE QUALITY PARAMETERS

Single
Pol
HH/HV/
VV/VH

Dual
Pol
HH+HV
/VV+V
H

Circular
Polarimetry
TX: CP
Rx: V and H
(Experimenta
l)

High Resolution Spotlight

Mode (HRS)

1-2 m resolution, 10 x 10 Km
(10x100 km Experimental) Spot
o= -16 dB

Fine Resolution Stripmap

Mode-1 (FRS-1)

3-6 m resolution 25 Km swath

o= -17 dB

Fine Resolution Stripmap

Mode-2 (FRS-2)

Medium Resolution
ScanSAR Mode (MRS)
Coarse Resolution
ScanSAR Mode (CRS)

6m
resolution
25 Km swath
o= -20 dB

Quad Pol
HH+HV+VV+V
H

9-12 m
resolution
25Km swath
o= -19dB

25 m resolution,115 Km swath
o= -17 dB
50 m resolution 223 Km swath
o= -17 dB
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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

BASIC SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

H
SSPA

Rx-H

Rx-V

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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

CONFIGURATION OF RF & BASEBAND SYSTEMS

FEEDER
SSPA
ISOLATION
SWITCH

Chirped
Carrier

CAL
SWITCHING
MATRIX

FREQUENCY
GENERATOR

LO

Distributed
Active
Antenna

ISOLATION
SWITCH

DIGITAL CHIRP
GENERATOR (DCG)
225/9, 75/9, 37.5/9 &
18.75/9MHZ

Receiver

LNA+DOWN
CONVERTER

MGC

PRF

LO
IF
Clock Ref
LPF
112.5MHz

IF

LPF
37.5MHz

I/Q
DEMOD

LPF
18.75MHz
LPF
9.40MHz

TILE
CONTROL

PAYLOAD
CONTROLLER

CLOCK REF

PRF
SAMPLING
CLOCK

To BDH

2/3/4/5/6 BIT
BAQ

I&Q

8 bit
ADC

Sampling Clock

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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

OVERALL SCHEMATIC OF RF SIGNAL FLOW

FEEDER
SSPA

ISOLATION
SWITCH

SSPA

POWER
DIV

PHASE
SHIFTER
AND
ATTENUA
TOR

DN(V)

TO 20 V
PATCHES

V POL.
LNA

ISOLATION
SWITCH

RECEIVER
(V)

SSPA

DN(H)

PHASE
SHIFTER
AND
ATTENUA
TOR

TO 20H
PATCHES

H POL.
LNA

ISOLATION
SWITCH
CAL
DN(H)
RECEIVER
(H)
CALIBRATION
SWITCH
MATRIX

CAL
DN(V)

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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

TR-SSPA-CAL MODE
Transmit Calibration (TR-SSPA CAL): This is used to obtain transmit mode
gain and phase information of the TR-Modules.
Active Array Antenna

Integration Block
Int_S3

SSPA

Antenna
Patch

Tx-Full
Chain

-20dB

RF

-20dB
LNA

Rx_S1

Rx-HFull
Chain

V
-20dB
Rx_S2
1
0

H
V

-20dB

CAL Switch
Matrix

Rx-VFull
Chain

RF

H
V

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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

TR-LNA-CAL MODE
Receive Calibration (TR-LNA CAL): This is used to obtain receive mode gain
and phase information of the TR-Modules.
Active Array Antenna

Integration Block
Int_S3

SSPA

Antenna
Patch

Tx-Full
Chain

-20dB

RF

-20dB
LNA

Rx_S1

Rx-HFull
Chain

V
-20dB
Rx_S2
1
0

H
V

-20dB

CAL Switch
Matrix

Rx-VFull
Chain

RF

H
V

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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

Tx-Rx-CAL MODE
TX-RX CAL: This mode is used to obtain reference chirp data, required
for pulse compression ; Active Antenna is bypassed.
Active Array Antenna

Integration Block
Int_S3

SSPA

Antenna
Patch

Tx-Full
Chain

-20dB

RF

-20dB
LNA

Rx_S1

Rx-HFull
Chain

V
-20dB
Rx_S2
1
0

H
V

-20dB

CAL Switch
Matrix

Rx-VFull
Chain

RF

H
V

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SPACE APPLICATIONS
CENTREH-POL Phase Difference
TR-SSPA H-POL Gain Difference
TR-SSPA

