' RADAR ENGINEERING &. Poxmonand System Losses $— One of the vinjoostant factos ommiH ed From the simle Packy Equecten | Was the lose thal occurs throughout the daday system | | System lesses are denoted at ls Some system losces can be bredicted such as losses th the ciansmission line but otierc Cannot Such as degradaiion when Operating wh» the fieta- The latter must be ecttmated based on CKherience and expen mental observations, They Ov€ Subject te Considerable variation and Uncertainty. Although the [oss Asocicted with any one faster may be Stmay there Can be vany small effets thet Add Up omd sere fy Sigvificant total toss. : “The rador design should reduce lenoum losses as much, ae hossible fh the destgn ancl develap meat of the vadar Even with diligent efforts te reduce lesses, Sd & vot Unusual fr the systom loss to vory fiom perhabs lode to moze than 20d8- (A 12-dB loss seduce the xonge ty one- roy) System loss, Ls (a number greater than ome) f inserted & the denominad or the sada Equation. Qt i the yecibrecal ¢ efficiency (umber less han one) “The -two terms ( Loss and effraueng) are Sometimes ured trier shargently 1Microwave Plum bing lesces ¢— | There & clioays loss fs tue dramemiscion Dine that comnecks the antenna to He dronsmither and seceiver. There can te less fh the various micsorcave ‘ompomeuts , Such a5 the dubiever, deceiver protector , rotary jot, directional Coublesc, ransmicsron Line Gormedors , bends fr the transmission lines Gnd yismatch ad he arderma . “Prarsmission Une less | Same transmission Line fey & Used for toil, 44ensmission Ord aeceblion, the lecs Jo be Inserted fa the 2adax Equation Se dwice the ome veag ts Flexible Woveguider and Cordial Unes cam have mae lesses than cnventional waveguides. Dublecey Less “The lass due te a gas dublexer that Protas the wecciver from the high power of he Arancmitter “p query Hferent on laancimtesion and decebtion: 8 ft also depends on the type of dupiecer used» Momvfacaers catalogs give values for a chplexeris msertion less C for a gas duplexes) +he aac loss Wher fr the firecl condition. the dublexer ancl othex related devices “hat might te used could 1 fh some ases, contribute omer than 2.48 of, 2-vwey less Pntema Lose Stabimg of the atenna pattem , resus fro loss that B tnetuded as am additronal lowering oP -the autenna far“yather than as a sysicm loss. “The beam shabe loss f a Suaveillance radar, however; % wiwally rretuded as past ef | the syston losses Sieger beet The antenna gam that appears jn he andar 24 to be ast. equal fo the max Value. Raut fh reatity the doar oR pulses has. vetumed fsem a target bya ee antenna § in amplitude by the shape of the antenna beam: uadion & axtumal modulated my Locadion of n pulses Fig: Nature of the beam shape less. “The simp le mada equation Assumes pulses ave Weeproted > all with max. arderma ge G. he dashed Lines webyesent vn pulses Wilh max qa Gnd the Solid Cunve f the amtenna Ymaih— beam Joottem Gw) Scant ing loss 1— enough, delative tothe bound hen the adenna Scans vaiidl stip dime ef the echo signals =the antenna gash Bh the cliecdion of Aangel on Avongmit might Tet be the same as that on decehe - Thx decults i Ar Additonal loss called the Scamning loss.y Phased Rava | Sse: Some phased areay sadass have additrenat -arwmission - line logses due to the distaibutron ‘netuwale that connects the veceiver and “transmmtes te each of the hear elelements *p the Gorey Signal Peocessiag lessee: Soplisticated signal precessing 8 prevalent th modem aackes amd & very important for detedking targets fr clutter ond fh exacting Yefommdion from radar echo signel™ Nem matched Filter: “These can be faom oF 40 Hock of loss due 40 bractcal vather than tdeal matched fiter. Aulomade Prtegrators : The binary moving - window dletectonr> for example, can hove a theoretical loss of Ls te 20 4B Coostorl Falseedplawn Rate CieamiiRedeiver.: “Thig [oss can be more tran 2 dB pana "y on the type of CFAR. Ome Lngaites lohen aigtial pees & employed , loss cam occur when the video signal after jhe Matched filter § sampled prior to digttizmg by He aralog-to- eligi tal (Alp) @mverier. “The difference between the Sampled value and the max ambttude cP pulse sebsesete 4 Sambling less:Limiting less. Some rodars might use a Limijer in the radar ceiver. Pr exambie & pulse combsressicn Resear remove Amplitude fluctuations ih the signal Stoadd ting loss A loss called jhe Fange Straddling less Gees are not centered] on the pute o- eases 5 a me Wider than Cbtimum, TROT can be straddling loss then the signal shectal tine fi Net ceidered on the fires. r Cont absing loss: Bf the radar Were to Wntegaate additonal Noise sambler atog with sigval - Pas—noige , the addeci Noise would result fra degradation called the collapsing dors - 7 Occurs when songe when , -for pocettcal Equipment Degradosren: HB met uncommon for yadavs apercded Undes fletd conditions to have Lowes perfosmance tran when she left the facto. This toss of performance con be decegnized “and Corrected y regularly deotng the vaday- Foom one to three a8 might be Used when NO other information & availavie. References S— © Fwhreducionto RADAE gystons! Messi |-Sketne ® Raday. Psinciples, “Technology » Applicaton : Ryson Gide ® Laday engineers GSN: Raju ( Its Trtemational