TR-SSPA V-POL Gain Difference

TR-SSPA V-POL Phase Difference

This TRM(280-V)
showed a gain drop of
5.0 dB in Orbit # 69

TRM 61-V

TRM 64-V

ORB # 69------------April 30,2012*

This TRM(197-V) did

not turn On in Orbit #
100

ORB # 1865-------August 27,2012

ORB # 100------------May 02,2012
ORB # 206-----------May 09,2012

*ORB 69( First Day Onboard Cal ) has been used as reference
ORB # 3478-------December 12,2012
ORB # 3991--------January 15,2013

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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

ACTIVE ANTENNA SIGNAL DISTRIBUTION

To 12 TR
Pairs

Panel

To 12 TR
Pairs

FEEDER SSPA
Panel

1:24 DNW

TR(H)

1:24 DNW

TO 20
ANTENNA
PATCHES

Tile
Aperture

Tile
Electronics
To 12 TR
Pairs

To 12 TR
Pairs

RECEIVER

TR(V)

TR(V)

1:24 DNW

TR(H)

1:24 DNW

TO 20
ANTENNA
PATCHES

Tile
Aperture

Tile
Electronics
To 12
TR Pairs

Panel

To 12 TR
Pairs

TR(V)

1:24 DNW

TR(H)

1:24 DNW

Tile
Electronics

TO 20
ANTENNA
PATCHES

Tile
Aperture

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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

THREE TIER CONTROL OF RISAT

Spacecraft
Subsystems

RF and Baseband Subsystems

Digital Chirp
Generator

Frequency
Generator

CAL Switch
Matrix

Receivers
(H and V)

Data Acquisition and

Compression Units
(H I, H-Q, V-I and VQ)

Payload Controller

Baseband Data
Handling Unit

BUS
Manageme
nt Unit

Feeder SSPA

Panel-3

Panel-1

Panel-2
TCU-1

TCU-2

TCU-3

TCU-4

TRM1-6

TRM1-6

TRM1-6

TRM1-6

TRM7-12

TRM7-12

TRM7-12

TRM7-12

TRM13-18

TRM13-18

TRM13-18

TRM13-18

TRM19-24

TRM19-24

TRM19-24

TRM19-24

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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

SAR PAYLOAD

SPACECRAFT

RF AND
BASEBAND
SUBSYSTEM

RECORDER
AND
DATA TX

BDH

ACTIVE
ANTENNA

F-SSPA(2)

ANTENNA
TILES (12)

RX (4)

TRM-RF(576)

DACS (4)

TRC (288)

FG(2)

PCPU (288)

DCG(2)

QUAD1:12 DN
(24)

PLC(2)

TCU (24)

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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

360
536
km

2.1801.470
EL. BEAM
120
550
107km
659km

ISRO

SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

SYNTHESIZED PATTERNS TX-H

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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION FOR RISAT-SAR

1. Total Deck Dissipation

113.4 watts

2. Active Antenna

822 watts

Without RF Pulsing (DC Power)

With RF Pulsing (Imaging)

1854 Watts-3884 Watts

TOTAL MASS FOR RISAT-SAR

1. Panel-1

289.31 kg

2. Panel-2

289.89 kg

3. Panel-3

291.28 kg

4. Deck Elements
Total

54.84 kg+~5kg Harness

925.32 kg+~5kg Harness

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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

MINIATURISED
EPC FOR TR
MODULE CENTUM
TR MODULE-ASTRA

PRINTED
ANTENNA
ASTRA, SLT

GLIMPSE OF SOME OF
NEW TECHNOLOGIES
DEVELOPED DURING
RISAT PROGRAMME

3 AXIS SCANNER FOR NF

ANTENNA TEST FACILITYBOMBAY MACHINES

TR CONTROL
COMPUTERCENTUM, ASTRA

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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

RISAT-1 HYBRID POLARIMETRY RESULTS

Andaman Sea

Andaman Sea

Pali, Rajasthan

SABARMATI

Antarctica

OIL SPILL,
NORWAY

Tunisia

Sea Ice

Orb3041-Near
Orb 3206-Far
Range
Range
16.48-19.27 degree
44.49-46.18 degree
Imaging Date: 13
Imaging Date: 24th
AHMEDABAD
November
November

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SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

RISAT-1 HYBRID POLARIMETRY ONLY CAN PROVIDE POLARIMETRY IN SCANSAR MODE
FIRST TIME IN WORLD

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Ship Track

Bharati Station

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Hybrid Polarimetry RISAT Image of

Tunisia
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CENTRE
RGB Image
at ~(64.52S,55.59E)

MSSD/MSIG/MRSA,SA
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Low-Pass Filtering of derivedlinear Decomposition
R-HH
B-VV
G-HV

3X3 Low Pass

5X5 Low Pass

11X11 Low Pass

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